织构设计对润滑脂密封副密封特性影响的数值模拟

目的 探究织构设计对润滑脂密封副密封性能的影响规律,得到织构化设计的最佳结构参数和工况条件。方法 基于润滑脂Herschel-Bulkley流变模型和非接触机械密封原理,选择直线型沟槽织构建立端面密封模型。采用数值模拟方法分析不同倾斜角和转速下密封间隙的流场规律,进一步对密封副泄漏量的影响因素进行系统探究。结果 倾斜角不同,泄漏量随转速的变化规律不同。倾斜角为30°时,泄漏量随转速的提升而增大;倾斜角为35°时,泄漏量较小,且随转速变化不大;倾斜角为40°,且转速大于2 000 r/min时,泄漏量几乎为0;倾斜角大于等于45°,且转速大于1 000 r/min时,流体反向泵送,无泄漏。密封间隙和介质初始温度是影响泄漏的主要因素,泄漏量随密封间隙和介质温度的增大而增大。一定范围内,增加沟槽数量和长度也可减少泄漏。最佳织构参数和工况条件为倾斜角40°,槽数14,槽长8 mm,槽宽1.5 mm,密封间隙0.03 mm,槽深0.07 mm,温度小于320 K,转速大于2 000 r/min。结论 织构设计能有效抑制流体端面泄漏,润滑脂非牛顿特性对密封副间隙流场有显著影响,后续润滑脂密封副设计...     

间隙密封液压缸的UDF有限元分析

应用Fluent软件中的UDF方法,对间隙密封伺服液压缸进行动态仿真,并通过编程对温度、压力与液压油黏度之间的关系进行定义,分析了活塞周期运动过程中,温黏,压黏对液压缸间隙流场的影响。结果表明:间隙流场中流体的平均温度逐渐升高使得黏度发生变化;温度升高时,液压油黏度降低,流体阻力减小,液压降减小,反之液压降增大;黏度不断降低,间隙泄漏量会不断升高,但泄漏量增加的速度会逐渐变慢,最终达到一种稳定的状态;当黏度变化时,间隙流场内壁面壁面摩擦力大小随时间逐渐增大,当液压缸运行到一定时间,内壁面壁面摩擦力大小都将趋于稳定状态。     

基于Fluent的液压密封流体膜压力精确化研究

针对液压密封,密封区域流体膜压力不等于密封压力而导致对油液泄漏量研究有误差和对密封圈密封性能的研究因素考虑不足的情况,从密封圈的密封机制出发研究流体膜压力。基于Fluent中的层流模型Laminar,建立密封圈受到油液压力时的流体膜模型,对密封圈在静密封和动密封2种密封形式下进行有限元分析,得出密封区域的精确压力分布。对比分析了泄漏量的理论计算结果以及用流体膜压力代替密封压力后的修正数值计算结果。结果表明:用流体膜压力代替密封压力计算得到的泄漏量更加准确,误差更小;流体膜压力受密封压力和活塞杆运动速度影响,泄漏量与密封件所受密封压力、活塞杆运动速度成正比,活塞杆运动速度对流体膜压力和泄漏量的影响更大。流体膜精确压力的获得为密封圈密封性能的研究提供了参考,为获得其准确的密封机制奠定了一定基础。     

液压往复密封泄漏量的有限元分析

利用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立了O形密封圈的轴对称有限元模型,分析其动态密封能力,得到主密封面接触应力的分布规律;讨论不同的压缩率、材料摩擦因数以及工作压力对其动态密封能力的影响。结果表明:随着压缩率的增加,泄漏量相应减少;选择合适的材料可以有效减少泄漏量;在低压工作时,动态密封的泄漏量随工作压力的增加呈现出先增大后减小且趋于一常数的趋势。     

基于ANSYS的不同温度环境Y型圈密封分析

作者运用ANASYS软件,模拟计算了Y型密封圈在不同的温度和工作压力下的密封性能,研究结果表明:当油液的密封压力增大时,环境温度越低,最大剪切应力增大幅度越大,最大接触应力的增大幅度越小,更容易破坏和泄漏.     

基于渗透边界的O形组合圈密封特性研究

为准确研究高压柱塞副O形组合密封圈的密封特性,考虑流体向密封接触区渗透对接触压力的影响,基于逐点比较法提出了综合渗透与非接触边界的数值仿真方法,研究高压流体作用下O形组合密封圈的接触压力与von Mises应力分布。进一步讨论不同预压缩量与流体压力下O形组合密封结构参数对其密封性能的影响。分析结果表明:综合渗透边界与非接触边界的分析方法具有较高的可靠性,试验对比误差为2.9%～4.3%;随着O形圈预压缩量增大,主接触压力与密封长度明显增大,而内部von Mises应力与侧接触压力的变化较小;随着流体压力的增大,O形圈von Mises应力与主、侧接触压力均明显增大,但密封长度的变化较小。此外,组合密封挡圈应用于高压柱塞副可有效避免O形圈局部应力集中,挡圈接触压力随流体压力的增大而增大,但明显小于O形圈主接触压力,仅起辅助密封作用。研究结果为高压柱塞副动密封结构设计与优化提供了依据。     

基于CFD偏置迷宫密封泄漏特性研究

为了探究偏置状态迷宫密封的泄漏特性,使用ICEM CFD软件对迷宫密封水体模型进行结构化网格划分,并选择标准k-ε湍流模型,以不可压缩流体为工作介质对不同偏心率的迷宫密封进行了数值模拟计算,分析了不同间隙和压比对偏置迷宫密封泄漏特性的影响。结果表明:迷宫密封在偏心率不变的情况下,密封泄漏量随着节流间隙的增大而增加;密封泄漏量随着压比的增大而增加,且在高压比工况下,泄漏量随偏心率的变化更加明显。     

不锈钢基板表面粗糙度对水膜吸附夹持的影响

目的从水膜吸附的功能研究出发,对不锈钢基板表面进行不同粗糙度处理,并测量不同基板对蓝宝石晶片的吸附力以及切向摩擦力的影响,从而得出粗糙度对水膜吸附效果的影响规律。方法通过砂纸打磨、研磨、抛光等方法,得到不同平均粗糙度(Sa=633.4、332.6、116.2、64.5、41.4nm)的不锈钢基板。利用接触角计对液滴在基板表面形成的静态接触角进行拍摄,得出不同粗糙度不锈钢表面的润湿性能。开发设计高精度的多维力测量平台,测量蓝宝石晶片在不同粗糙度不锈钢基板上润湿后的吸附力和切向摩擦力,并与未润湿的基板得到的测量结果进行对比研究,得出粗糙度对吸附力和摩擦系数的影响规律。结果5种粗糙度的不锈钢基板的静态接触角均小于90°,属于亲水性材料。水膜吸附条件下,吸附力大小随粗糙度的增加而减小;接触角大小随粗糙度的增加而增大,且吸附力的减小率和接触角的增大率趋势相似;摩擦系数随粗糙度的增大而增大。基板表面粗糙度较大时,水膜提供一定的粘滞力,使水膜吸附条件下比无水膜时的切向摩擦力更大;当粗糙度较小时,水膜更多的是润滑作用,此时比无水膜时的切向摩擦力要小得多。结论基板表面粗糙度较小时,基板能提供较大的吸附力,而摩擦力不如无水膜时的大;基板粗糙度较大时,吸附力相对较弱,但是摩擦力比无水膜的更大。在选择不锈钢基板作为水膜吸附夹持基板时,在保证足够吸附力的条件下,可以适当提高基板的表面粗糙度,抵抗晶片抛光过程中受到抛光垫的摩擦力。     

液压缸组合密封性能仿真与参数优化研究

通过改变伺服液压缸组合密封的结构型式,建立两种密封圈的仿真模型,利用ANSYS Workbench软件在静密封状态下,探究介质压力、压缩率、接触的摩擦因数对伺服液压缸密封性能的影响,并以密封圈最大Von-Mises应力和接触面最大接触压力作为密封性能的判定依据;而在动密封状态下建立泄漏量和启动压力动态特性的数学模型,并以二者数值大小作为密封性能的判定依据,从而优化密封圈的组成结构参数。结果表明:在静密封状态下,当改变其中任一参数时含有工字形圈的液压缸的最大Von-Mises应力和接触面最大接触压力明显优于含有O形圈的液压缸;而在动密封状态中,随着介质压力增加,两种模型的液压缸泄漏量不断减少,启动压力不断增加,并且含有工字形圈的液压缸泄漏量更少,表明工字形圈的密封性能优于O形圈的密封性能。而研究的工字形圈组合的格莱圈可为液压缸设计人员提供参考。     

Yx橡胶密封圈密封性能研究

本文应用有限元法,按照国家标准建立了Yx密封圈的平面应变有限元模型,进行了预压缩和工作压力的模拟计算,得到了Yx密封圈的变形规律和密封性能判据Ratio值的变化规律.计算表明,Yx密封圈的低压密封效果要优于高压,在进行密封结构的设计时,应将Yx密封圈放置在低压侧,有利于提高使用寿命和密封性能.重点进行了低压状态下密封性能的细化计算,并引入了变形速率的概念,对低液体压力下,其下唇口最大接触压力的变化进行了分析.计算表明,低压下,下唇口最大接触压力出现了两个分界点,第一个分界点是Yx密封圈下唇口接触尖端的点接触变形到线接触变形的转折点,第二个分界点是下唇口线接触变形速率值最大的转折点,该转折点处的最大液体压力为1.3MPa.通过对Yx密封圈下唇口在不同液体工作压力下接触线长度的计算,得出了Yx密封圈最佳工作压力为3.7～4.2MPa,液体压力超过4.2MPa,其下唇口接触线长度将阶跃式增大到接近最大值,这对密封件的使用寿命不利.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。