多冲载荷下激光涂层等截面上应力波特性分析

根据多冲载荷下激光涂层应力波的传播过程研究了涂层全覆盖基体试样在受冲击载荷下的变形情况.首先分析了多冲载荷下激光涂层等截面上弹性应力波的反射与透射的形成,并对弹性应力波的反射系数与透射系数、声阻抗比进行了计算和讨论.结果表明:涂层全覆盖基体的试样在多冲载荷下弹性应力波由激光熔覆涂层到基体的传播周期规律是:压缩波→拉伸波→压缩波→拉伸波…….     

激光冲击波传播特性对E690钢表面微凹坑动态塑性变形的影响

为研究激光冲击次数以及多次冲击过程中冲击波的传播特性对微凹坑动态塑性变形的影响,利用ABAQUS有限元软件分析了应力波在E690高强钢中的传播规律及微凹坑动态塑性应变规律,并设计试验验证了仿真的准确性。结果表明,由冲击压力引起的应力波在材料深度方向的衰减呈现先快后慢的特性,第3次和第4次冲击过程中应力波的衰减速度基本接近。受冲击波动态传播过程中表面波与纵波协同作用的影响,微凹坑表面塑性变形深度整体呈现沿光斑中心径向向四周递减,对比冲击1~4次后微凹坑深度方向塑性变形的测试结果与模拟结果,最大误差为4.80%,仿真模型准确可靠。同时,多次冲击后表面硬度增加趋势变缓,4次冲击后微凹坑表面出现硬化饱和现象。     

高a值加速度传感器标定方法的理论探讨与分析

从理论上探讨了标定高ａ值加速度传感器的方法,用一端受轴向冲南听等截面均匀细杆产生的应力波作为标定加速度传感器的冲击脉冲,由理论推导出自由杆的一端加速度和杆上的应变关系。在杆的这一端安装加速度传感器,就可对传感器进行标定。     

激光熔覆涂层在多冲载荷下的应力波特性

应用应力波理论对激光涂层零件在多冲冲击载荷下的应力传播过程进行了试验研究.结果表明:涂层全覆盖基体的试样在多冲载荷下弹性应力波由激光熔覆涂层到基体的传播周期规律是:压缩波→拉伸波→压缩波→拉伸波:涂层的撞击速度和所受到的力成规律性的减小.     

2024铝合金薄板激光冲击波加载的实验研究

采用高功率激光束单次冲击3种厚度(1.3 mm,1.7 mm,2.1 mm)的2024铝合金薄板靶材,利用STSS-1应力检测模块采集靶材背面应变片的动态与静态应变信号,并用XRD技术检测了靶材表面残余应力.建立了2024铝合金薄板靶材激光冲击波加载模型,并利用该模型描述了靶材内部应力波结构及传播规律,解释了冲击区域残余拉应力产生的原因.结果表明,激光冲击2024铝合金薄板靶材时,激光诱导的冲击波和约束层对冲击波的反射波透射到靶材内部各部位的应力波具有不同的特性和强度变化规律.激光功率密度远超出2024铝合金最佳激光功率密度范围和靶材厚度较薄这2个条件同时存在是冲击区域残余拉应力产生的根源所在.     

冲击波动态传播特性对激光喷丸残余应力场的影响

以TC4钛合金为研究对象,基于Johnson-Cook本构模型,分析了高应变率效应对激光喷丸过程中塑性波波速的影响。通过三维有限元方法模拟了不同作用参数激光喷丸诱导冲击波的传播过程,探讨了多次激光喷丸作用后残余压应力饱和现象的产生机理及利用该效应获得均匀表面残余压应力的方法。结果表明:高应变率效应对激光喷丸作用过程中塑性波速度有显著影响,塑性波的速度与所产生的塑性应变呈反比关系。功率密度越大,初始产生的塑性应变越大,塑性波速度越小,冲击波能量衰减越快,冲击波压力幅值降低越快;相同激光喷丸功率密度,随着作用次数的增加,产生的塑性应变逐渐减小,塑性波速度增大,冲击波压力衰减变缓,使激光喷丸诱导的残余压应力逐渐增大;作用次数达到3~4次时,衰减过程基本相似,诱导的残余压应力增幅不大,作用效果基本达到饱和。利用多次激光喷丸作用产生的饱和效应,当激光光斑搭接率超过50%时,即可使搭接区域作用次数达到3次及以上,使激光喷丸作用效果达到饱和,可获得均匀的表面残余压应力。     

爆炸荷载下泡沫铝复合材料数值模拟

随着武器科技的发展,冲击波对掩体内部人员的伤害已经不能忽视。研发了新型自制泡沫铝复合材料,并通过实验得出泡沫铝复合材料的应力-应变曲线,采用数值模拟,对泡沫铝复合材料在爆炸荷载下,其抗冲击缓冲特性进行研究。结果表明,冲击波在泡沫铝复合材料中传播时,显示出明显的衰减特性和良好的吸能性。泡沫铝复合材料可作为新型抗冲击缓冲材料和结构简化。     

基于正交切削模型的铣削加工残余应力预测方法

提出了一种基于正交切削模型的铣削加工残余应力预测方法.针对直齿圆柱铣刀建立了铣削加工的平面应变有限元模型,并通过分段曲线限定不同温度下应力与应变间的关系,详细表明材料的加工硬化规律.有限元模型采用相关的实验数据进行了验证.在铣削用量确定的前提下,通过对航空铝合金70507451进行加工模拟,研究了直齿圆柱铣刀前角对已加工表面残余应力的影响.     

铝合金6061的热变形力学行为与微观组织演化规律

对于具有柱状晶的铝合金6061进行了圆柱体热压缩实验研究。通过实验获得了该种材料在不同温度不同应变速率条件下的真应力-应变曲线以及动态再结晶和晶粒细化的规律。应用峰值应力的实验结果计算出了该材料热变形过程的激活能,计算了每个实验条件的Z参数,得到了铝合金6061的热变形过程以及动态再结晶过程的主要特征变量作为Z参数的函数表达式。结果表明,当Z参数等于2×1026/s时热压缩实验过程动态再结晶引起的晶粒细化效果最好。     

高速压制成形粉末流动过程的格子Boltzmann方法数值模拟

根据高速压制工艺过程的特点,底部和侧面边界采用反弹与反射的混合格式,顶部通过改变分布函数构造能模拟动态压制过程的边界格式。利用粉体的初始密度和压制最大理想密度建立一个动态的松弛函数来代替格子Boltzmann方法的固定松弛时间。对圆柱体及单级台阶的圆柱体模具的高速压制成形过程进行二维数值模拟,直观显示压制过程中粉末的流动以及应力波的形成与传播过程。模拟结果表明:模具形状对应力波的波形有较大影响;压制完成后,圆柱体压坯最大密度差为12 mg/cm3,密度分布均匀且左右对称,压坯顶部和底部密度较中间部分密度稍大,与实验结果基本相似;圆柱体压坯中存在密度较低的横向窄带区域,揭示成形坯有可能形成分层或断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。