基于直驱技术的精密数控回转工作台研制

以某精密数控立式加工机床用回转工作台设计为例,分析了直驱式精密数控回转工作台共性关键技术并给出了详细解决方案,包括支承设计、锁紧设计、冷却设计、精度设计与实现等。通过关键技术的集成,完成了直驱式精密数控转台研制。文中所述各关键技术对于集成式直驱转台研制提供了有益参考。     

直驱式数控转台双面刹车机构的力学特性分析

为了解决直驱式数控转台零件加工时台面固定的问题,提出了一种直驱式转台的双面刹车机构。结合刹车机构的结构,利用微分的方法计算出机构的刹车力矩。为了进一步分析机构中的关键零部件刹车盘,应用有限元分析软件Ansys Workbench对刹车机构进行接触应力分析,以获取关键零件刹车盘的变形量及应力值,其最大等效应力为77.447 MPa,远小于刹车盘材料的许用应力,表明刹车盘的强度满足设计要求。通过模态分析获取其前6阶的固有频率和振型,表明刹车盘在激振频率为689.68、864.65、881.25、893.63 Hz时刹车盘会产生共振,应在零件加工时尽量避免这些频率以保证加工精度。最后实测刹车力矩并与计算值对比,力矩吻合度为93%,并对比设计所需刹车力矩,计算出安全系数为1.437,刹车力矩满足设计要求,验证了刹车机构的合理性和工作的可靠性。     

车铣复合直驱转台动静态特性优化设计

针对降低直驱转台质量防止惯性影响其加工精度的问题,开展动静态特性分析、响应面构建、灵敏度分析以及NSGA-II遗传算法优化;对比、分析优化前与优化后的直驱转台加工参数。结果表明：优化后的参数不仅能够更好地满足加工需求,而且可提高直驱转台的刚度和1阶固有频率,显著降低该型号直驱转台的质量。     

MK1620砂轮主轴磨削模型的确定与静态特性分析

为了提高砂轮主轴的柔度及抗振性,保证其静、动态性能,砂轮架主轴的设计与分析对磨削加工具有重要的现实意义。通过对砂轮架主轴的原理与结构进行分析,以经典磨削理论与有限元理论为基础,借助机械设计、材料力学、理论力学等基本知识,建立了平面磨削模型,根据所建立的磨削模型确定磨削力参数,从而设计出砂轮主轴的具体结构尺寸,并通过有限元软件对其强度与刚度进行分析。结果表明:设计出的砂轮主轴满足强度、刚度要求。研究成果为砂轮主轴的动态特性研究提供一定的基础。     

数控铣床主轴系统动态刚度可靠性概率设计

针对数控铣床主轴系统是在变化复杂的、非简谐力的激励下振动,而与该振动特性密切相关的主轴滚动轴承的刚度又不是一个定值,而是载荷的函数的特点,以某数控铣床主轴系统为研究对象,基于概率有限元理论、瞬态响应有限元分析理论及轴承动刚度理论,将有限元分析软件ANSYS10.0中的瞬态响应分析方法与Monto-Carlo模拟方法相结合,对机床主轴系统进行了动刚度可靠性概率有限元计算,得出了在主轴系统中,对其动刚度影响最为敏感的几何因素是主轴前支承处的半径,其次是主轴前端半径以及对主轴系统动刚度影响最为敏感的刀具因素是铣刀杆的悬伸量,其次是铣刀杆半径的结论.     

基于数控纵切机的骨钉加工研究

分析骨钉的结构特点及加工要求,结合典型实例,给出基于数控双主轴纵切机的骨钉加工工艺。提出用于骨钉加工的数控双主轴纵切机的主机和刀具布置结构。利用齿轮、滚珠丝杠、力矩直驱电机,设计动力刀具、伺服进给轴、主轴的传动机构。制造样机,并将样机应用于实际生产。研究结果有助于数控纵切机在骨钉加工行业的应用。     

负载对数控转台精度影响的研究及试验设计

分析数控转台工作时力和力矩载荷的工况特点,以及YRT转台轴承和抱闸机构承受工作载荷作用时的工作原理。推导六自由度载荷作用下转台主轴形变的计算公式,并总结工况载荷对转台变形和精度的影响。设计了在轴向载荷、径向载荷、弯曲载荷、扭转载荷下检验转台变形的方法。研究内容为数控转台轴承支撑结构和抱闸机构的设计计算提供参考,为数控转台的载荷试验提供试验和检验方法。     

基于虚拟样机技术的数控铣床主传动系统动力学仿真研究

在分析双主轴数控铣床多级齿轮主传动系统运动及受力的基础上,应用ADAMS构建了传动系统的多刚体虚拟样机模型,将Hertz接触理论嵌入仿真模型,实现了齿轮啮合的动态实时仿真,得到了齿轮的动态啮合力,并基于多刚体模型研究了轴线平行度误差对齿轮啮合力的影响.同时利用ANSYS对铣床主轴进行了有限元建模,通过ADAMS建立了传动系统的刚柔耦合虚拟样机模型,分析了主轴在动态下的应力分布.仿真结果为系统传动的平稳性研究和各部件的强度、刚度、疲劳寿命计算提供了参考.     

加工中心静刚度特性分析及实验研究

应用理论分析方法对影响加工中心静刚度的因素包括丝杠结构静刚度、进给伺服系统刚度、主轴-刀具系统静刚度、滚动导轨刚度等进行了分析.以立式加工中心VICTOR为例,分别采用数控进给加力方式和螺旋加力结构方式进行加力,实测了加工中心主轴端面与工作台间Z向和X向的静刚度值,测量结果显示加工中心的静刚度并不明显高于普通机床.为加工中心结构及系统的设计、工艺参数的选取等提供借鉴.     

基于西门子828D数控系统的直驱转台设计及误差补偿

设计一套直驱转台,在828D数控系统下进行调试,分析转台分度误差产生的原因,并使用828D数控系统的螺距补偿功能对转台进行了分度精度补偿。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.