基于Beer-Lambert理论与人工神经网络的混合荧光粉发射光谱预测

本文针对由钇铝石榴石基、硅基氮氧化物和氮化物混合制备的三元高显色荧光粉体系,采用修正Lambert-Beer模型结合BP（Back Propagation, BP）人工神经网络的方法实现了任意比例混合荧光粉体系的发射光谱预测。首先,通过修正Lambert-Beer模型计算出三种荧光粉以任意比例混合后的发射光谱比例系数;其次,采用BP人工神经网络对比例系数进行训练和预测;最后,实现三种荧光粉混合后发射光谱的预测并通过实验测量验证。研究结果表明：（1）比例系数预测值与理论计算值之间的误差可以控制在5%以内;（2）通过BP神经网络预测的发射光谱图谱与试验测量图谱符合程度较好,两者的均方根误差RMSE和色度差异Δxy较小,平均值分别为0.019和0.0016。     

基于Lambert-Beer理论与人工神经网络的混合荧光粉发射光谱预测

针对由钇铝石榴石基、硅基氮氧化物和氮化物混合制备的三元高显色荧光粉体系,采用修正Lambert-Beer模型结合BP(back propagation,BP)人工神经网络的方法实现了任意比例混合荧光粉体系的发射光谱预测。首先,通过修正Lambert-Beer模型计算出3种荧光粉以任意比例混合后的发射光谱比例系数;其次,采用BP人工神经网络对比例系数进行训练和预测;最后,实现3种荧光粉混合后发射光谱的预测并通过实验测量验证。研究结果表明:比例系数预测值与理论计算值之间的误差可以控制在5%以内;通过BP神经网络预测的发射光谱图谱与试验测量图谱符合程度较好,两者的均方根误差RMSE和色度差异Δxy较小,平均值分别为0.019和0.0016。     

超声辐照对碳纳米管增强环氧树脂黏度和力学性能的影响

采用超声辐照处理多壁碳纳米管增强环氧树脂复合材料,分析了超声辐照条件对复合材料的黏度、力学性能及拉伸断口显微形貌的影响。结果表明:温度一定时,多壁碳纳米管增强环氧树脂体系的黏度随超声辐照时间的延长而逐渐降低;超声辐照时间为5min时,环氧树脂的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、拉伸剪切强度达到最大值,较处理前分别提高了37%,167%和86%;经超声辐照后,拉伸断口形貌显示出更多的韧性断裂特征。     

超声表面滚压对管线钢裂纹尖端应力场的影响分析

建立含裂纹缺陷四点弯和超声表面滚压加工的耦合三维有限元模型,使用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了四点弯及超声表面滚压加工过程.分析了超声滚压加工前后四点弯试样三维静态裂纹的张开角度、位移、裂纹尖端应力场和J积分变化规律,讨论了超声表面滚压加工抑制裂纹扩展的机理.结果表明,超声滚压处理后,四点弯试样表层裂纹发生闭合,内部裂纹张开角度和位移明显小于未进行超声滚压处理的试样;USRP处理后裂纹尖端的拉应力降低,且距离超过裂纹尖端0.06 mm的应力由拉应力转变为压应力;USRP处理的位置处J积分数值显著减小,裂纹扩展倾向降低.     

超声表面滚压对管线钢裂纹尖端应力场的影响

建立含裂纹缺陷四点弯和超声表面滚压加工的耦合三维有限元模型,使用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟了四点弯及超声表面滚压加工过程.分析了超声滚压加工前后四点弯试样三维静态裂纹的张开角度、位移、裂纹尖端应力场和J积分变化规律,讨论了超声表面滚压加工抑制裂纹扩展的机理.结果表明,超声滚压处理后,四点弯试样表层裂纹发生闭合,内部裂纹张开角度和位移明显小于未进行超声滚压处理的试样;USRP处理后裂纹尖端的拉应力降低,且距离超过裂纹尖端0.06 mm的应力由拉应力转变为压应力;USRP处理的位置处J积分数值显著减小,裂纹扩展倾向降低.     

金属氢化物镍电池的负极表面处理

MH/Ni电池内压过高导致安全隐患,所以采取对负极片进行表面处理来降低MH/Ni电池的内压.对负极片进行表面处理的关键是浸胶胶液配方及涂抹胶液的均匀程度,特别是负极片表面的碳颗粒是否会迁移到隔膜和电解液中.负极浸胶的胶液主要是将水、SBR、Ni粉、导电碳黑等按一定的比例配比混合均匀而成.通过对比试验,测试内压、容量等性能,发现使用C配方(SBR:H2O:碳黑:Ni=1.5:30:30:1.5)的电池内压最低,内压介于0.58～0.76 MPa之间,达到了降低内压的预期效果,且电池的其它性能也不错.     

固液混合铸造Al-10Mn合金坯料的挤压

采用固液混合铸造技术制备了Al-10Mn合金坯料,将坯料进行热挤压加工,研究了加热温度对挤压加工的影响及传统铸造、固液混合铸造以及固液混合铸造坯料的热挤压加工制备的Al-10Mn合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:固液混合铸造合金的析出相细小、均匀、圆整,抗拉强度提高到130 MPa,热挤压后合金的抗拉强度增加到181 MPa;当坯料加热温度为600℃时,挤压加工的合金具有最好的力学性能和较为均匀的显微组织;当坯料加热温度为570℃时,坯料则不能顺利挤出;而当坯料加热温度高于610℃时,合金力学性能大幅降低。     

工业纯锆焊接接头组织性能

采用钨极氩弧焊技术焊接工业纯锆R60702,对焊接接头分别进行300℃和550℃退火处理。用挂片失重法测定了接头在醋酸+2%KI+200 ppm NaCl混合介质中的腐蚀率,分析了试样腐蚀后表面形貌及腐蚀机理。结果表明:在醋酸混合介质中,接头的耐蚀性较母材优异;随腐蚀液浓度的增大,温度升高,焊后未热处理、经300℃退火处理和550℃退火处理三种状态下接头腐蚀率均呈增大趋势;在腐蚀液浓度、温度一定的条件下,焊后不经过处理、经300℃退火处理和550℃退火处理接头的腐蚀率依次增大;母材和接头在醋酸+2%KI+200 ppm NaCl混合介质中的腐蚀方式为点蚀。     

pL级微量胶液转移分配过程的路径规划方法研究

针对pL级微量胶液转移分配过程中,移液针重复行程较多、作业效率低下的问题,通过机器视觉和改进后的遗传-蚁群算法精准快速地规划路径,提高微量胶液转移分配的效率。搭建了包括机器视觉系统、胶液分配系统和驱动控制系统在内的胶液转移实验平台。通过对采集图像的既定点位进行模板匹配得到相应位置信息,基于位置信息进行路径规划实验并将此算法与常见算法进行比较,观察其能否精确、快速地规划微量胶液转移分配的路径。实验结果表明：通过机器视觉和改进后的遗传-蚁群算法,移液针转移后形成的胶滴体积达到pL级,胶滴平均直径为68.6 μm,且准确落在既定点位上,其工作行程缩短了67.9%,作业时间大幅度降低,可有效提高pL级微量胶液转移分配的工作效率。     

高可靠性陶瓷部件胶态注射成型关键技术及装备

结合注射成型和凝胶注模成型技术的优点,发明了陶瓷胶态注射成型技术,实现了水基非塑性浆料的注射成型,并研制了胶态注射成型机,实现了浆料先分储后混合,能连续化自动注射成型.结果表明:通过调节工艺中的各项参数和添加适当的助剂,可以实现陶瓷浆料的可控固化;加入应力缓释剂调节高分子网络结构,能有效降低坯体中的内应力,制备出大尺寸陶瓷部件;利用胶态注射成型技术与设备,不仅能实现规模化大批量生产,而且产品具有较高的可靠性,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。