聚氯乙烯掺混树脂的合成与应用

采用不同体系分散剂、不同调粒剂用量合成了系列聚氯乙烯掺混树脂 .观察了掺混树脂在糊树脂加工中的作用 .结果表明 ,采用明胶体系及适量的调粒剂可获得颗粒均匀、光滑致密的聚氯乙烯掺混树脂 ;该种树脂可以改善糊树脂的加工性能和制品质量     

Synthesis of plasticizer ester using acid-functionalized ionic liquid as catalyst

Several plasticizer esters were synthesized by using acid-functionalized ionic liquids as catalyst. The results indicated that HSO3-functionalized Br?nsted acidic ionic liquids show better catalytic and reusable performance than non-functionalized ionic liquids. For each plasticizer ester examined, one or two ionic liquids with high catalytic activity were chosen. Especially, the ionic liquids could be separated easily from the products and be reused at least six times with the conversion of the acid not less than 95%. Therefore, an environmental friendly approach for the synthesis of plasticizer ester is provided.     

High temperature creep of polyvinyl chloride

The creep behaviour of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has been studied in the temperature range 280 to 340° F under constant stress varying from 3.4 to 22.7 p.s.i. It is shown that the steady-state creep rate is an exponential function of stress as suggested by Norton but the exponent decreases with temperature. The activation energy for creep is determined using an activated-state rate process and it is found to be a decreasing function of stress with a higher value at temperatures 320° F and above. It is shown that the time dependent strain can be represented by $$\gamma = \gamma _0 + \dot \gamma _s t + \gamma _T \left[ {1 - \exp \left( { - K\dot \gamma _s t} \right)} \right]$$ where γ ₀ is the instantaneous strain on stressing, \(\dot \gamma _s\) the secondary creep rate, γ _T transient strain, and K is a constant. Scanning electron micrograph studies of the fracture surface and the change in activation energy apparently support the probability of two different deformation mechanisms i.e., domain flow and chain segmental or molecular flow at temperatures below and above 320° F, respectively.     

Elastic behaviour of polyvinyl chloride melts

A study has been made of the elastic behaviour of Polyvinylchloride commercial samples at high shear stresses, under similar conditions to those used in the processing industry, by means of an extrusion capillary rheometer.The influence in the die swell of variables as molecular weight, temperature and shear rate has been studied. Results are in agreement with general literature data.Smooth extrudates are obtained only in the zone of intermediate shear rates. In this zone it is observed that the die swell increases with shear rate.     

Structural-mechanical and thermophysical properties of modified polyvinyl chloride

On the basis of a systematic investigation of the viscoelastic properties of polyvinyl chloride filled with waste from mineral fertilizer and phosphoric acid production in the form of highly dispersed phospho-gypsum, the specific heat is calculated and the energy of interaction of the structural elements of the system matrix is determined, together with the effective thermal conductivity coefficient, with allowance for energy dissipation by the elements of the structure.Translated from Inzhenerno-fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 60, No. 6, pp. 987–994, June, 1991.     

Influence of granular strontium chloride as additives on some electrical and mechanical properties for pure polyvinyl alcohol

A matrix composed of polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) mixed with different concentration ratios of the granular strontium chloride (SrCl₂·6H₂O) were prepared by casting technique method at room temperature (about 30°C). The electric and dielectric properties such as a.c. electrical conductivity by a conventional method, using Keithly 616 digital electrometer, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss were measured. Calculated equilibrium properties such as lattice constant, bulk modulus and elastic constants are in good agreement with experimental results. The calculated activation energy values agree well with experiment only when the SrCO₂ molecules are allowed to displace under strain, indicating the importance of inner strain relaxation. From the elastic constants, theoretical values of the Young’s modulus, shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, of SrCl₂ are obtained. In addition mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, creep relaxation, and energy stored properties for these samples were also determined at room temperature.     

Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles protected with N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride via a relatively weak affinity

A water-soluble cationic chitosan derivative, N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), was synthesized and used as a stabilizing reagent for the synthesis of highly stable Au, Ag and Pt nanoparticles in a single-phase of neutral aqueous solution. The morphology and stability of metallic nanoparticles were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The results showed that well-dispersed metallic nanoparticles have a spherical morphology with diameters of about 3 ± 0.5?nm. The prepared gold nanoparticles are stable in the aqueous solution (no significant changes in their morphology and size within 10?months) due to repulsion between the charged polymer shell coatings around the metallic nanoparticles. The relatively low affinity of TMC on gold nanoparticles was confirmed by using a ligand exchange experiment. The mechanism stabilizing the chitosan derivative and the neighbouring gold nanoparticles was identified by FTIR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR measurements.     

Generalization of the temperature-strain characteristics for polyvinyl chloride under tension

A universal temperature-time characteristic of the stress-strain relation has been derived for polyvinyl chloride under uniaxial tension.Notation P true stress - strain - l ₀ initial length of specimen - l length of specimen at any instant of time - total elongation factor - _p=max elongation factor at maximum stress on P () curve - v elongation rate - strain rate - t time - T absolute temperature - E_t relaxation modulus - H relaxation spectrum - relaxation time - T_S reference temperature, °K - a _T reference temperature coefficient Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 1031–1035, June, 1972.     

Performance properties of pigmented polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites

This work highlighted the role of blue CoO·MgO·Al₂O₃ pigments in changing some properties of PVC composites such as electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. The pigments were prepared by doping different ratios of magnesium in cobalt aluminate crystals using solid–solid interaction. The prepared pigments were characterized by different instrumental analysis (e.g. XRD, SEM and TEM). The influences of different concentrations of nanosized CoO·MgO·Al₂O₃ pigment on PVC prepared by solution blending were studied. The obtained data revealed that PVC nanocomposites containing 1CoO·1MgO·Al₂O₃ pigments show the most promising results. The composites containing 5 wt% of the three compositions of pigments exhibit the optimum electrical, mechanical as well as thermal properties.     

硬质聚氯乙烯用复合发泡剂的研究

采用活化剂(尿素、碳酸锌)和碳酸氢钠对偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)改性制备硬质聚氯乙烯(R-PVC)用复合发泡剂,并用热分析和放气量检测对复合发泡剂进行了表征。结果表明当AC、NaHCO3、尿素和碳酸锌的质量比为10:10:2.5:2.5时所得的复合发泡剂分解温度处于R-PVC成型加工范围内,吸-放热基本平衡,放气量大且无突发性。采用这种复合发泡剂制备的硬质聚氯乙烯发泡材料具有较好的力学性能和微孔结构。     

Synthesis and application of a novel environmental C26 diglycidyl ester plasticizer based on castor oil for poly(vinyl chloride)

A castor oil-derived diglycidyl ester plasticizer (C26-DGE) was prepared and incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) for the first time. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR). The plasticizing effects of C26-DGE as a primary or secondary plasticizer for the commercial plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) were studied. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and migration stabilities of PVC films were investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), TGA-FTIR analysis, and PVC film surface analysis. Tensile, volatility, and extraction tests were also done. The castor oil-based plasticizer was found to endow the PVC matrix with enhanced compatibility and flexibility. With partially or completely substituted DOP, C26-DGE significantly increased the thermal stability of PVC blends. Furthermore, the volatility and extraction resistance of the novel plasticizers were generally superior to those of DOP. The interaction between the C26-DGE and PVC molecules and the thermal degradation process of PVC blends were also investigated.     

Migration of lead from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes

The effect of water quality parameters, such as water pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS), and direct exposure to UV-radiation on the migration of lead, tin and other metal stabilizers, such as calcium, cadmium, and barium from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (uPVC) pipes were investigated using locally manufactured pipes. Specimens of 1m were used to investigate the effect of water quality parameters using the circulatory method. To investigate the effect of UV-radiation, specimens of 33cm long were used throughout the research. The investigation was carried out, using the static method at different times of exposure to the UV-radiation. The concentrations of lead, tin, and other metal stabilizers in the water were evaluated using the inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP) technique. The results on the effect of water quality parameters showed that water pH, temperature, TDS, and time of water circulation were all having an effect on the migration of lead, tin, and other metal stabilizers. On the other hand, exposure to UV-radiation was seen to promote the migration of lead, tin, and other metal stabilizers. A lead concentration of about 0.8mg/l (ppm) was detected after 14 days of exposure to the UV-radiation.     

Surface modification of polyvinyl chloride towards blood compatibility

The surface modification of medical grade polyvinylchloride (pvc) from various sources with the ionic bonding of polyelectrolyte is investigated by exposing thepvc sheets to 1% zephiran chloride for 10 min and then to 50 mg% solution of polyelectrolyte for 10 min. Surface energy and platelet adhesion studies were carried out to demonstrate the suitability of our improved surface towards blood compatibility. Relative changes due toγ-irradiation are also discussed.     

Behavior and products of mechano-chemical dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride and poly (vinylidene chloride)

The mechano-chemical (MC) dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) was performed by mechanical milling PVC/PVDC powder with zinc powder in a planetary ball mill, and the products of dechlorination were characterized by Infrared spectra (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The experimental results show that PVC/PVDC can be easily dechlorinated by milling with zinc powder, and formed various kinds of inorganic and organic products. Inorganic compounds included Zn2OCl(2).2H2O, Zn5(OH)8Cl2.H2O etc., and organic products involved diamond-like carbon, carbyne fragment, polyacetylene etc. Organic products formed following the paths of dechlorination, dehydrochlorination, crosslink, and oxidation. The mechano-chemical dechlorination process of PVC/PVDC may be an effective approach for carbyne synthesizing in the appropriate condition.     

改性石墨烯/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用不同含量的硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH570）对石墨烯（GE）进行改性,将改性GE（KH-GE）与聚氯乙烯（PVC）进行熔融混炼制备KH-GE/PVC复合材料。通过FTIR、Raman、XRD、TEM和SEM表征改性前后GE结构变化,并考察了KH-GE/PVC复合材料的力学性能、导电性能及稳定性能。结果表明,GE∶KH570质量比为1∶2时,KH-GE的层间距较大,改善了GE的团聚,使GE在PVC基体中的分散得到了改善。随着KH-GE含量的增加,KH-GE/PVC复合材料的力学性能显著提高,当KH-GE质量分数为1.5wt%时,KH-GE/PVC复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别为23.98 MPa和226.78%,比未添加KH-GE的PVC复合材料分别提高了51.1%和65.73%;相对于纯PVC,当KH-GE质量分数为1.5wt%时,对应的50%热失重（T_50%）及90%热失重（T_90%）分别从289.81℃和486.01℃提高到298.51℃和596.53℃,提高了KH-GE/PVC复合材料的热稳定性,导电性也显著提高。     

Electrical,mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride composites filled with aluminum powder

In this work, the electrical, mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites filled with different content of aluminum powder varying from 0 to 40 wt.% have been prepared. The dielectric properties of these composites were investigated in the frequency range 100 Hz–100 kHz at temperature range from 30 to 98 °C. The percolation threshold concentration, which is the concentration after which the conductivity increases many orders of magnitude with very little increase in the filler content for PVC/Al composites depends upon the measuring temperature, whether it is below or above the glass transition of the polymer matrix. The highest value of the electrical conductivity, σ, of the composites was found to be in the order of 10⁻⁸ S cm⁻¹, this value recommend such composites to be used in electrostatic dissipation applications as the range of conductivity for such application should be in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁹ S cm⁻¹.     

Complex methylene-blue-sensitized polyvinyl chloride: a polymer matrix for hologram recording

A new polymer matrix sensitized with methylene blue for use as an optical recording material is described here. The characterization is done to determine the optimal recording conditions. These films need no chemical development and are found to be stable for several months. The matrix has excellent shelf life and needs an exposure only as short as 20 s. Direct imaging was done on this material.