一种新型反应器——生物气射流循环厌氧流化床的启动与运行特性

A novel anaerobic reactor, jet biogas inter-loop anaerobic fluidized bed (JBILAFB), was designed and constructed. The start-up and performance of the reactor was investigated in the process of artificial glucose waste-water treatment. With the wastewater recycle ratio of 2.5:1, the recycled wastewater with biogas could mix sludge and wastewater in the JBILAFB reactor completely. The start-up of the JBILAFB reactor could be completed in less than 70 d through maintenance of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and stepwise increase of feed total organic carbon (TOC) concentration. After the start-up, with the volumetric TOC loadings of 14.3 kg·m-3·d-1 the TOC removal ra-tio, the effluent pH, and the volatile fatty acids (VFA)/alkalinity of the JBILAFB reactor were more than 80%, close to 7.0 and less than 0.4, respectively. Moreover, CH4 was produced at more than 70% of the theoretical value. The reactor exhibited high stability under the condition of high volumetric TOC loading. Sludge granules in the JBI-LAFB reactor were developed during the start-up and their sizes were enlarged with the stepwise increase of volu-metric TOC loadings from 0.8 kg·m-3·d-1 to 14.3 kg·m-3·d-1. Granules, an offwhite color and a similar spherical shape, were mainly comprised of global-like bacteria. These had good methanogenic activity and settleability,which were formed probably through adhesion of the bacteria. Some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca,Mg, Al, etc. were advantageous to the formation of the granules.     

新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器的启动特性研究

研究了新型浸没式双轴旋转厌氧膜生物反应器(SDR AnMBR)处理模拟啤酒废水的启动特性.讨论了水力停留时间、容积负荷与COD去除率的关系;pH、挥发酸(VFA)和碱度对启动的影响.仅用26d就完成了反应器的启动和污泥的驯化.结果表明,SDRAnMBR系统的耐冲击负荷能力强;COD去除率高于常规厌氧生物反应器,稳定在92%以上;反应器运行稳定,未发生酸化现象;且出水VFA和出水碱度可以在较大的范围变动而不会发生酸化现象.     

Anaerobic Treatment of Leachates in a Pilot-Scale UASB: Strategy of Start-up

The anaerobic digestion of leachates from a solid urban wastes landfill was studied using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor in pilot scale. The strategy of start-up and acclimation was based on gradual substitution of easily biodegradable feed with landfill leachate. All modifications were based on the attainment of 70% COD removal. Having completed the start-up, the kinetics of leachate biodegradation were studied and the values of kinetic parameters were obtained by fitting experimental data to the equation of Chen and Hashimoto. The biodegradability assays indicated that 40–50% of COD in leachate was biodegradable. The highest COD removal was 90–100% if only the biodegradable matter was considered.     

抗生素废水的研究进展

抗生素药品是目前应用最为广泛的药物之一,在其生产过程中所产生的废水具有CODCr浓度高、色度及气味大、硫酸盐浓度高、难于生物降解等特点。文章综述了国内外抗生素工业废水处理的各种工艺及最新动向。     

厌氧流化床反应器的研究现状

综述了厌氧流化床（AFB）在国内外的研究现状，AFB作为现代微生物固定化技术与传质流化技术的产物，讨论了其相关的理论及实际操作问题，分析了反应存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

流化床内垂直向上射流脉动特性的试验研究

本文利用图像处理技术,得到了二维流化床内垂直向上射流深度的时间序列。基于Ｒ／Ｓ分析方法,得到了表征射流脉动强弱的Ｈｕｒｓｔ指数和分数维。研究了流化数、射流初始速度、颗粒平均粒径及静态床层高度对射流脉动特性的影响。结果表明：垂直向上射流的脉动随射流初始速度、流化数、静态床层高度以及颗粒平均粒径的增加而减弱。     

生物气射流内循环厌氧流化床中复杂化工有机废水的催化还原过程

针对集约化化工园区排放的高浓度、高色度、高时变性及难降解性复杂化工废水，自行研制了处理能力为24 m³·d^-1、内置Fe⁰作为生物催化剂的生物气射流内循环厌氧流化床，研究了新型反应器及其工艺对该废水预处理的催化还原过程及运行参数。结果表明：以射流的方式使生物气和废水在反应器内主动循环，使催化剂、活性炭、污泥与废水之间保持良好的接触传质，通过产氢、絮凝和提供营养等方式强化厌氧反应过程。在回流比为2、环境温度为23～34℃及水力停留时间（HRT）为12～24 h的条件下，当进水容积负荷为0. 874～2. 996 kg COD·m^-3·d^-1和色度为250～2000倍时，其COD和色度的平均去除率分别达到26. 2%和70. 8%;出水pH稳定在6～8之间，原废水BOD/COD值由0. 26±0. 04提高到0. 43±0. 03。该新型反应器及工艺在实现部分有机负荷去除的同时明显改善了废水的可生化性，可作为复杂化工有机废水的高效预处理技术。     

射流流化床中锥形分布板对流动的影响

给出了具有锥形分布板的射流流化床中浓密气固两相流动的多相流体力学基本方程组. 采用二维正交曲线坐标并生成了数值网格,用改进的IPSA方法求解二维正交曲线坐标中的多相流基本方程组,并编制了大型通用程序,流场可视化使用Tecplot软件. 对于给定的模拟计算,计算结果与实验值吻合. 模拟计算中改变了锥形筛板的角度、射流管的直径、床层高度、分布板开孔率的分布、射流气速、床层表观气速等,通过模拟得到床内的流动图像,考察了射流高度及颗粒循环的影响.     

三相复合生物流化床反应器处理废水性能研究

提出和设计了一种新型的自充氧式复合生物流化床反应器，将该反应器应用于合成废水的处理，考察了反应器的挂膜以及停留时间、气水比，容积负荷等对COD去除率的影响，研究结果表明，该反应器在处理废水时，停留时间可达2h和1．5h,COD容积负荷提高到8．56和12．63kg/d.m^3，效率比同类反应器高1倍以上，气水比也有所下降，仅为32－34，具有停留时间短，能耗低，是一种高效的新型生物流化床反应器。     

Start-up and Operation of Laboratory-Scale Thermophilic Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors Treating Vegetable Processing Wastewaters

Thermophilic anaerobic treatment of hot vegetable processing wastewaters was studied in laboratory-scale UASB reactors at 55°C. The high-strength wastewater streams, deriving from steam peeling and blanching of carrot, potato and swede were used. The reactors were inoculated with mesophilic granular sludge. Stable thermophilic methanogenesis with about 60% COD removal was reached within 28 days. During the 134 day study period the loading rate was increased up to 24 kg COD m⁻³ day⁻¹. High treatment efficiency of more than 90% COD removal and concomitant methane production of 7·3 m³ CH₄ m⁻³ day⁻¹ were achieved. The anaerobic process performance was not affected by the changes in the wastewater due to the different processed vegetables. The results demonstrated the feasibility of thermophilic anaerobic treatment of vegetable processing wastewaters in UASB reactors. © 1997 SCI.     

外循环厌氧反应器处理含酚废水的启动研究

介绍了外循环厌氧(EC)反应器处理中煤龙化哈尔滨煤化工公司含酚废水的启动运行情况,分析了反应器的启动运行过程以及内部污泥分布的特点。运行第95天,污泥产甲烷活性达到0.55kgCODCH4/(kgVSS.d);运行第100天,进水有机负荷达到6.4kgCOD/(m3.d),COD去除率可高达60%~70%。结果表明,EC厌氧反应器处理有毒有害、难生物降解的含酚废水是可行的,可为后续废水处理的达标排放创造良好的条件。