液力减速器液压控制阀的三维流场数值模拟

建立了某型液力减速器液压控制阀的三维几何模型,基于RANS方程和标准的k-ε湍流模型,采用非结构网格,用SIMPLE算法对该液压阀在不同开度下的三维内流流场进行了CFD数值模拟分析,得到了在不同开度下液压阀内流体的压力和流速的变化规律,并对数值模拟的结果进行后处理,得到了液流作用在阀板上的力矩,对液力减速器的液压控制系统的设计具有一定的参考价值.     

低压密封性能检测回路中溢流安全阀设计

根据煤矿用户对支护装备故障的统计与反馈,当液压系统部分液压阀在低压状态下,出现慢泄漏现象的频次较高。为了适应煤矿井下对液压阀等元件的应急抢修,以确保工作面支护安全,设计一种体积小,便于地面和井下搬运、安装的检测设备。其中,在低压密封性能检测回路中溢流安全阀是其关键组成元件之一。分析现有的直动型溢流阀原理、结构,对其阀芯、阀座、阀体等进行创新性设计,使其在一定压力范围内保持良好的密封性。通过试验验证,溢流安全阀在2 MPa压力下密封可靠,达到矿用液压元件低压密封性能的检测标准。     

铝合金液压阀岛中溢流阀结构设计和静态特性计算

分析溢流阀在铝合金液压阀岛中的作用及其设计时须考虑的参数;根据铝合金液压阀岛的要求确定溢流阀为直动式,通过对直动式溢流阀工作原理的分析及其各种结构的性能比较,确定阀芯结构为锥形。计算了溢流阀的通径d、阀芯与阀套之间的间隙Δr和锥阀锥角α等主要几何尺寸以及在最高调定压力p1max下阀芯额定开口量x10、液压卡紧力FK和阀的弹簧刚度K1及预压缩量x0,为溢流阀的设计提供参考。     

阀芯端面角度对低压安全阀全开流量的影响

采用CFD计算和试验方法研究了阀芯端面角度对低压安全阀全开流量的影响。结果表明:低压安全阀安装阀芯1 (阀芯端面角度为30°)时全开流量大,而安装阀芯2 (阀芯端面角度为15°)时低压安全阀全开流量偏小。流场分析表明,在阀芯开口相同的情况下,低压安全阀安装阀芯2比安装阀芯1全开流量减小10%。     

板状阀芯旋转式四通换向阀

设计一种新型板状阀芯旋转式四通换向阀,介绍其工作原理和阀口特征,对该液压转阀的静态特性、受力情况和频响特性进行详细分析。研究结果表明:该液压转阀结构新颖,轴向液动力小,过流面积和旋转阀芯角位移严格呈正比,线性度好,增益恒定;调整合适的阻尼系数可以兼顾转阀工作的稳定性和快速性。     

低压透平电液调节系统的建模及仿真研究

以某种低压透平电液调节系统为例,分析其多级放大结构的耦合特点,以及应用伺服随动反馈控制先导级滑阀阀口和主滑阀阀口开度变化的机制,建立该系统的数学模型,并采用MATLAB/Simulink对其进行仿真。搭建低压透平电液调节系统试验台,试验结果表明:利用该模型获得的试验结果与仿真结果吻合性较好,验证了该数学模型的正确性和可行性;适当减小主阀芯弹簧刚度以及油缸有效面积,可在不影响稳态输出精度条件下,明显提升低压大流量系统的动态响应速度;减小先导阀弹簧刚度,可在响应速度不变的条件下,减小对控制油压的响应时间,使静态输出特性曲线零位死区减小;给出了能提高系统动态响应速度的优化参数取值。研究成果可为低压大流量伺服控制系统的设计及优化提供参考。     

某航空液电阀主密封结构密封性能分析及优化

针对液电阀阀芯处密封结构，采用组合式密封结构的设计思路，通过压缩波簧提供预紧力和补偿力。建立密封结构数值模型，对液电阀动密封面的接触应力和转动摩擦力矩进行分析。根据不同的影响因素模拟动密封面间的接触应力分布以及峰值接触应力的变化情况，通过施加流体压力，研究各因素对液电阀转动摩擦力矩的影响规律。设计正交试验并进行直观分析和方差分析，确定最优密封结构。结果显示：优化后主密封副间接触应力增大，转动摩擦力矩减小，有效提升了主密封结构的密封性能。     

液压截止阀芯的选材分析

液压截止阀芯在装配时需滚压凹槽,该部位硬度要求低,否则易出现滚压开裂;而要求液压阀阀芯在承受45MPa的油压下有良好的耐磨性,同时要求阀芯心部有较好的强韧性,以确保阀芯的使用寿命。为满足以上要求,通过试验选择新材料、开发新的热处理工艺,并借助于台架试验,找到了满足阀芯使用要求的阀芯材料和开发了相应的热处理工艺。     

新型直接驱动伺服阀的稳态液动力分析

本文基于一类转动式阀芯的直接驱动伺服阀的结构及其工作原理,推导了这种阀在工作时阀芯所受到的稳态液动力的数学表达式,并进行了计算,得出了一些有用的结论,这些结论对于阀结构的优化设计,阀芯驱动机构的选择设计及伺服阀特性的分析具有很好的指导作用。     

拧紧力矩和热应力对螺纹插装阀的影响分析

在分析螺纹插装阀整体结构和工作原理的基础上,建立螺纹插装阀阀套与阀芯间隙变化量在拧紧力矩和热应力作用下的理论计算模型,通过理论计算分析其间隙的变化规律,同时结合有限元分析结果对计算模型进行初步验证。结果表明:该计算模型可以用于分析螺纹插装阀在热应力下的使用性能,对螺纹插装阀的设计使用具有一定的指导意义。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.