一种优化Botryococcus braunii-357生物膜油脂的方法

脂肪酸的组成与结构是影响微藻生物柴油物理特性的重要因素。胞外聚合物(EPS)有助于微藻吸附生长和生物膜的形成。为了研究EPS对微藻生物膜油脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响,对布朗葡萄藻生物膜进行EPS刺激培养,同时设计营养抑制组作为对照。结果显示:抑制组和EPS组的油脂含量分别由16.54%提高至42.2%和51.3%,油脂的中性三酰甘油酯(TAG)占比均达93%左右,饱和脂肪酸分别占55.4%,62.6%,不饱和脂肪酸分别占38.7%,31.0%。不饱和脂肪酸方面,抑制组的油酸分子均为反式结构,EPS组均为顺式结构。用EPS刺激生物膜藻体,所得微藻油的油脂含量、纯度、日产率以及TAG比例都得以提高,油脂脂肪酸组成和品质得到改善。     

微藻固定化技术及其在资源化中应用

固定化技术是微藻资源化利用的重要手段。文章综述了微藻固定化的常用方法;分析了固定化过程对微藻细胞生长和代谢的影响;介绍了微藻固定化技术在能源化利用(产油、产氢)、水产养殖、微藻固定化保种等方面的应用;最后对微藻固定化技术的发展趋势进行了展望。针对微藻的特殊性开发无毒、透光性好、传质好、对微藻细胞压力小的固定化载体将进一步推动微藻固定化技术的发展,而固定化微藻也将会有更广阔的应用前景。     

微藻培养模式研究进展

微藻培养模式的选择对于提高微藻生长速率具有重要作用,批次培养、流加培养、半连续培养和连续培养是4种不同的微藻培养模式。文章综述了4种不同培养模式在微藻培养过程中的应用与最新研究进展,概括了不同培养模式的具体应用范围和实施效果,对不同培养模式促进微藻生长的机理进行了分析,旨在为能源微藻大规模培养技术的发展以及能源微藻工业化培养模式的选择和改进提供参考。     

基于微藻资源化利用的碳减排技术

微藻具有光合效率高、零净碳值、生长周期短、易培养、油含量高等优点,是一种极具前景的生物柴油原料。将微藻资源化利用与碳减排耦合的微藻生物柴油技术研究已受到政府和企业的广泛关注。综述了微藻高效固定CO2技术中微藻种类的筛选、培育、生长反应器及其系统的开发,微藻资源化利用的技术种类,展望了基于微藻资源化利用的碳减排技术的发展前景。     

微藻生物制氢技术

介绍了微藻光合制氢技术的生物原理及固氮酶和可逆产氢酶的产氢机制.讨论了基于微藻的硫缺乏生理调控而发展起来的一步法与两步法光解制氢的方式,其中微藻可逆产氢酶两步法间接光解制氢是最具发展潜力的制氢方式.分析了实现微藻光合制氢的限制因子及要解决的问题,指出高效光合产氢藻株的筛选及高效光反应器的实现是该技术获得成功的关键,使微藻大规模光合产氢成为可能.     

生物膜法的应用现状及发展前景分析

生物膜法是一种重要的微生物处理污染物技术,主要用于去除废水中的有机污染物,它与活性污泥法同时发展起来,相比而言,活性污泥法的应用更为成熟和普遍,而生物膜法则有其自身的优势,如微生物密度大、污泥产生量小、易于操控、能耗较低等,虽经历的长时期的发展,工艺不断改进,但仍是目前的研究热点。对常见的生物膜反应器的工艺及应用做了介绍,同时,对该技术的发展前景进行简要分析。     

中国微藻生物质能源专利技术分析

大力发展微藻生物质能源是解决能源危机和环境问题的有效途径。文章从微藻资源、微藻培养系统、培养物采收技术、微藻生物柴油炼制、含油微藻综合利用等方面出发,综述了中国微藻生物质能源专利的发展现状,旨在使科研工作者更加全面地了解这一领域发展趋势,并且促进科研工作者对自主知识产权的保护意识。     

微藻培养方法研究进展

微藻是一种有前景的生物柴油原料。微藻培养是微藻生物柴油生产过程的重要环节。本文就微藻培养方法的研究进展进行了阐述。对自养、异养及兼养三种培养方法进行了比较,并对微藻培养提出了建议。     

能源微藻类生物质培养技术及能源物质形态构成

微藻生物能源研究已经成为全球生物质能源科技发展的趋势和热点之一。通过不断改进能源微藻类生物质培养技术,获得大量微藻生物质是微藻能源进行下游能源转化的前提条件。文章从藻细胞能源利用方式与能源微藻规模化生产角度,综述了能源微藻类生物质培养技术研究现状及藻细胞能源物质形态-细胞壁糖类与胞内油脂具体成分构成的研究进展,探讨了在实际户外规模培养中遇到的虫害问题。     

新一代生物柴油原料—微藻

随着能源需求的剧增,政府和企业积极开发可替代的能源资源。生物柴油现已成为国际上发展最快、应用最广的石油替代燃料。介绍了微藻作为一种新型的生物柴油原料具有来源广泛、成本低廉、清洁可再生等优点和影响微藻油脂积累的因素,展望了微藻生物柴油的发展前景,为我国生物柴油的发展提供参考。     

Microalgae for biodiesel production and other applications: A review

Sustainable production of renewable energy is being hotly debated globally since it is increasingly understood that first generation biofuels, primarily produced from food crops and mostly oil seeds are limited in their ability to achieve targets for biofuel production, climate change mitigation and economic growth. These concerns have increased the interest in developing second generation biofuels produced from non-food feedstocks such as microalgae, which potentially offer greatest opportunities in the longer term. This paper reviews the current status of microalgae use for biodiesel production, including their cultivation, harvesting, and processing. The microalgae species most used for biodiesel production are presented and their main advantages described in comparison with other available biodiesel feedstocks. The various aspects associated with the design of microalgae production units are described, giving an overview of the current state of development of algae cultivation systems (photo-bioreactors and open ponds). Other potential applications and products from microalgae are also presented such as for biological sequestration of CO₂, wastewater treatment, in human health, as food additive, and for aquaculture.     

Large-scale open pond algae biomass yield analysis in India: a case study

Global warming, depletion of fossil fuel and increasing demand for energy have led to the substantial interest in developing alternate energy sources, especially biodiesel. First generation biofuels produced from food crops and oil seeds are limited to achieve targets for biodiesel production. Second generation biofuel produced from non-food feed stock such as microalgae provides various potential advantages for biofuel production when compared with first generation biofuels. This paper investigates the possible use of microalgae for biofuel production on the selected potential sites in the country. Algal biomass and oil yield for the selected sites are predicted using the analytical method.     

微藻规模化生产的关键问题

随着我国航空业的快速发展,航空碳减排形势严峻。航空生物燃料因其良好的减排性成为航空煤油的理想替代燃料,作为主要原料的微藻因具有产油率高、适应性强等优势,成为最有潜力的航空生物燃料原料。文章根据航空生物燃料产业化发展对于原料的选择和要求,探讨了富油高产微藻藻种的选育、规模化生产培养方式的选择、采收技术的改进、微藻航空生物燃料生产成本的降低以及微藻规模化生产适宜区域选择等关键问题,以寻求解决微藻实现规模化生产的路径,并提出相关建议,为中国以微藻为原料生产航空生物燃料产业发展提供参考。     

Dual role of microalgae: Phycoremediation of domestic wastewater and biomass production for sustainable biofuels production

Global threats of fuel shortages in the near future and climate change due to green-house gas emissions are posing serious challenges and hence and it is imperative to explore means for sustainable ways of averting the consequences. The dual application of microalgae for phycoremediation and biomass production for sustainable biofuels production is a feasible option. The use of high rate algal ponds (HRAPs) for nutrient removal has been in existence for some decades though the technology has not been fully harnessed for wastewater treatment. Therefore this paper discusses current knowledge regarding wastewater treatment using HRAPs and microalgal biomass production techniques using wastewater streams. The biomass harvesting methods and lipid extraction protocols are discussed in detail. Finally the paper discusses biodiesel production via transesterification of the lipids and other biofuels such as biomethane and bioethanol which are described using the biorefinery approach.     

Comparison of dairy wastewater and synthetic medium for biofuels production by microalgae cultivation

This study is concerned with comparing raw dairy wastewater (DWW) with blue-green medium (BG11 medium) for biofuel production. Three microalgae strains (Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp., and Chlorella zofingiensis) were cultured in tubular bubble column photobioreactors with two media separately. After 8 days of cultivation, DWW was demonstrated to be more suitable medium for microalgae biomass and lipid production than BG11 medium. The biomass and lipid produced within wastewater provided suitable feedstocks for anaerobic digestion and biodiesel conversion. Nutrients in wastewater were efficiently removed (>90% total nitrogen removal, approximately 100% ammonia removal, and >85% total phosphorus removal) during this process.     

Mixotrophic cultivation,a preferable microalgae cultivation mode for biomass/bioenergy production,and bioremediation,advances and prospect

Microalgae have received much attention in recent years as a feedstock for producing renewable fuels. Microalgae cultivation technology is one of the main factors restricting biomass production as well as energy fuel production and bioremediation. There are four types of cultivation conditions for microalgae: photoautotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic and photoheterotrophic cultivation. Though photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation are two common growth modes of microalgae, some microalgae can also grow better under mixotrophic condition, which may combine the advantages of autotrophic and heterotrophic and overcome the disadvantages. This review compared these growth modes of microalgae and discussed the advantages of mixotrophic mode in bioenergy production by considering the difference in growth, photosynthesis characteristic and bioenergy production. Also, the influence factors of mixotrophic cultivation and the application of mixotrophic microalgae in bioremediation are discussed, laying theoretical foundation for large scale microalgae cultivating for biomass production, bioenergy production and environmental protection.     

国内外生物航油研究现状

介绍了生物航油的特性、原料、生产方法及利用现状。用微藻生产生物航油是今后研究的主要方向,但微藻大规模培养、收集以及提取都存在问题,尚未工业化。植物油需要进行复杂的催化裂解处理,将高碳烷烃分解为低链烷烃;生物质可分解为合成气,然后以合成气为原料,利用费—托合成反应生产相当于煤油的航空代用燃料;热裂解利用生物质为原料,经快速热裂解生产液体产物,但整体产物中轻质烃的产率较低。     

Prospects of using microalgae for biofuels production: Results of a Delphi study

Advanced biofuels, such as those obtained from microalgae, are widely accepted as better choices for achieving goals of incorporating renewables and non-food fuel sources into the transportation sector, and for overcoming land use issues due to biofuel crops. Main challenges are currently the feasibility of large-scale commercialization of microalgae biofuels, since there are still some technical problems to overcome (e.g. the high energy consumption associated with biomass processing) and the majority of economic and financial analyses are based on pilot-scale projects. Therefore, this article presents the results of a Delphi study aiming to identify the main obstacles and most critical issues affecting the potential of large-scale commercialization of microalgae biodiesel and its incorporation into the fuel market. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first Delphi study with this objective. The respondents are worldwide market specialists in the survey themes that ranged from biofuels economics to their environmental sustainability. One of the key findings is that most of the experts believe that production of microalgae biofuels will achieve its full commercial scale until 2020, and that from 2021 till 2030 it could represent from 1% to 5% of the worldwide fuel consumption. The study results also showed that environmental issues are where expert opinion differs more.     

Renewable biomass production by mixotrophic algae in the presence of various carbon sources and wastewaters

This study evaluated mixotrophic growth potential of native microalgae in media supplemented with different organic carbon substrates and wastewaters. Three robust mixotrophic microalgae viz. Chlamydomonas globosa, Chlorella minutissima and Scenedesmus bijuga were isolated after long-term enrichments from industrial wastewater. The mixotrophic growth of these microalgae resulted in 3–10 times more biomass production relative to phototrophy. Glucose, sucrose and acetate supported significant mixotrophic growth. Poultry litter extract (PLE) as growth medium recorded up to 180% more biomass growth compared to standard growth medium BG11, while treated and untreated carpet industry wastewaters also supported higher biomass, compared to BG11 growth with no significant effect of additional nitrogen supplementation. Supplementing treated wastewater and PLE with glucose and nitrogen resulted in 2–7 times increase in biomass relative to the unamended wastewaters or PLE. The consortia of Chlamydomonas–Chlorella and Scenedesmus–Chlorella were the best for PLE and untreated wastewater respectively, while a combination all three strains was suitable for both PLE and wastewater. These algae can be good candidates for biofuel feedstock generation as they would not require freshwater or fertilizers. Such mixotrophic algal consortia offer great promise for production of renewable biomass for bioenergy applications using wastewaters.     

Microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC): an integrated process for electricity generation,wastewater treatment,CO2 sequestration and biomass production

The world today is facing a crisis of energy and environmental pollution. Conventional or photosynthetic microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an advanced “green” energy technology that utilizes living microorganisms to convert biochemical or light energy into electricity through metabolic reaction and photosynthesis, offering a potential solution for the above-mentioned crisis. Further incorporating microalgae into MFC, microalgae-microbial fuel cell (mMFC) integrates electricity generation, wastewater treatment, CO₂ sequestration and biomass production in a single, self-sustainable technology. This review first describes the fundamentals of MFC as well as its applications in treating domestic, municipal, agricultural and industrial wastewaters. Then, mMFC-based configurations and applications with its advantages compared with MFC are explained in particular, together with the parameters governing its performance. Lastly, the opportunities and challenges involved in the development of mMFCs are also explored.