提高缺氧耐受力的红景天保健胶囊的实验评价

以红景天提取物为主要原料,辅以枸杞子提取物和西洋参提取物,研制出红景天保健胶囊。经安全性毒理学评价,大鼠和小鼠的急性经MTD值均大于15 g/kg.bw,按急性毒性分级属无毒级;经功能评价表明红景天胶囊具有提高缺氧耐受力的功能;经功效成分稳定性评价表明红景天胶囊功效成分稳定。     

提高缺氧耐受力的红景天口服液的实验评价

以红景天提取物为主要原料,辅以枸杞子提取物、西洋参提取物、牛磺酸,研制出红景天保健口服液。经安全性毒理学评价,大鼠和小鼠的急性经口MTD(最大耐受剂量)值均大于15 g(/kg.bw),按急性毒性分级属无毒级;经功能评价表明红景天口服液具有提高缺氧耐受力的功能;经功效成分稳定性评价表明红景天口服液功效成分稳定。     

Rapeseed meal-glucosinolates and their antinutritional effects Part 4. Goitrogenicity and internal organs abnormalities in animals

This paper surveys the literature concerning biological properties of rapeseed glucosinolates, chiefly the goitrogenic activity of these compounds and their influence on the morphological and histological abnormalities of internal organs in animals. An attempt has been made to establish threshold glucosinolate levels in diet which trigger the onset or increase of internal organs impairment in animals depending on their species and breeding.     

Influence of wholemeal bread on functional and structure characteristics erythrocytes membrane and lipids oxidation in fraction of microsome of internal organs in rats

Acute tests in rats showed, that application of wholemeal bread into a standard vivarium ration (40 g per a rat with body weight 180-200 g) drastically impoves structural and functional characteristics of membranes of erlthrocytes and cells of a number of internal organs. Anhibition of peroxide oxidation of biological membranes lipids of internal organs (liver, ridneys, heart, lungs and brain) takes place, as well as impairment of erythrocytes membranes perkeability and increase of their peroxide resistivity.     

张裕三鞭酒系列药理作用的研究

目的研究张裕三鞭酒新旧2种配方的药理作用。方法经小鼠交尾实验、睾酮含量和性器官重量测定、常压耐缺氧实验、游泳运动实验、小鼠血浆总SOD含量测定、最大耐受量实验等，观察新旧2种酒的补肾壮阳、抗疲劳、抗氧化效果及安全性。结果新配方张裕三鞭酒在以上各方面均有较好的效果。结论三鞭酒工艺改进后，其药理作用未受影响。     

External form and internal anatomy of Holsteins and Jerseys.

Body weights, external dimensions, and postmortem measures of internal body dimensions or weights of organs and glands of Holsteins and Jerseys were used to establish norms, interrelationships of traits, and effects of sire and inbreeding on changes in external form. Sires differed in nearly all measures of external body form. Sire effects increased with advancing age whereas effects of inbreeding (greater than 12.5, 3.0 to 12.4, or less than 3.0% of inbreeding) declined. Skeletal dimensions were smallest in the greater than 12.5% inbred group. Differences due to inbreeding were largest at 3 and 6 mo of age and in first lactation. Body heights and head dimensions were nearer to mature size at 3 and 6 mo than other measures. In both breeds, most rapid development was between 3 and 6 mo, but Jersey matured 1 to 2% faster. Age (2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 10, greater than 10 yr) was significant for most postmortem measurements. Correlations among measures of external form were .30 to .93. Correlations between external form and internal features or between internal dimensions and organs were lower. External and internal features were positively correlated, but few external features showed strong enough association with internal features for use as predictors of size of organs, glands, or digestive capacity.     

浅谈非洲猪瘟的流行现状及防控措施

非洲猪瘟(ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒引起的一种急性烈性高接触性传染病,其发病过程从急性、亚急性、慢性发病不等,其临诊特征是高热、皮肤发绀,各内脏器官出血,同时伴有呼吸障碍和神经症状,发病率和死亡率几乎可高达100%。该病在临床上与其他败血性、出血性疾病极其类似其死亡的几率都相对较高;非洲猪瘟的出现严重的影响了生猪行业的发展,已经对养猪业产生极大的危害,从饲料加工、生猪养殖、生猪屠宰、肉品零售到肉制品加工全产业链均受到了严重的影响。简要的分析了非洲猪瘟发生的起源、流传以及在国内的现状,剖析了应该采取何种手段进行防控,来抑制住非洲猪瘟的扩散。     

蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧及抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:记录小鼠在常压耐缺氧、亚硝酸中毒、急性脑缺血性缺氧实验中的存活时间,测定过氧化损伤模型中小鼠肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化。结果:蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白可明显地延长亚硝酸中毒、急型脑缺血性缺氧所致小鼠存活时间,对小鼠常压耐缺氧的存活时间无明显的影响。蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白能显著降低肝脏和血液中丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高肝脏和血液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活力。结论:说明了蛤蟆油水溶性总蛋白具有耐缺氧和抗氧化的作用。     

人参蛋白对小鼠的耐缺氧及抗氧化作用

目的:研究人参蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧及抗氧化能力的影响。方法:通过常压耐缺氧、亚硝酸钠中毒、急性脑缺血性缺氧三项指标评价人参蛋白对小鼠的耐缺氧作用;通过测定肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的变化,研究人参蛋白对小鼠体内抗氧化能力的影响。结果:与对照组比较人参蛋白组小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间、急性脑缺血性缺氧张口喘气时间均延长;同时人参蛋白能降低肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量,并能提高肝脏和血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。结论:人参蛋白对小鼠耐缺氧能力具有显著增强作用,对D-半乳糖造模小鼠有一定的抗氧化作用。     

Effect of vegetable products on mercury elimination from the body

Diets enriched with vegetable foods promote the acceleration and enhancement of mercury excretion from the body and limit its cumulation in internal organs and tissues.     

Characteristics of structural changes in the internal organs of animals after administration of dried yeast]

Morphofunctional analysis of the state of internal organs was made in rats which received varying amounts of mushroom powder. It has been established that the new product induces development of endovasculitis, dystrophy and lympho-histiocytic infiltrates of parenchymatous organs. The data obtained have evidenced the development of delayed allergic reactions to mushroom powder. A conclusion has been made on the necessity of its limited inclusion into food ration.     

张裕三鞭酒系列药理作用的研究

目的研究张裕三鞭酒新旧2种配方的药理作用。方法经小鼠交尾实验、睾酮含量和性器官重量测定、常压耐缺氧实验、游泳运动实验、小鼠血浆总SOD含量测定、最大耐受量实验等,观察新旧2种酒的补肾壮阳、抗疲劳、抗氧化效果及安全性。结果新配方张裕三鞭酒在以上各方面均有较好的效果。结论三鞭酒工艺改进后,其药理作用未受影响。     

Dissemination of staphylococci in mice with experimental mastitis

During the course of an acute, fatal mastitis in mice caused by intra-mammary injection of approximately 10(5) cfu of Staphylococcus aureus, small numbers of staphylococci were detected in liver, spleen, kidney and heart. Transport from the mammary gland was by the venous blood system with no evidence of lymph node involvement. Intravenous injection of 100 times more staphylococci (approximately 10(7) cfu) than were fatal by the intramammary route failed to kill the mice and small numbers of staphylococci were found in the visceral organs. However, intravenous injection of approximately 10(8) cfu of Staph. aureus was fatal and large numbers of staphylococci were found in the visceral organs. Treatment with cloxacillin (500 micrograms) by the intramammary or subcutaneous routes, or equally divided between these two routes, cleared the visceral organs of staphylococci; subcutaneous therapy had a limited and variable effect on numbers of staphylococci in the mammary gland while intramammary and divided treatments significantly reduced the numbers of staphylococci. Thus, staphylococci are disseminated to visceral organs during acute staphylococcal mastitis, but this makes a negligible contribution to the clinical disease.     

Characteristics of the action of extracts of pink-stained grain of fusarial and nonfusarial origin on the structure of the organs in growing rat pups

The characteristics of the toxic effect of rose-stained grain of fusarial and non-fusarial nature, as well as the grain experimentally challenged with the toxic strain Fusarium sporotrichiella 53315, were studied basing on the analysis of morphological changes in the internal organs of young rat given orally extracts from the samples studied. The tissue aging processes under the effect of the extract doses producing no irreversible pathologic changes were investigated. It was shown that the extracts of rose-stained natural grain, fusarial and without signs of fusaridiosis, produced similar pathological changes in the morphological structures of the organs in the young rats, the toxicity grew with the increase of the per cent of rose-stained grain. Dystrophic changes in the parenchymatous organs and impairment of the structure of the immunogenesis organs were recorded with a low content of rose-stained grain (3-3.5%), the changes in some organs at the structural and cellular level were also revealed, however, they were less manifest and evidenced a regional antigenic stimulation.     

D-核糖对大鼠负载游泳后胰岛素、去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素的影响及其抗疲劳、抗缺氧能力研究

通过灌服D-核糖,测定大鼠在负重游泳后血浆胰岛素、去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素水平,研究D-核糖对运动后大鼠心脏及骨骼肌功能的恢复作用。灌服D-核糖,测定大鼠的抗疲劳游泳力竭时间与抗缺氧存活时间,探讨核糖的抗疲劳和抗缺氧能力。结果表明:运动后即刻核糖实验组胰岛素水平高于正常对照组和游泳对照组,恢复72h后,核糖组胰岛素水平均高于正常对照组;核糖实验组在运动后即刻去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素水平高于游泳对照组,恢复72h后,核糖实验组肾上腺素水平低于游泳对照组和正常对照组;核糖组与对照组大鼠的抗疲劳游泳力竭时间、抗缺氧存活时间分别延长了50.21%和8.8%。结论:核糖可以调节激素水平,促进运动过程中的糖异生作用,对维持运动过程中血糖水平的稳定起重要作用,保护了心脑等重要器官的正常生理功能。补充核糖可以显著延长大鼠的抗疲劳游泳时间和缺氧状态下的存活时间。     

水分胁迫对烤烟体内钾素累积的影响

以烤烟K326为材料,通过溶液培养条件下的厌氧处理及PEG渗透胁迫来模拟水分胁迫,研究了水分胁迫对烤烟体内钾素累积的影响。结果表明:在团棵期通过通氮气对烤烟进行厌氧处理6d时,烤烟各器官的钾含量及其累积量均显著降低,而根系向外溢泌钾的速度大幅度增加。旺长期内短时间低渗透胁迫强度刺激了烟株中K+的相对累积,胁迫时间延长或胁迫强度增加时,K+累积速率逐渐降低,甚至导致体内钾的损失。钾累积量的这种变化与渗透胁迫导致的根细胞膜结构的破坏及质膜选择透过性功能的降低有关。胁迫程度较高或时间较长时,细胞膜的相对透性增加,根中的K+大量外流。      

The influence of dietary branched-chain fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids of rats

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were prepared as a concentrate from the adiposetissue lipids of barley-fed lambs. The BCFA was included in a stock Oxoid ration at levels of 2.5–15% by weight and these diets were given to appetite to female weanling rats for up to 14 days. The influence of the diets on inter alia growth-rate and fatty acid composition of tissue lipids was compared with the effect of the same stock diet with inclusions at a level of 5% by weight of 3-methylhexadecanoic acid (3-MHD), 4-methylhexadecanoic acid (4-MHD), 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic (phytanic) acid and n-hexadecanoic (palmitic) acid which, with the stock ration, served as control. Rats receiving diets containing up to 7.5% BCFA grew almost as well as did those given palmitic acid whereas the animals offered the diets containing 3-MHD, 4-MHD or 10% BCFA barely subsisted. Rats given 10% BCFA or phytanic acid became moribund within 3 days. BCFA accumulated to widely varying degrees in the lipids of the main internal organs. The higher proportions of these acids constituted some 40–60% of the total fatty acids of the lipids of kidney, liver and heart and were associated with diets containing 10% and 15% BCFA and 5% 3-MHD. The lower proportions of the branched acids in the lipids of these organs were in the range 15–25% of the total fatty acids and related to diets that included 2.5% BCFA and 5% 4-MHD. In contrast to the changes in fatty acid composition of the lipids of the main internal organs, those of the central and peripheral nervous systems were only minor, the proportions of branched acids amounting to some 3% in brain tissue and up to 14% in sciatic nerve. Clearance of branched acids from tissue lipids of the main internal organs was almost complete after the animals were returned to the basal diet for 14 days but the loss of branched acids from nerve tissue was evidently less rapid.     

海水鱼内脏高值化利用的研究现状与发展趋势

近年来,我国海水鱼类捕捞与养殖产业发展快速,海水鱼类加工过程产生的大量副产物,只有小部分作为饲料,大部分被废弃造成环境污染。而海水鱼内脏含有丰富的生物活性肽、酶以及脂质等可以被有效利用的成分,有必要对其进行开发利用。本文综述了近年来国内外学者对海水鱼内脏在生物活性肽如抗氧化肽、抗疲劳肽、抗高血压肽,内脏酶如蛋白酶、超氧化物歧化酶、胆碱酯酶、酸（碱）性磷酸酶,脂质中磷脂、脂肪酸、不皂化的脂质提取工艺与运用方面的研究进展,并对海水鱼内脏今后的高值化开发利用提出建议,以期为海水鱼内脏的高值化利用,促进海水鱼产业的零废弃高值高质加工提供参考。     

Innovations in value-addition of edible meat by-products

While muscle foods are the more commonly consumed portion of an animal, meat by-products such as the entrails and internal organs are also widely consumed. Considered high-priced delicacies or waste material to be tossed away, the use and value of offal-edible and inedible meat by-products depend entirely on the culture and country in question. The skin, blood, bones, meat trimmings, fatty tissues, horns, hoofs, feet, skull, and internal organs of harvested animals comprise a wide variety of products including human or pet food or processed materials in animal feed, fertilizer, or fuel. Industry is using science and innovation to add value to animal by-products far beyond its usual profitability. Regardless of the final product's destination, it is still necessary to employ the most up-to-date and effective tools to analyze these products for nutritional properties, to search for key active molecules in nutrition like bioactive peptides, food safety (antimicrobial peptides), medicine, cosmetics or other fields, to develop new technological applications and to continue innovation towards advanced value-addition of meat by-products.     

Comparative evaluation of the biological availability of dietary and mineral cadmium

Experiments on rats were made to study absorption, distribution in tissues and bioavailability of feed (internal label) and mineral (external label) cadmium-109. It was established that feed cadmium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract 6 times less effective as compared with an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride. In internal label, there takes place more rapid and more complete translocation of cadmium from blood plasma to red cells, whereas it bioavailability for the basic organs of deposition (kidneys, liver) is 5 times as decreased. Possible causes of the events described are discussed.