共轭亚油酸两种主要异构体冷冻结晶分离工艺研究

应用冷冻结晶技术,对共轭亚油酸两种主要异构体c9,t11 CLA和t10,c12 CLA进行分离。结果表明,通过尿素包合法,去除原料中的饱和脂肪酸,然后在乙醇作溶剂情况下,将乙醇与共轭亚油酸乙酯按18:1配比,置于-56℃低温冷柜中,反应96 h后得沉淀结晶产品,其所含的t10,c12 CLA比c9,t11 CLA高达12.28:1,共轭亚油酸总含量为95.17%。     

共轭亚油酸异构体生理功能的差异

介绍了共轭亚油酸不同异构体在降低机体脂肪积累、抗肿瘤、抗动脉粥样硬化以及免疫调节方面的研究,讨论了不同共轭亚油酸异构体,尤其是顺9,反11-共轭亚油酸(c9,t11-CLA)和反10,顺12-共轭亚油酸(t10,c12-CLA)在生理功能上的差异,以期更有效地利用不同CLA异构体实现特有的生理功能。     

乙醇钾催化共轭化反应合成共轭亚油酸乙酯的研究

以乙醇钾为催化剂催化共轭化红花籽油乙酯制备共轭亚油酸乙酯。产物通过紫外光谱和气相色谱分析表明,亚油酸异构化产物主要为共轭亚油酸结构,其中以c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA两种异构体为主要产物。考察了催化剂用量、温度、时间、含水量等因素对共轭化反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件是:乙醇钾5%,温度95℃,含水量小于0.2%,在真空条件下反应2～3h,共轭转化率可达到95%。     

c9t11- 和t10c12- 共轭亚油酸抗癌和影响脂质代谢的异同

共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一组位置和构象异构体的总称,异构体c9t11-CLA 和t10c12-CLA 或二者的协同作用赋予了CLA 的许多生理功能,比如抗癌、降低体脂含量、预防糖尿病的发生、降低血脂抑制动脉粥样硬化等;异构体c9t11-CLA 和t10c12-CLA 在结构及来源上存在一定差别--由于双键位置的不同,t10c12-CLA 异构体比c9t11-CLA 异构体更容易氧化;而在生理功能上二者也有差异-- c9t11-CLA 异构体的主要作用是抗癌,而 t10c12-CLA 则是降低体脂、血脂等,大量单一异构体的体外实验研究表明二者在抗癌及脂肪代谢的调节上作用机制也不尽相同。     

亚油酸及共轭亚油酸异构体纯化技术优化

以红花籽油制备的亚油酸样品和共轭亚油酸样品为原料,采用溶剂低温结晶法和尿素包合法对共轭亚油酸与亚油酸进行分离纯化,结果表明,与溶剂结晶法相比,尿素包合法对共轭亚油酸和亚油酸有更好的纯化效果.正交实验得到的尿素包合法最佳工艺条件为:m(共轭亚油酸):m(尿素)=1:3,m(尿素):V(乙醇)=1:5,4℃放置24 h得到含量95.17%的共轭亚油酸;m(亚油酸样品):m(尿素)=1:3,m(尿素):V(乙醇)=1:5,-10 ℃放置24 h得到含量99.93%的亚油酸.     

高纯度共轭亚油酸的制备

以红花籽油为原料,比较了2种高纯度共轭亚油酸(CLA)的制备方法:(1)碱法异构化-尿素包合、(2)皂化-尿素包合-碱法异构化。针对每种方法确定了尿素包合和碱法异构化的最佳工艺条件,并对所得的CLA异构体组成进行了分析。研究表明:按照方法(2)先获得高纯度亚油酸(LA),再对其碱法异构化制备CLA可以得到纯度更高的产品。该方法在最佳反应条件下,制备得到的CLA的纯度为97.22%,收率为32.08%,其中c9t11-CLA含量为45.14%,t10c12-CLA含量为49.12%。     

酶法拆分共轭亚油酸异构体的响应面优化

利用响应面法优化了酶法酯化拆分共轭亚油酸异构体的工艺条件,最佳条件为：乙醇添加量0．16g/g（以CLA为基准）,pH6．5,温度26℃。在此条件下,反应12h后,酯化率可以达到45．8％,其中乙酯中c9,t11-CLA含量达到56．22％,t10,c12-CLA的含量达到21．63％。     

富含共轭亚油酸磷脂的制备工艺

采用甲醇钠为催化剂,以大豆粉末磷脂和共轭亚油酸乙酯为原料,通过酯交换反应制备富含共轭亚油酸磷脂。通过研究反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、共轭亚油酸乙酯与大豆粉末磷脂摩尔比对反应的影响,得出最优制备工艺条件为:反应温度130℃,反应时间3 h,催化剂用量为大豆粉末磷脂质量的4%,共轭亚油酸乙酯与大豆粉末磷脂摩尔比4∶1。在最优制备工艺条件下得到的磷脂产品中共轭亚油酸总含量可达59.23%,其中两种主要异构体c9,t11-CLA和t10,c12-CLA的含量分别为27%和29%左右。     

酶法拆分制备共轭亚油酸功能单体

研究利用Lipase AYS催化甲醇和共轭亚油酸(CLA)进行酯化反应,以期对共轭亚油酸异构体进行拆分制备共轭亚油酸功能单体。通过考察酯化反应的影响因素,确定了最优反应条件为:Lipase AYS加酶量180 U/g,反应温度40℃,CLA与甲醇摩尔比1∶1,缓冲液p H 6.5。在最优条件下反应8 h,总酯化率为49.5%,分离产物可以得到甲酯相与脂肪酸相,甲酯相中c9,t11-CLA甲酯的拆分效率达到86.2%,脂肪酸相中t10,c12-CLA的拆分效率达到80.0%,两者回收率分别为72.4%和54.2%。     

瘤胃细菌生物合成共轭亚油酸的累积特性

为了解瘤胃细菌生物合成共轭亚油酸(CLA)的特性,通过毛细管电泳(CE)分析,发现瘤胃细菌生物合成CLA的主要异构体有c9,t11-CLA、t10,c12-CLA和t9,t11-CLA 3种。在厌氧和有氧条件下,瘤胃细菌均能合成CLA,且氧气有利于CLA的累积,随反应时间的延长,CLA的量呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势。结果表明瘤胃细菌参与了反刍动物体内CLA异构体的生物合成与代谢,瘤胃细菌生物合成CLA异构体的特异性还有待更深入的研究。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.