NURBS surface deformation design for complex products by transplanting the surface feature

This article addresses the problem of NURBS surface deformation design using surface feature transplantation. To represent the semantic surface feature, a new surface feature representation called normal feature membrane is proposed. In the proposed method, the base surfaces of the source surface with the feature that the designer is highly interested in and the target surface to be deformed are first constructed. This is followed by extracting the normal feature membrane of the source surface. The deformation design is then realized by transplanting the extracted normal feature membrane of the source surface to the base surface of the target surface through four main operations, which are normal feature membrane preprocessing, normal feature membrane transplanting, surface fairing, and boundary feature decaying, respectively. The proposed method provides an easy copy–paste operation of the semantic surface feature for surface deformation of complex product. The examples of the surface feature transplantation for the surface design of automobile bodies are given to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed method.     

逆向工程中特征曲面的识别方法

提出了基于二次曲面拟合误差分析和几何属性分析的特征曲面识别算法。首先用一般二次曲面方程拟合测量数据并计算曲面的拟合误差,比较拟合误差与阈值的大小来识别自由曲面和一般二次曲面。然后计算测量点几何属并将它映射到高斯球和法曲率坐标上,运用统计方法识别不同分布模式,从而识别不同的特殊二次曲面类型。为了提高算法的效率和实用性,在计算测量点到拟合曲面的距离时,用近似距离代替精确的欧几里得距离。在识别特殊二次曲面时,优先识别平面。实例表明,该算法能有效识别自由曲面、平面、球面、柱面、锥面和过渡曲面等特征曲面。     

Improved positioning of cylindrical cutter for flank milling ruled surfaces

An optimized positioning procedure for flank milling ruled surfaces with cylindrical cutter is described in the paper. The tool axis trajectory surface is a ruled surface, which is generated by moving the tool axis. The proposition that the envelope surface of cylindrical cutter is the offset surface of tool axis trajectory surface is proved using kinematics approach. It is a complement of Bedi's [Bedi S, Mann S, Menzel C. Flank milling with flat end cutter. Comput Aided Des 2003; 35:293-300] analysis about the envelope surface of cylindrical cutter. Subsequently, we get another proposition that the deviation at extremum point between the designed surface and the envelope surface of cylindrical cutter is equal to that between the offset surface of designed surface and the tool axis trajectory surface. Based on this proposition, we propose three points offset (TPO) strategy to approximate the offset surface. In order to reduce errors further, a simple least square approximation scheme is established to make the tool axis trajectory surface fit the offset surface of designed surface as much as possible. By solving the linear system of equations, the tool axis trajectory surface is deformed. Simultaneously, the corresponding envelope surface is deformed to approximate the designed surface better. Two examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the developed 5-axis flank milling technique.     

Retrieval of Component Temperatures based on Landsat-7 ETM+ Remote Sensing Data

Land surface temperature plays an important role in drought monitoring and Simulation of surface heat flux.In arid and semi\|arid regions,the Two\|Source Energy Balance model (TSEB) is commonly used to calculate the heat flux of the earth’s surface.Taking the typical irrigated area of the middle reaches of Heihe as the research area,the four Landsat\|7 ETM+ remote sensing images are selected.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature were retrieved by combining vegetation index with TSEB model.The decomposition algorithm of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is mainly discussed.The results showed that soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature had good temporal and spatial consistency.The inversion accuracy of soil surface temperature and vegetation canopy temperature is indirectly verified by surface net radiation and surface heat flux.The calculated values of surface net radiation and surface heat flux correlate well with the observed values,and the correlation coefficient is greater than 0.92.The linear regression analysis of surface net radiation and surface heat flux shows that the fitting accuracy is high.The soil surface temperature and canopy temperature obtained by surface temperature decomposition are feasible for monitoring drought in typical areas and simulating surface heat flux.     

基于轮廓数据的B样条曲面重建

针对B样条曲面拟合中出现的问题和困难,提出了一种基于行组织的轮廓数据（截面数据）的曲面重建方法。该方法避免了数据点的参数化问题,使得逼近曲面拥有较好的形状和合理的控制顶点数量。该方法的基本思想是：首先构造易于控制的低阶曲面拟合数据点,此曲面称控制曲面,然后利用高次曲面逼近该曲面,此高次曲面称为逼近曲面,为所需要的重建曲面。在曲面重建中利用最佳平方逼近和光顺函数,减少了逼近曲面的控制顶点冗余,较有效地防止了逼近曲面的形状突变和曲面的扭曲,很大程度地提高了曲面的质量。     

Computing non-self-intersecting offsets of NURBS surfaces

A new approach for the computation of non-self-intersecting offset surface of a single G₁ continuous NURBS surface has been presented. The approach recognizes special surfaces, i.e. planes, spheres, cones and cylinders, and offsets them precisely. An approximate offset surface within the specified tolerance is computed for a general free form surface. The method for a general free form surface consists of (1) sample offset surface based on second derivatives; (2) eliminate sample points which can give self-intersections; (3) surface fitting through the remaining sample points; and (4) removal of all the removable knots of the surface. The approach checks for self-intersections in the offset surface and removes the same automatically, if any. The non-self-intersecting offsets for surface of extrusion and surface of revolution are obtained by removing the self-intersections in the offset generator and profile curves respectively using point sampling, cleaning of sampled points, curve fitting and knot removal. The approach has better control on error. It generates offset surface with less number of control points and degree. The methodology works only for a class of problems where in the offset of a single G₁ surface is still a single connected surface without having any holes. The offset methodology has been demonstrated through three types of surfaces namely surface of revolution, surface of extrusion and a general free form surface. This approach has been extensively used in creation of offset surfaces of composite laminate components. The presented approach can also be used to check for self-intersections in any general surface and to remove the same, if any, with little modifications, as long as the cleaned surface is a single connected surface.     

应用高斯曲率积分的曲面可展化分片方法研究

对空间曲面的分片算法进行了研究,以高斯曲率的绝对值对面积的积分与曲面面积的比值作为曲面分片系数,并以各曲面单元分片系数的和作为曲面分片的控制值。在给定分片控制值的约束条件下,通过对任意空间曲面进行离散化、反算拟合及曲面单元累加实现曲面分片。控制各曲面片分片系数累加值使之小于一定的控制值以使各分片近似可展。以空间双曲曲面为算例对分片算法的有效性进行了验证。     

NURBS边界曲面直接生成法

由于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲面的复杂性,传统NURBS边界曲面的生成是先构造孔斯曲面,再由孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换得到,其操作过程比较烦琐。针对此问题,提出了NURBS边界曲面直接生成算法,该算法根据给定的四条NURBS边界曲线,结合孔斯曲面生成方法直接插值生成NURBS曲面,从而避免了通过孔斯曲面向NURBS曲面转换所带来的计算代价,因此同传统方法相比,具有较低的计算代价。实验结果表明:该算法简化了曲面生成步骤,减少了曲面转换过程的计算量,生成的曲面边界信息明确,且连续性好。     

成都市地表温度对不透水面的响应研究

根据成都三环路内的Landsat 7/ETM+影像,利用单窗算法和不透水面与植被覆盖度在城市建成区呈负相关关系两种反演方法,通过空间建模建立反演模型,获取地表温度与不透水面信息。通过随机样点分析、相关性分析以及等温线与等透水面线叠加分析等方法,研究了城市地表温度对不透水面的响应效果。结果表明:地表温度随距市中心区距离增大而降低,同时不透水能力也降低;成都市地表温度与不透水面之间存在着正相关关系,相关度为0.7253;等透水面线的空间分布对等温线具有显著的响应规律。研究成果对于改善城市生态环境、提升土地利用水平和加强科学规划等都具有参考价值。     

基于物理的能量曲面造型方法构造过渡曲面

讨论了过渡曲面的生成问题,指出了半径过渡和PDE方法构造过渡面的局限性,提出了用基于物理的能量曲面造型方法构造过渡曲面的方法,特别是用于解决管状封闭非周期性曲面和其他曲面间的过渡问题。该文详细讨论了基于物理的能量曲面造型方法构造过渡曲面的原理及求解方法,并给出了飞行器的翼身过渡和三通过渡的实例。     

GUI装配器的模式

本文提出了一种界面设计中的架构模式-界面装配器模式,它致力于分解界面,将界面和组装行为解耦,将界面逻辑处理与后台业务逻辑处理解耦,这样我们在开发GUI胖客户端界面应用时可以从众多的界面控制管理中解脱出来,而专注于我们的后台业务逻辑的开发。通过该模式,我们可以动态地组装我们的界面,我们甚至还可以在我们的界面中轻松地插入transaction事务或session会话管理。     

一类三次隐式代数曲面参数化研究

在CAGD中隐式曲面和参数曲面作为曲面的两种表示形式各有其内在的优点 ,多年来如何有效地实现二者的相互转换一直是CAGD的一个热点问题 对一类GC1拼接两个二次曲面的三次混合代数曲面进行了研究 ,提出一种基于同轴平面束与代数曲面相交的几何化参数化方法 与传统参数化方法相比 ,该方法结构直观且具有可使三次代数曲面位于 [0 ,1]× [0 ,1]参数区间内 ,以及曲面的边界位于等参数线上等特点 ,利用这种参数曲面可以方便地实现机器作图和各种操作 实验结果验证了方法的有效性     

基于散乱点的增量式曲面逼近

针对用接触式三维点数据获取设备快速输入的物体表面散乱点云数据,提出了增量式B样条曲面快速逼近算法．该算法首先要获得重建曲面的边界数据,以生成初始曲面;然后对输入的散乱数据点云用投影法计算出其参数值;再用模板子块在曲面上移动,反算出模块子块的控制点;最后更新整个曲面的相应控制点,实现边输入、边逼近,即增量式曲面逼近．在输入过程中可看到曲面逐渐逼近目标曲面的过程,在误差大的区域可以增加输入点来改善曲面逼近效果．对于复杂曲面进行多次投影计算散乱数据点参数及曲面逼近,可达到良好效果．     

AMSR-E亮温监测中国近地表冻融循环算法研究

为更加精细地获取日内地表冻融循环信息,联合使用AMSR-E升轨(13:30)和降轨(1:30)一天两次过境的逐日亮温数据,采用双指标算法,分别判定升轨和降轨过境时刻的地表冻融状态,综合两次过境信息将地表细分为日内完全冻结、日内完全融化、日内冻融循环和日内逆向冻融循环4种类型。经过验证,日内完全冻结地表分类精度达90%,日内完全融化地表和日内冻融循环地表分类精度约为70%。在日内地表冻融循环分类基础上,将年冻融循环周期划分为稳定冻结期、稳定融化期、春季冻融过渡期和秋季冻融过渡期。根据2004年分类结果得出,1月份,日内完全冻结地表和日内完全融化地表大体以秦岭淮河为界,随着温度逐渐升高,日内完全冻结地表南界、日内完全融化地表北界和日内冻融循环地表的南北界从东南向西北移动,温度降低,各边界线从西北向东南移动;稳定冻结期主要出现在1月和2月,稳定融化期出现在7月和8月,春季冻融过渡期是3~5月,秋季冻融过渡期是9~11月。     

Radiation analysis of on‐platform antenna using MoM‐PO combined with surface–surface configuration

In this article, wire antennas installed on electrically large structures are modeled by surface–surface configuration. The surface–surface configuration is applied to the hybrid method of moments–physical optics (MoM‐PO) to solve electromagnetic radiation problem of wire antennas mounted on electrically large conducting platform. Numerical results for the arbitrary shaped perfectly electric conducting are considered. Compared with the wire–surface configuration, the surface–surface configuration is easy to ensure the current continuity at the junction and maintain the required good accuracy. Additional complex basis functions are not required in surface–surface junction model compared with wire–surface junction model. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.     

二次代数曲面拼接中的光顺处理

针对直接采用理想交理论得到的拼接曲面在实际中不一定连续的问题,研究如何通过改变拼接曲面的构造方程以得到连续的拼接曲面及其光顺处理。首先,分析了拼接曲面在实际应用不连续的原因,若过渡曲面中含某个变元的项在其他变元满足某个值时变为0,则其与该变元不再相关,在几何图形上会表现为断开;然后,给出了保证拼接曲面在实际应用中连续的方法;之后,讨论了0阶和任意阶拼接曲面的光顺处理方法。对于0阶光滑连续曲面,将辅助曲面作为因子乘以一次函数后补偿到构造方程中的主曲面部分,调节参数使得拼接曲面光顺;对于任意阶连续曲面,在主曲面过渡方程中直接增加补偿函数。该方法可使0阶光滑连续曲面在不提高次数的情况下做到光顺。     

离散曲面的等距面生成算法

离散曲面的等距面生成问题是一个不同于传统的等距面计算的新问题。拟对该问题展开研究并提出一个有效的离散曲面的等距面生成算法。该算法通过计算离散曲面的包络面上的离散体元而生成等距面。所提算法可以有效地解决等距计算过程中发生的拓扑、自相交等现象。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

任意曲面的三角形网格划分

把曲面分为可展曲面和不可展曲面，对可展曲面用曲面展开算法展成平面，对不可展曲面用曲面分割算法转化成平面片，在平面上运用Ｄｅｌａｕｎａｙ三角划分法进行网格划分，然后把网格节点反映射到曲面上，从而实现任意曲面的三角形网格划分。     

三角域上拟二次Bézier曲面片的构造及其应用

针对计算机辅助几何设计中三角曲面片造型方法进行了研究。在非多项式空间中构造了一组基函数,分析了该基函数的性质;利用七个控制顶点定义了相应的三角曲面片,由于该三角曲面片具有类似于三角域上二次Bézier曲面片的性质,故称其为拟二次Bézier三角曲面片;举例说明了拟二次Bézier三角曲面片不仅边界可以精确表示圆弧和椭圆弧,而且可以通过多引入的一个控制顶点实现在边界保持不变的情况下对曲面形状进行调节,同时,该曲面片可作为过渡曲面在三通管造型接口处实现光滑过渡。总之,拟二次Bézier三角曲面片在曲面造型与曲面设计中有较好的应用,可作为现有造型方法的有效补充。     

三角域上的调和B-B曲面

利用方向导数研究了三角域上的调和B—B曲面的性质,给出了三角域上的B—B曲面为调和曲面的充要条件,并且证明了任何一个三角域上的调和B—B曲面的控制网格均由它的第1层和第2层控制顶点完全决定．最后对极小曲面在建筑设计中的应用进行了初步探讨．