基于三值神经网络和混沌搜索的数字电路串扰时滞故障测试生成算法（英文）

提出了一种有效的串扰时滞故障测试生成算法,该算法使用了三值神经网络理论和混沌搜索方法。首先在电路的受害点处把电路分成两个部分,对第一部分,可以得到时滞时间表达式;对第二部分,使用混沌搜索和三值神经网络网络的方法把故障传播到输出端。最后,能够把故障传播到输出端且使时滞时间表达式取最大值的输入矢量就是串扰时滞故障的最优测试矢量。实验结果表明该算法能够容易地得到故障输入测试矢量,平均测试生成时间小于0. 25μs,故障覆盖率能够达到98. 2%。     

人工蜂群优化非鲁棒路径时滞故障测试生成算法

针对数字电路中非鲁棒路径时滞故障测试时间长,故障覆盖率较低的问题,提出了人工蜂群优化的测试生成算法。该算法首先应用电路转换法则把数字电路转换成为其等效电路,然后用Hopfield神经网络构建等效电路单固定故障的约束电路,并得到能量函数,再应用人工蜂群优化算法计算能量函数的最小值以得到等效电路单固定故障的测试矢量,最后根据对应关系得到原电路非鲁棒路径时滞故障的测试矢量对。在ISCAS’85国际标准电路上的实验结果表明该算法故障覆盖率能够达到98%,并且平均测试生成时间明显减小。     

非鲁棒路径时滞故障测试生成算法

针对数字电路中非鲁棒路径时滞故障测试时间长、故障覆盖率较低的问题,提出了人工蜂群优化的测试生成算法。该算法首先应用电路转换法则把数字电路转换成为其等效电路,然后用Hopfield神经网络构建等效电路单固定故障的约束电路,并得到能量函数;再应用人工蜂群优化算法计算能量函数的最小值以得到等效电路单固定故障的测试矢量,最后根据对应关系得到原电路非鲁棒路径时滞故障的测试矢量对。在ISCAS’85国际标准电路上的实验结果表明:该算法故障覆盖率能够达到98%,并且平均测试生成时间小于0.8 s。     

一种有效的组合电路测试生成算法

为了改善组合电路测试生成效率,提出了一种有效的基于三值神经网络的组合电路测试生成算法。该算法不需要传播和回溯,而是使用三值神经网络把组合电路表示为双向神经元网络,并构建网络的能量函数,最后使用遗传算法求出全局最小值点作为电路的测试矢量,所以组合电路的测试生成问题转换为优化问题。在标准电路上的测试实验结果表明该算法具有较高的故障覆盖率和较短的测试生成时间。     

基于人工蜂群算法的数字电路多故障测试生成算法

针对数字电路多固定故障测试生成故障覆盖率低和平均测试生成时间长的问题,提出了人工蜂群和神经网络优化的数字电路多固定故障测试生成算法。该算法首先通过等效的方法得到多固定故障的单固定故障模型,再使用Hopfield二值神经网络的方法得到单固定故障的约束电路模型,最后使用人工蜂群优化方法求解故障约束电路接口电路的能量函数的零值点获得原电路的多固定故障的测试生成矢量。实验结果(在ISCAS’85国际标准测试电路上)表明该算法的故障覆盖率可达98.5%以上,平均测试生成时间小于0.25μs。     

数字电路阈值故障测试生成算法

提出一种有效的数字电路故障阈值故障测试生成算法。首先构造出数字电路的阈值测试模型,通过这个模型可以区分出可接受故障和不可接受故障,然后使用成熟的固定故障测试生成算法得到不可接受故障的测试生成矢量。在ISCAS’85和ISCAS’89电路上的实验结果表明:该算法的故障覆盖率能达到96%,故障测试生成时间少于0. 019 s。     

热式MEMS流量传感器的设计及测试

根据已有的热式MEMS气体微流量传感器芯片的各部分热敏电阻热串扰现象严重,造成很大的测量误差,改进设计了一种MEMS热式流量传感器,将加热电阻和上下游测温电阻采用悬臂梁隔离结构,并相互隔离,有效的避免了热膜流量传感器各部分热敏电阻间相互热串扰现象。基于改进的MEMS热式流量传感器,设计了流量传感器的测试系统,包括恒温差电路、桥式测量电路及放大、滤波电路,所采集的流量信号经过滤波放大后输入AD模块进行模数转换,最后经过单片机处理,利用单片机与计算机串口通信功能,在不同流速下打印出不同的电压值;通过Matlab对所测出的数据进行拟合,完成对传感器性能的检测。测量结果表明:在一定的流量范围内,该流量传感器具有测量精度高、响应速率快、输出信号平滑等特点,能够广泛应用于工业、医疗领域的流量测量。     

面向海量机械故障数据的胶囊网络算法研究

针对卷积神经网络算法在大规模故障数据集检测中出现的故障敏感度低、部分特征丢失等问题,提出一种基于优化胶囊网络算法的机械故障检测方案。胶囊网络算法采用多神经元封装的胶囊体结构设计,且包含多个胶囊层,具有更强的故障数据处理能力和泛化能力;经过squash函数挤压后的胶囊矢量可以更准确地提取和描述故障特征;升维胶囊矢量,基于特征编码和归一化的处理方式,可得到更准确的故障分类结果。实验结果显示:优化胶囊网络算法具有更强的故障特征聚类性能和迭代运算性能,故障集检测精度值高于经典卷积神经网络算法。     

多输入／多输出GA-BP网络压铸工艺参数设计系统

遗传算法全局搜索能力强,而BP神经网络擅长局部精确搜索,采用遗传算法优化神经网络初始权值的方法,实现两种算法的结合,达到优势互补,并首次将内浇口类型及其厚度作为设计输出参数引入设计系统,构建更实用的压铸工艺参数优化设计多输入/多输出双隐层GA-BP神经网络。通过实例,验证了本系统所给出的压铸工艺设计结果的合理性。     

基于改进邻域粗糙集与S_Kohonen神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

针对现有滚动轴承故障诊断技术中,存在输入属性冗余过多、故障识别率不高等缺点,提出了基于改进邻域粗糙集与S_Kohonen神经网络的故障诊断方法。由于传感器采集的故障信息大多为数值型数据且数据维数较大,文中引入邻域粗糙集理论并对基于邻域粗糙集的经典前向贪心算法进行改进,利用改进算法约简故障数据,大大减小了算法复杂度;对Kohonen神经网络进行改进,在其原有结构基础上添加输出层构成S_Kohonen神经网络,使其输出类别满足给定分类要求;分别采用前向贪心算法、改进算法约简故障数据,将约简前、后的故障数据分别输入S_Kohonen神经网络、BP神经网络识别滚动轴承故障状态,试验结果证明邻域粗糙集可有效消除属性之间的重复信息,改进算法提取故障属性信息更能反映故障状态的本质,S_Kohonen神经网络具有良好的故障识别能力,两者配合使用,改进邻域粗糙集——S_Kohonen神经网络模型具有很好的故障诊断能力。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.