大型液压轧机轧制薄板异常振动及振纹研究

对F3轧机异常振动信号及薄板振纹进行了研究,结果表明F3轧机主传动轴发生扭振,其固有频率为20.5Hz。由薄板振纹反演出轧机工作辊的振动频率为51Hz,此频率与工作辊水平振动的基频相吻合。通过倒频谱分析,得出50Hz附近的边频是由F3工作辊转频调制而成。     

高频微振辅助工艺对激光焊接接头组织性能的影响

基于自主搭建的高频微振平台，进行316L不锈钢振动辅助激光焊接试验，探究高频微振激光焊接工艺对接头组织性能的影响. 结果表明，施加振动后，焊缝表面无飞溅，成形良好. 截面未出现塌陷、堆高，背部熔宽均匀. 振动的施加，能够明显细化焊缝区的晶粒，在共振频率1 467.5 Hz的高频微振激光焊条件下，晶粒尺寸最小. 点状颗粒物分布在奥氏体晶粒间，趋于弥散，新相及大颗粒物减少. 随着振动频率增加，焊缝区显微硬度值跟着增加，在较高共振频率显微硬度值增加显著，在共振频率1 467.5 Hz、加速度160 m/s2条件下，焊缝区平均硬度206 HV，与无振动相比，硬度值增加5.6%.     

钢丝绳声发射信号传播特性分析

针对钢丝绳断丝缺陷的在役动态监测需要,提出采用COMSOL软件对钢丝绳的声发射检测信号传播特性进行研究。首先建立钢丝绳结构模型,然后模拟不同频率、不同位置的断丝声发射信号在结构中的传播过程,获得不同位置的信号位移场及能量变化,最后根据导波理论,采用模态特征曲线结合小波变换分析不同类型声发射源的特征频率与模态成分。结果表明:声发射信号传播过程中,对于不同频率和激发方向的声发射源,其主要模态成分和特征频率的差异较大,可根据不同位置的时频分析结果,结合理论频散曲线判别声发射源信号的主要模态特征,并确定结构中声发射源的不同振动方向与中心频率。该研究结果可为钢丝绳损伤声发射检测提供理论参考依据。     

径向振动匹配层换能器的设计参数及模态优化

设计基于匹配层外壳的径向振动换能器,分析匹配层材料、换能器直径、压电振子厚度对换能器模态振型的影响,并结合设计频率下最佳模态振型优化换能器设计参数。结果表明:树脂基匹配层显著提高换能器在空气介质中的发射效率。随着换能器直径减小、压电振子厚度增加,径向振动换能器激振效率提高。优化的换能器直径为100 mm,压电振子厚度为10 mm,在第三阶谐振频率为34 729 Hz时,可实现高效率、高质量振动辅助研磨加工。      

工件底孔直径对冷挤压内螺纹振动信号的影响

通过研究不同工件底孔直径下冷挤压内螺纹的振动信号，并对其在时域、频域及时频域上的分析，研究了在不同工件底孔直径下，冷挤压内螺纹振动信号的变化规律，进而从振动信号方面解释不同工件底孔直径对冷挤压内螺纹的影响。研究结果表明，随着工件底孔直径的增大，振动信号的振动幅值相继减小，振动信号的频率从高频向低频移动，振动信号能量主要分布在625～1250Hz范围，且振动信号的总能量不断减小。     

三环式内平动齿轮减速器振动信号的处理与分析

以三环式内平动齿轮减速器为研究对象,采用现代振动信号分析处理的理论方法,对不同转速下采集到的振动加速度信号进行分析,得到了时域参数、自相关函数、功率谱密度函数以及系统的前十阶固有频率。结果表明随着运转速度的增加振动幅度越来越大,且X、Y轴方向上的振动幅度大于Z轴方向上的振动幅度;系统的主要振动频率约在17 Hz、19 Hz、21 Hz和23 Hz处。     

异种钢接头热影响区裂纹扩展声发射特征信号分析

文中以P92钢与Ni基焊材焊接热影响区为研究对象,通过采集紧凑拉伸试验过程中异种钢接头热影响区启裂及裂纹扩展的声发射特性信号,分析裂纹扩展的声发射信号幅值、频率分布、能量及振铃计数等特征参数,同时分析声发射特征信号与断口形貌之间的对应关系。结果表明：裂纹扩展声发射信号均为突发型信号,频率主要集中在50～200 kHz;裂纹稳定扩展的声发射信号具有平均幅值较低、总能量和振铃计数率参数变化平缓的特点;裂纹失稳扩展的声发射信号具有平均幅值较高、总能量和振铃计数率参数呈瞬时增加的特点;裂纹稳定扩展阶段的声发射特征信号与韧性断口特征相对应;裂纹失稳扩展阶段的声发射特征信号与准解理断裂或解理断裂特征相对应。     

基于同步提取变换的旋转机械振动信号时频分析北大核心

为提升工业现场采集摩擦故障振动信号时频分辨率,采用小波变换、短时傅里叶变换、同步挤压变换和同步提取变换(SET)4种时频分析算法对多分量仿真信号和旋转机械的摩擦故障振动信号进行时频分析,并对同步提取变换算法原理进行详细介绍。通过实验与其他3种算法Renyi熵值进行比较。结果表明:针对多分量仿真信号,利用SET算法可有效去除能量发散现象、混叠和端点效应,与原始多分量仿真信号的真实时频谱一致,在时间分辨率和频率分辨率上均实现了最优;针对现场摩擦故障振动信号,利用SET可以很好地抑制摩擦故障信号中的背景噪声,得到的时频图时频聚焦性较好,同时能量发散情况得到极大改善,在时频图中可以清晰地看出摩擦故障信号对应的频率。     

SPCC钢动态摩擦与塑性变形声发射信号对比分析

金属板材在塑性加工中不可避免产生摩擦。利用声发射技术检测塑性加工的摩擦状况。以SPCC钢在单向拉伸与相对运动速度为100mm/min、正压力为7.5 kg的动态摩擦过程产生的声发射信号为研究对象,采用参数关联分析方法对两种信号进行了对比分析。试验结果表明,在相同采集的条件下有①摩擦声发射幅度与拉伸声发射幅度相差不大。②幅度相同时的摩擦声发射能量值比拉伸过程产生的声发射能量值要大得多;而摩擦声发射振铃计数值却小于拉伸声发射振铃计数值。③动态摩擦过程产生的声发射信号的持续时间在从很低到8 000μs这一范围;而拉仲过程声发射信号的持续时间一般低于5 800μs,仅当出现裂纹或断裂时才出现更高的持续时间的声发射信号。     

基于DPCA的涡旋压缩机主轴故障信号调制特性研究

为了揭示涡旋压缩机的振动和噪声的机制与调制特性,通过搭建实验平台,模拟主轴磨损故障。利用信号解调方法对振动及噪声信号特性进行讨论,探究此类故障对涡旋压缩机的影响。通过与循环平稳分析方法对比,验证了基于时频分析与主成分分析(DPCA)的信号解调方法处理涡旋压缩机信号的优越性。利用DPCA方法提取涡旋压缩机的信号调制特征,讨论了不同工况下的信号特性及产生机制。结果表明：周期性变化的电磁力与压力增强了主成分中调制频率的幅值, x 和 y 方向的振动对噪声的变化起主导作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.