氯化银对黄铜矿精矿生物浸出的影响

日本用氧化亚铁硫杆菌 (Ｔｈｉｏｂａｃｉｌｌｕｓｆｅｒｒｏｏｘｉｄａｎｓ)研究了加入氯化银对含有黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿硫化矿物的黄铜矿精矿生物浸出的影响。加入氯化银加速黄铜矿精矿中铜的溶解。用氯化银比生物浸出开始步骤加入硫酸银溶液铜的溶解速率更大。银的回收率随ＡｇＣｌ的数量的增多而加快。没有ＡｇＣｌ与黄铜矿之间的接触 ,就不会强化黄铜矿的溶解。氯化银对黄铜矿精矿生物浸出的影响@许孙曲     

杂质离子对黄铜矿浸出的影响机理研究

为探究杂质矿物对黄铜矿浸出的影响,考察了不同种类离子对黄铜矿浸出的影响。研究发现:Al2(SO4)3对铜浸出起促进作用,而Na2SO4、K2SO4、MgSO4对铜浸出起抑制作用;相比于SO2-4,Cl-由于可在黄铜矿表面产生疏松多孔硫层,加快浸出剂的扩散,从而对铜浸出起促进作用。动力学分析表明,添加Na+、K+、Al3+时,黄铜矿浸出过程由界面化学反应控制;而Mg2+存在时黄铜矿浸出由扩散反应控制;添加Cl-时,黄铜矿浸出受界面化学反应控制;添加SO2-4时,黄铜矿浸出由扩散反应控制。试验结果可以为黄铜矿湿法冶金过程提高铜浸出率提供参考。     

低电位生物浸出黄铜矿研究

在酸性溶液中,高浓度Fe²⁺离子的存在有助于溶解氧对黄铜矿的氧化浸出。试验驯化培养具有单一硫氧化性的高效浸矿细菌,运用其对单体硫的高效氧化性能,结合Fe²⁺离子对黄铜矿氧化浸出的促进作用,开展黄铜矿低电位生物浸出研究。研究发现硫氧化菌可有效利用黄铜矿氧化溶解的产物--单体硫,将其氧化为硫酸并补充溶液H⁺离子消耗。同时,清除黄铜矿表面氧化溶解产物--单体硫后,有助于离子扩散和黄铜矿的进一步氧化溶解。     

黄铜矿生物浸出中细菌吸附规律研究

通过研究不同矿石浓度、粒度、初始pH值下细菌浸出黄铜矿的吸附规律以及表面活性剂对细菌浸出的影响,结果发现：在浸出初始阶段,细菌吸附量随时间逐渐增加,到达稳定吸附期时,吸附在矿物表面的细菌可占到90%以上;随着浸出时间的延长,经过稳定吸附时期后细菌吸附量会有所下降。表面活性剂吐温-20的存在可促进黄铜矿的氧化溶解,提高矿物的浸出速度,但不能提高铜浸出率,高于其临界值时,吐温-20反而不利于细菌生长,抑制浸出过程。     

堆浸中的非垂直流及其应用

为提高微生物浸出硫化矿物精矿的速度,使该技术实用化,作者以黄铜矿精矿为例,就矿石比表面积、氧气和二氧化碳的溶解速度对微生物浸出速度的影响以及微生物浸出机理等诸方面阐述了其从实验研究所得的新见解。实验所用黄铜矿精矿试料是日本     

黄铜矿精矿微生物浸出的实验研究

为提高微生物浸出硫化矿物精矿的速度,使该技术实用化,作者以黄铜矿精矿为例,就矿石比表面积、氧气和二氧化碳的溶解速度对微生物浸出速度的影响以及微生物浸出机理等诸方面阐述了其从实验研究所得的新见解。实验所用黄铜矿精矿试料是日本     

低温和高温下黄铜矿细菌浸出机理的新资料

《Hydrometallurgy》2003年第71卷第1～2期刊登了Rodriguez Y．等人的文章，介绍了有关低温和高温下黄铜矿细菌浸出机理的新资料。为了测定黄铜矿细菌浸出的直接和间接特性，对其浸出机理进行了研究。同时研究了减少这种硫化矿物溶解速率和抑制其被化学浸蚀的可能的原因。还进行了黄铜矿的电化学研究，包括消除或溶解在矿物表面可能形成的扩散膜。     

不同价态杂质离子对黄铜矿浮选的影响机理研究

随着淡水资源的匮乏,选矿回水逐渐用于浮选黄铜矿,回水中存在的杂质离子会影响黄铜矿浮选指标。因此,以Na+、Ca2+、Al3+为例,研究不同价态的杂质离子对黄铜矿浮选的影响及其作用机理。试验结果表明:NaCl对黄铜矿可浮性有较强的促进效果,高浓度CaCl2对黄铜矿可浮性有明显抑制作用,而AlCl3对黄铜矿可浮性有一定抑制作用,但影响不显著。黄铜矿表面接触角、Zeta电位及物相图表明:高浓度NaCl阻碍气泡兼并,增加矿浆起泡性,压缩矿物表面双电层,减小气泡到达矿物表面的能量壁垒,促进气泡-颗粒的附着,提高黄铜矿可浮性;CaCl2对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用是在溶液中形成了亲水的Ca2+羟基络合物(Ca(OH)+),通过很强的亲和力吸附于黄铜矿表面,降低了黄铜矿表面的Zeta电位负值,进而降低其表面疏水性,抑制黄铜矿浮选;AlCl3对黄铜矿浮选的抑制作用主要是因为形成的亲水氢氧化铝沉淀附着于黄铜矿表面,导致黄铜矿表面疏水性减弱,但由于形成沉淀浓度较低,对黄铜矿表面电位和浮选作用有限。     

低电位化学浸出云南大红山黄铜矿

通常认为Fe3+离子是溶浸黄铜矿的有效氧化剂,Fe2+仅仅是Fe3+离子的供给源。但是有试验研究表明,对某些性质的黄铜矿而言,Fe2+离子比Fe3+离子具有更强的溶浸作用。本文对比了Fe2+与Fe3+离子浸出云南大红山黄铜矿的差异,详细研究了pH值、溶氧和Fe2+离子浓度等因素对低电位化学浸出的影响,并根据试验研究结果,系统总结了低电位化学浸出云南大红山黄铜矿的规律。     

中温及嗜热菌对不同成因黄铜矿浸出行为的影响

以斑岩型黄铜矿和矽卡岩型黄铜矿为研究对象,考察了嗜酸氧化亚铁微螺菌(L f)和嗜热硫氧化硫化杆菌(S t)对不同成因黄铜矿浸出行为的影响。结果表明,在2种不同细菌浸出体系中矽卡岩型黄铜矿均表现出比斑岩型黄铜矿浸出率高;S t浸出2种不同成因黄铜矿的效率均比L f的好。通过对不同浸矿时间黄铜矿浸出渣的XRD检测并结合黄铜矿浸出过程反应步骤的分析表明,2种细菌浸出不同成因黄铜矿的机制相同,细菌的代谢途径及反应温度是影响同类成因黄铜矿浸出率和代谢产物差异的主要原因。S t作用下浸出后期黄铜矿表面有黄钾铁矾生成,而L f浸出体系黄铜矿表面主要是S的不断积累。同种浸矿菌种浸出不同成因黄铜矿时,矽卡岩型黄铜矿在浸出第15 d有S生成,斑岩型黄铜矿在S t浸出体系S生成的时间更晚,在L f浸出体系S的生成量则更少,推测矿物性质是引起其差异的主要原因。     

Enhanced leaching of copper from chalcopyrite in hydrogen peroxide–glycol system

The dissolution of copper from chalcopyrite was investigated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ethylene glycol. Hydrogen peroxide was used as oxidant in the leaching process. Addition of a small amount of ethylene glycol significantly improved the copper dissolution. The copper leaching mechanism was established by examining the influence of various parameters on the reaction rate in the presence of ethylene glycol. The effect of temperature on the reaction kinetics suggests that the leaching reaction follows the surface reaction-controlled model. The linear relationship between the log of reaction rate constant and log of particle radius supports the proposed reaction model. The reaction order was calculated with respect to hydrogen peroxide which indicates that hydrogen peroxide has greater influence on the leaching kinetics. Stirring speed and sulfuric acid concentration are not important variables. Most of the sulfide ions were transformed to elemental sulfur during the reaction. The elemental sulfur was present on the surface of chalcopyrite residue as discrete crystalline particles instead of a coating of continuous film which causes the passivation of chalcopyrite surface. Ethylene glycol was found to stabilize the hydrogen peroxide at elevated temperature which could be another reason for enhanced recovery.     

A preliminary research on acid pressure leaching of pyritic copper ore in Kure Copper Mine, Turkey

The combination of roasting and pressure leaching is an alternative process that offers advantages over conventional processes because of the shorter leaching time and higher metal recovery. The copper and iron sulphide minerals examined in this study were chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂) and pyrite (FeS₂). The best results obtained were with a pre-treatment by roasting followed by acid pressure leaching in an autoclave system. The extraction of copper achieved was over 85%. Copper dissolution in this system is affected by particle size, leaching time and oxygen pressure. This paper presents the preliminary research on acid leaching of pyritic copper ore in an autoclave system under laboratory conditions.     

永平低品位黄铜矿矿石细菌浸出的银离子催化效应

为了提高用氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌混合菌对永平铜矿低品位黄铜矿矿石细菌浸出的效果,通过摇瓶实验,研究了银离子的催化效应。研究表明,在细菌浸出的初始阶段,添加银离子可以大大加快铜的浸出速度和提高铜的浸出率,其中添加初始银离子浓度10 mg/L时,最有利于铜的浸出,在600 h时内铜的浸出率可以从20%增加到65%,比不添加银离子时提高了45%。添加初始银离子使矿石中铁的浸出和溶液中二价铁的细菌氧化明显受到抑制。当有银离子时,低品位黄铜矿矿石在低氧化还原电位下比高氧化还原电位更有利于铜的浸出。     

银离子在细菌浸出黄铜矿中的催化行为研究

对银离子催化细菌浸出黄铜矿进行了研究。在银离子存在下, 矿粒越细, 浸出率就越高;浸出溶液pH 值在1.5～2 时浸出率较高;银离子浓度在10 mg/ L 时浸出效果最好。在实验范围内, 不论银离子初始值大小如何, 银离子在加入浸出体系后主要是以硫化银形式存在, 以离子形式存在于溶液中只占很小一部分。     

Recovery of copper sulphides mineral grains at coarse rock fragments size

Assuming the random distribution of sulphide mineral grains and random rock breakage, a relatively small percentage of sulphide grains will be exposed on the rock surface. Early liberation of sulphide grains needs to be considered in terms of the mechanical properties of such grains relative to the properties of the host rock matrix.Clustering of sulphide mineral grains, will make early liberation possible. Depending on the nature of mineral associations, crushing of such rocks will result in different outcomes. Where clustering is manly of very soft copper minerals, with the host rock being moderately strong feldspars or quartzite’s, the copper rich parts of rock are likely to fragment first, resulting in relatively small size being rich in copper minerals. However, in the case of moderately strong chalcopyrite, the difference in elastic properties between chalcopyrite and feldspar or quartz, will not be significant enough to cause a propensity for early liberation.Where clustering of copper minerals occurs with grains of pyrite (or magnetite), the stronger part of the rock fragment will be one rich in valuable minerals. During crushing of such rock, the sulphides rich zones will fragment in a different way than gangue. Stress concentration within pyrite (or magnetite) will result in failure of the relatively soft surrounding matrix, thus promoting liberation of chalcopyrite or chalcocite grains. Therefore, textural information about the associations of sulphide minerals (copper sulphides vs. pyrite/magnetite/garnet) will be of critical significance in the evaluation of the propensity for coarse liberation of copper sulphide minerals. An absence of close spatial associations will significantly reduce the possibility of early liberation of copper sulphides.During blasting ore is exposed to sufficiently intense, high-strain rate loading to be able to induce micro-fracturing originating from individual sulphides mineral grains as well as their clusters. Due to the high rate of loading, a substantial amount of energy can be dissipated with embryonic rock fragment, before macro-failure of rock, which will relieve rock of blast induced stress. Created micro-cracks will play a significant role in subsequent comminution, where rock fragments with enhanced density of micro-cracks will be crushed more easily. Extensive micro-cracking is also likely to play a significant role during heap or dump leaching, stimulating infiltration/diffusion of leaching fluids into the interiors of rock fragments.     

黄铜矿的浸出及其动力学研究

为揭示黄铜矿的浸出规律,进行了黄铜矿矿物粒度、矿浆pH、矿浆浓度和NaCl浓度对铜浸出过程的影响,并对黄铜矿浸出动力学进行了研究。结果表明:1黄铜矿适宜的浸出粒度为38~75μm,矿浆pH=1,矿浆浓度为10 g/L,NaCl浓度为1 mol/L。2矿浆中NaCl的存在可以有效提高黄铜矿的浸出速度和浸出率,NaCl浓度不超过1mol/L的条件下,随着NaCl浓度的增大,这种促进效果越来越好。3在试验确定条件下,黄铜矿的浸出数据契合表面反应模型,即黄铜矿的浸出速率主要由矿物表面的反应速率决定。