燃气储罐置换过程的探讨

对燃气储罐的置换方法进行了分析比较，提出了置换过程的具体要求。     

环状燃气管网的天然气置换

该文主要介绍了环状燃气管网天然气置换方式的选择、分析了置换作业的技术性、安全性及置换结果,指出气流引导法是中低压环状管网天然气置换的一种较为安全、经济的方法。     

燃气储罐置换过程的数学分析

对利用惰性气体置换储气罐内的燃气或空气时的置换过程及惰性气体的用量进行了分析，提出了等压置换过程中储气罐内气体浓度的数学表达式及任一储气社会公德只储气罐安全置换所需惰性气体用量和置换时间的计算方法。     

天然气置换线路的确立原则与实践

通过广州燃气管网天然气置换线路方案的介绍,提出了确立天然气置换线路的一般原则和侧重点,有助于科学制定城市燃气管网天然气总体置换方案。     

燃气管道通气点火的安全置换

随着城市燃气管道的覆盖面增大，就城市燃气管道通气点火前置换安全技术做了分析，为解决实际问题提供了参考意见。     

液氮槽车用于煤气柜停柜置换的研究和运用

通过对二种间接置换方案介绍、分析和对比，并以徐州港华燃气有限公司10×10^4m^3干式煤气气柜停柜及升柜二种置换方案为例，介绍说明液氮槽车加汽化器直接用于置换的方法，其创新性、科学性、经济性、实用性、安全性为今后燃气置换提供了新的思路。     

浅析环路燃气管道安全置换

本文主要介绍了环路燃气管线置换方式的选择、置换作业的技术性分析以及安全性分析。     

中燃公司加快天然气置换进度

焦作中燃城市燃气发展有限公司于2005年9月23日开始，对工业东路两侧和东环路以东区域的居民进行天然气置换。从十一开始，该区域的1500余户居民就可以用上清洁、高效的天然气能源了。在天然气置换工作中，除了对用户原有燃气用具进行认真登记、让用户了解置换工作程序和注意事项外，该公司还进行一系列安全严密的置换准备工作和后期防范措施，确保天然气置换万无一失，广大居民可放心使用天然气。     

城市燃气二次置换技术探讨

基于广州市现有燃气系统的特点，提出了采用过渡气源的办法，用天然气分步置换广州城市燃气的新思路。分别设计了过渡气1和过渡气2两种过渡气源，并采用国际流行的AGA法从理论上对过渡气源与现有城市煤气的互换性进行了计算。结果表明两种过渡气都能满足互换，且在相同华白数的时候，过渡气2具有更好的燃烧工况。     

城市燃气的分步置换

提出了一种城市燃气分步置换的新思路及其具体实施办法，在天然气利用工程中有良好的推广应用前景，可以产生显著的经济、环保和社会效益。     

城市燃气输配管道的清管吹扫

介绍了清管吹扫技术在城市燃气输配管道中的应用情况燃气管道的清管吹扫效果。     

天然气门站工艺管道安装技术

天然气门站通常有计量、加臭、过滤等功能,自动化程度较高。工艺流程中包括配管区、进站与出站阀门井等,其中不乏埋地敷管及地面工艺管道。以西安市天然气门站为例,天然气由进站经过三条汇管及其配备的仪表、设备、阀门后出站。文章叙述了门站工艺施工中的材料选用以及设备、管道安装、焊接、法兰安装、钢支座的施工与探伤、吹扫、强度试验、气密性试验、防腐等后续工序。     

真空蒸镀热反射玻璃电清洗工艺研究

分析了蒸镀热反射膜时电清洗玻璃的必要性,提出了在真空室体中设置栅极并加以负高压,采用氩气产生等离子场并用其轰击清洗玻璃表面的方法。实验确定了蒸镀热反射膜（Ｎｉ／Ｃｒ）时的最佳轰击清洗时间。     

Natural gas and CO2 price variation: impact on the relative cost-efficiency of LNG and pipelines

This article develops a formal model for comparing the cost structure of the two main transport options for natural gas: liquefied natural gas (LNG) and pipelines. In particular, it evaluates how variations in the prices of natural gas and greenhouse gas emissions affect the relative cost-efficiency of these two options. Natural gas is often promoted as the most environmentally friendly of all fossil fuels, and LNG as a modern and efficient way of transporting it. Some research has been carried out into the local environmental impact of LNG facilities, but almost none into aspects related to climate change. This paper concludes that at current price levels for natural gas and CO₂ emissions the distance from field to consumer and the volume of natural gas transported are the main determinants of transport costs. The pricing of natural gas and greenhouse emissions influence the relative cost-efficiency of LNG and pipeline transport, but only to a limited degree at current price levels. Because more energy is required for the LNG process (especially for fuelling the liquefaction process) than for pipelines at distances below 9100 km, LNG is more exposed to variability in the price of natural gas and greenhouse gas emissions up to this distance. If the prices of natural gas and/or greenhouse gas emission rise dramatically in the future, this will affect the choice between pipelines and LNG. Such a price increase will be favourable for pipelines relative to LNG.     

Condition-based maintenance decision support system for oil and gas pipelines

The 2013 report card of America's infrastructure has scored the condition of oil and gas pipelines as D+ which means that such pipelines are in a relatively poor condition. More than 10,000 failures have been recorded in the US. These failures have resulted in environmental, health and property damages. Therefore, there is a definite need to give more attention to the maintenance of oil and gas pipelines. This paper develops a comprehensive model for the maintenance planning of oil and gas pipelines. The model selects rehabilitation/repair alternatives for oil and gas pipelines based on their condition during their service life. These alternatives are then used to calculate the cash flow throughout the service life of these infrastructures. The model, which uses Monte Carlo simulation and fuzzy approach to address the uncertainties in the estimation of the maintenance operation costs and the economic parameters, calculates the Equivalent Uniform Annual Worth of the identified alternatives. The optimum maintenance programmes consist of the alternatives that have the lowest life cycle cost of oil and gas pipelines. The model is expected to support pipeline operators in the maintenance decision-making process of oil and gas pipelines.     

地下燃气管道导向钻进非开挖敷设技术

介绍了燃气工程中采用的地下管道导向钻进非开挖敷设技术基本原理、施工工艺及优缺点     

无锡天然气管网的加湿输送技术与效果

文章阐述了旧燃气管网改造时因天然气与人工煤气在组分、输送材料方面的不同所导致的问题,说明了天然气加湿的技术工艺和加湿剂的作用。介绍了无锡在部分旧管网输送天然气时的加湿流程,根据接头泄漏数量的统计,说明了天然气加湿技术的有效性。     

A condition assessment model for oil and gas pipelines using integrated simulation and analytic network process

Even though they are safe and economical transportation means of gas and oil products around the world, pipelines can be subject to failure and degradation generating hazardous consequences and irreparable environmental damages. Therefore, gas and oil pipelines need to be effectively monitored and assessed for optimal and safe operation. Many models have been developed in the last decade to predict pipeline failures and conditions. However, most of these models used corrosion features as the sole factor to assess the condition of pipelines. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to develop a condition assessment model of oil and gas pipelines that considers several factors besides corrosion. The proposed model, which uses both analytic network process and Monte Carlo simulation, considers the uncertainty of the factors affecting pipeline condition and the interdependency relationships between them. The performance of the model was tested on an existing offshore gas pipeline in Qatar and was found to be satisfactory. The model will help pipeline operators to assess the condition of oil and gas pipelines and hence prioritise their inspections and rehabilitation requirements.     

风险评估决策支持模型在实践中的应用

文章从上海燃气管道的现状入手，结合具体工程，提出了燃气风险评估系统模型，并且具体阐述了风险评估的测算与评分，该模型能诊断出燃气管道的状况，做到全面、系统地维护管理，实现燃气管道运行维护管理的科学化。     

基于KPCA-FA-ELM 模型的管道剩余寿命预测

针对管道剩余寿命的预测问题,提出了一种基于KPCA-FA-ELM组合模型的预测方法,对腐蚀管道剩余寿命预测模型的构建方法以及预测模型的性能验证方法进行研究。以我国某油田的回注水管道和油气集输管道为例,对本次研究所提出的管道剩余寿命预测方法进行验证。研究表明：本次研究所提出的KPCA-FA-ELM模型在进行油田注水管道剩余寿命预测过程中,其最小相对误差为0.38%,最大相对误差为6.1%,平均相对误差为2.35%,均方根误差为0.207,希尔不等系数为0.011,在进行油气集输管道剩余寿命预测过程中,其评价指标均小于其他模型,因此,该种模型的性能优于其他常见预测模型。