细长轴切削的非线性系统动力稳定性分析

为了研究细长轴切削过程中的振动特征以及稳定性,运用轴承转子非线性分析理论研究非线性滚动轴承力和非线性切削力作用下的系统稳定性及失稳分叉规律.建立了非线性切削力模型和细长轴的有限元分析模型.通过周期解、Poincar(e)截面映射图确定系统的运动特性.经过计算,系统的失稳分叉方式是同步周期解经Hopf型伪周期分叉产生伪周期解.与空转情况相比,切削状态下的细长轴分又点转速下降近80%,且其分叉点转速范围较窄.在系统参数中,稳定性规律对转轴长径比和轴承刚度的变化比较敏感.通过双主轴驱动的细长轴切削实验可以得出,失稳前后系统的频率变化特征和运动形态与计算结果一致.为提高切削稳定性,失稳颤振的预测和监测提供理论依据.     

冷轧机主传动系统组合谐波动力学特性

针对冷轧机主传动系统运行时的失稳振动现象,建立了主传动系统扭振模型。综合考虑系统阻尼及刚度,应用多尺度法求解冷轧机主传动系统在组合谐波作用下的动力学特性方程。采用数值方法,通过幅频响应曲线、相平面图和系统振动分岔图等研究外扰激励幅值、系统阻尼和系统刚度对冷轧机主传动系统的影响。仿真结果表明：系统阻尼、系统刚度和外扰激励幅值的变化会对冷轧机主传动系统的幅值、共振区域以及脊骨线位置产生影响。系统状态也会随着系统参数的变化呈现出不同的周期性运动规律,产生失稳分岔和混沌现象。研究为冷轧机主传动系统的设计提供了参数域选择与理论指导。     

高速永磁电机转子-轴承系统动力学特性分析

为研究高速永磁电机在高转速工作条件下的振动特性,将其简化为转子-轴承系统,建立数学模型,利用Runge-Kutta法进行计算,得出支承刚度、阻尼、加速度和支承位置对转子振动特性的影响。研究结果表明:改变支承刚度可以改变临界转速值,不改变临界转速对应的最大振幅值;增大阻尼可以降低振幅值,不改变系统的临界转速值;增大转子的加速度可以降低最大振动幅值,但会增加系统的控制力矩;y方向支承位置改变产生的振动幅值大于x方向支承位置改变产生的振动幅值,且轴承在靠近轴承推力盘的位置产生的振幅大。最后可以通过控制加速度和刚度的方法来降低振动幅值,避开共振区。     

热连轧机辊系非线性水平振动特性

考虑热连轧机振动时非线性阻尼、非线性刚度、轧机结构及轧制力的动态变化对轧机水平颤振的影响,建立轧机辊系非线性水平振动模型。应用多尺度法求解了系统的幅频特性方程,分析了不同轧制参数变化时对轧机水平振动幅频特性的影响,研究表明,可以通过减小阻尼、外扰力来降低轧机水平振动幅值,通过减小非线性刚度,增大非线性阻尼来缩小轧机水平振动区域。同时运用奇异性理论讨论了系统在非自治情况下的分岔特性,得到了系统的转迁集和分岔拓扑结构,给出了系统发生振动的临界条件。以上研究结果为抑制和控制轧机非线性水平振动系统提供了理论参考和借鉴。     

参数不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统的动态特性

目前,关于电磁轴承支承特性的研究大多是基于PID类传递函数明确的控制算法展开的,而非线性控制算法的模糊属性导致难以建立电磁轴承的支承刚度和阻尼模型,系统的支承特性存在不确定性,从而难以对此类磁悬浮系统的动力学特性展开研究.为此,针对支承特性不确定下的磁悬浮双转子系统,首先,运用有限元法建立了磁悬浮双转子系统的理论模型;...     

支撑刚度对全矢谱参数影响的研究

转子各向同性的理论无法解释许多不平衡相关的振动现象,基于转子系统中刚度和阻尼各向异性的特点,建立了具有非线性刚度和阻尼的转子系统动力学模型,并用四阶龙格－库塔方法求解系统的不平衡响应。研究了在不同的非线性刚度系数下,两个垂直方向上刚度的变化对全矢谱参数的影响。结果表明：在恒定转速下,刚度变化对振矢、振矢比、矢相位有较强的规律性影响。该结论为全矢谱技术在非线性因素下的应用提供了理论参考。     

滚动轴承预紧力对其转子系统特性影响的理论及试验研究

为了改善滚动轴承-高速电主轴系统特性分析中对轴承只取其刚度和阻尼元素参与计算的情况,引入滚动轴承预紧力参数,建立用于轴承转子系统特性分析的滚动轴承预紧力约束方程,从理论上计算预紧力对系统刚度、临界转速和轴承性能的影响.以角接触球轴承-高速(60 000 r/min)电主轴系统为对象,设计一种预紧力测量方法,通过实验研究轴承预紧力对轴承转子系统的影响,结果表明测量结果与理论计算基本一致.     

角接触球轴承-转子系统动力学行为研究

为研究角接触球轴承-转子系统非线性行为,利用角接触球轴承反力与轴颈中心位移关系,建立五自由度角接触球轴承-转子系统动力学模型,推导出系统运动微分方程,并采用龙格-库塔法求解,着重讨论轴向力对系统非线性行为的影响。计算结果表明:角接触球轴承-转子系统动力学行为非线性特性显著;随着轴向力的增加,系统的响应由周期运动、倍周期运动、拟周期运动发展到混沌运动。由于轴向力作用,轴承支承刚度发生变化,导致转子两端轴颈中心的动力学响应明显不同。     

滚动轴承-转子系统的非线性动力学分析

考虑轴承径向内部间隙这一非线性因素对滚动轴承刚度的影响,建立滚动轴承-转子系统的数学模型。研究滚动轴承-转子系统在轴承不同内间隙量、不同转速下系统的分岔特点和混沌行为。通过对各间隙量下转子系统非线性动力学行为的研究,表明滚动轴承间隙量是影响转子系统运动的一个重要的因素。     

冷连轧机辊系非线性耦合振动特性分析

考虑冷连轧机辊系振动时,垂直和水平两个方向的轧制力相互影响且处于动态变化,因此引入了动态轧制力这一概念。同时,考虑到轧机辊系间的非线性阻尼、非线性刚度以及外激励,建立了冷连轧机辊系非线性耦合振动模型。利用多尺度法求解了耦合振动系统的幅频响应,研究结果表明,非线性高次项刚度和外激励对轧机耦合系统的振幅影响明显,均出现了两个共振区域,且伴随着跳跃现象。进一步运用奇异性理论得到了系统的静态分岔方程,发现可以通过改变开折参数来预测和控制非线性耦合系统的动力学行为。最后,运用非线性理论分析并验证了系统的混沌特性,给出了发生混沌行为的临界点,从而减小和避免轧机辊系非线性耦合系统发生共振。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.