轧制温度对TA1/Q345复合板性能的影响

相对于爆炸复合法和爆炸轧制复合法而言,采用真空-轧制生产钛钢复合板的方法更加适应大规模生产需要.本实验将TA1钛材置于两块Q345钢材中间组成组合坯,组合坯经抽真空至0.1 Pa后密封,在840~930℃下进行加热轧制,对轧制复合样进行力学性能检测,并利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析及显微硬度仪对组织与界面结合度进行分析.在该实验条件下,钛钢复合板剪切强度在159 MPa以上,达到了1类复合板标准要求,870℃轧制复合板性能较优.900和930℃轧制时,钛发生相变,同时在界面处生成了较多的金属问化合物,钛和钢的变形抗力相差过大和变形不协调导致界面附近的内应力变大,这些因素都降低了界面的剪切强度.840℃轧制后剪切强度低的原因是由于温度过低影响了界面附近元素的扩散.      

感应加热温度对冷?热轧制成形钛/钢复合板界面的影响

对钛/钢组坯进行冷轧预复合成形,将钛/钢预复合板感应加热至热轧温度后单道次热轧成形制备了钛/钢复合板,研究了感应加热温度对钛/钢复合板的界面组织和界面结合性能的影响。结果表明,冷?热轧制复合法制备的钛/钢复合板的界面结合紧密,没有孔洞和间隙。钛/钢复合板由于感应加热和热轧的时间较短（<5 s）,钛/钢界面仅有少量硬化层碎块,没有金属间化合物析出。钛/钢复合板的界面Ti和Fe元素扩散层宽度随感应加热温度增大而增大,950 ℃时界面扩散层宽度达到8 μm。在感应加热温度为750 ~ 950 ℃的条件下,钛/钢复合板的界面结合良好。      

真空热轧法制备不锈钢复合板组织和力学性能

 为了研究轧制温度对复合板界面结合强度的影响,采用真空热轧法制备了不锈钢复合板,利用OM、EPMA观察分析了不锈钢复合板界面组织和合金元素扩散。结果表明,碳钢中碳、铁元素向不锈钢扩散,不锈钢中铬、镍等元素向碳钢扩散,界面处出现Si-Mn-O三元化合物,合金元素扩散随轧制温度的升高而趋于严重。远离界面碳钢的组织为铁素体和珠光体组织,靠近界面碳钢的组织为铁素体组织。碳钢至界面处硬度先减小后升高,界面至不锈钢内部硬度先升高后下降,距界面约40 μm碳钢侧的维氏硬度值最低约为121.8HV,距界面约20 μm不锈钢侧的维氏硬度值最高约为245.5HV。从1 100到1 300 ℃,剪切强度随轧制温度的升高而升高,1 300 ℃轧制获得的界面剪切强度为463 MPa,远远超过基体的剪切强度。     

Study on the interface of direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates

In this study,the interface characteristics of a direct hot rolling titanium-clad steel plate were analyzed,and the mechanism of interface cracking was explored.The detrimental effect from the formation of TiFe,TiC,and a Si-enriched layer on the bonding strength was clarified,and an industrial-scaled titanium-clad steel plate with shear strength over 200 MPa was produced with a carefully set schedule accordingly.It was found that hot rolling titanium-clad steel plates had a flat interface without obvious cracks.In the rolling process,both Ti and Fe atoms interdiffused,but Fe diffused much faster than Ti.The Fe-diffused area consisted of three regions.After a high temperature heat treatment,the diffusion depth of Fe and Ti elements increased significantly and evident Si segregation and TiFe layers were identified.Thermal cracking initiated in the Si segregation layer and then propagated along the TiFe layer and Fe-diffused layer on the titanium side.     

非对称热轧单面不锈钢-碳钢复合板生产工艺研究

釆用“电子束真空焊接制坯+热轧”的工艺在钢厂热连轧生产线上进行了“316L不锈钢+Q345C碳 钢”的单面不锈钢复合板热轧生产。采用非对称制坯及异步轧制的手段生产出了高品质单面不锈钢复合板,所生 产的不锈钢复合板界面剪切强度大于320 MPa、屈服强度大于370 MPa、抗拉强度大于520 MPa、断后伸长率大于 30%,各项指标均达到GB/T8165-2008的要求。不锈钢层和碳钢层结合度良好,复合界面平直,无明显缺陷,不锈 钢与碳钢之间实现了良好的冶金结合,结合率达100% 。     

不锈钢-碳钢复合带肋钢筋的制备工艺研究

使用金属熔覆和热轧的方法成功制备了覆层为Cr13不锈钢的复合钢筋.通过有限元数值模拟发现,在粗轧区域的高温变形过程,塑性应变主要集中在轧件表层和1/4位置,芯部的变形较表层偏小,随着变形的不断进行,塑性应变不断向碳钢芯部渗透.复合钢筋在成品机架K1变形时,不锈钢全部包裹在碳钢上,但是在横断面的不锈钢覆层厚度分布不均匀,...     

银铜侧向复合材料界面结合机理分析

本文采用“包覆锭坯+扩散烧结+冷轧复合”联合工艺制备了银铜侧向复合带材,利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱仪（EDS）观察分析银铜复合界面结构和元素分布,并分析其银铜复合界面的结合机理。结果表明,银铜复合界面形成过程为：1）银铜接触界面处凹凸不平的表面在轧制力的作用下相互咬合,形成机械结合界面;2）接触面在轧制力的作用下,银铜表面氧化膜破裂,新鲜表面质点间在轧制变形热的作用下产生原子结合;3）在扩散烧结过程中,银铜界面处的原子在高温作用下被激活,银铜原子相互扩散,在界面处发生银铜共晶反应形成液相金属层,随着烧结时间的延长,其共晶反应液相层厚度逐渐增加,随后冷凝结晶,使银铜实现侧向冶金结合。4）在后续中间退火过程中,共晶层与两侧的铜、银基体相互扩散,铜、银原子向更深的方向逐渐扩散,在靠近共晶层铜侧和银侧逐步形成固溶体层,使银与铜的结合强度进一步提高。银铜侧向复合界面结合机理包含机械咬合结合、接触共晶反应自钎焊结合和原子扩散结合3种,复合界面结合强度较好,剪切强度达220 MPa。     

真空轧制825合金/X65钢复合板的组织性能

 针对油气输送领域对耐H2S腐蚀油气复合管线的需求,采用真空轧制复合技术成功制备出825镍基合金/X65高强管线钢复合板。真空轧制复合技术是基于真空电子束焊接和热轧复合所开发出的一种新型复合技术,在高真空、高温和强塑性变形条件下,复合界面实现优异的冶金结合。采用X65/825合金/825合金/X65的4层对称复合轧制模式,并对复合界面的微观组织和力学性能特征进行分析。研究表明,复合界面连续平直,无孔洞和裂纹等缺陷,镍、铬和铁元素在界面两侧发生明显的扩散,另外复合界面生成一条连续的厚度约为1 μm的TiC薄带,在结合界面离散分布少量的颗粒状Al2O3化合物。界面平均剪切强度为404 MPa,拉剪断裂在复合界面处。     

Impulse Pressure Assisted Diffusion Bonding of Low Carbon Steel Using Silver Interlayer

In the present study, impulse pressure assisted diffusion bonding of low carbon steel was carried out using silver interlayer. To study the influence of input process parameters namely bonding temperature (T), maximum pulse pressure (P), and number of pulses (N), experiments of diffusion bonding were conducted according to the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. To reveal the typical bond interface characteristics, selected samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The EDS analysis revealed a diffusion affected zone at the interface due to the diffusion of silver and iron across the interface. Lap joints were developed to measure the shear strength of the diffusion bonds. The optimum level of bonding temperature, maximum pulse pressure and number of pulses (875 °C, 10 MPa and 10 pulses) were identified. The ANOVA results indicated that bonding temperature had the highest statistical effect of 66.37% on shear strength followed by number of pulses and maximum pulse pressure. The fracture surface of the lap joints was also examined by FESEM and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Interface-correlated Characteristics of Stainless Steel/Carbon Steel Plate Fabricated by AAWIV and Hot Rolling

Stainless steel （S S）/carbon steel （C S） clad plates were generated by means of the all-around weld of interface and vacuuming （AAWIV） followed by hot rolling, wherein AAWIV was utilized for controlling the interface oxidation during hot rolling. The structure near the interface was analyzed by optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron mi- croscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The mechanical properties of SS/CS clad plates were investigated by tensile and shear as well as bend tests. The SS/CS interface is relatively flat and no visible separation appears. Line scanning analysis shows that diffusion of Cr and Ni from SS to CS and C from CS to SS occurred during bonding. Higher dislocation densities are observed in both layers of parent plates adhering to the interface. The SS/ CS clad plates reveal higher yield, tensile and shear strengths. Both macroscopic delamination at the interface and fracture of base CS as well as intergranular fracture appearance of flyer plate are observed in the tensile test. The shear specimen fails in a ductile manner and the bend specimen tested shows no visible crack at the interface. Taking both interracial structure and mechanical properties into account, the SS/CS clad plates exhibit sound bonding by the process of AAWIV and hot rolling.     

钛/钢层合板轧制复合研究进展与展望

钛/钢层合板兼具钛的耐腐蚀性与钢的良好强度和塑性,广泛应用于海洋工程装备、水电站、核电站、核潜艇等领域。为进一步推动对钛/钢层合板的深入研究,促进钛/钢层合板的发展,对近年钛/钢层合板制备方法进行分析。分析发现轧制法作为一种经济、环保的制备方法,将会成为制备钛/钢层合板的主流工艺,因此重点讨论轧制钛/钢工艺参数、界面组织特征、界面结合机理与化合物形成机制。分析制备温度、轧制工艺、化合物种类、退火工艺等因素对钛/钢层合板力学性能的影响,发现变形不协调、温度与脆性化合物始终是影响层合板界面强度提升的重要因素。通过添加中间层可以在一定程度上改善界面成分并提高界面结合强度,而温度过高会导致严重的界面缺陷。因此,钛/钢层合板未来的研究方向与发展前景是通过轧制法制备波纹界面层合板以及将辅助能场引入层合板轧制领域。     

钛/钢复合板及其制备应用研究现状与发展趋势

随着钛/钢复合板的应用领域不断拓展,市场对钛/钢复合板的尺寸和性能都提出了新的要求,现有的制备方法和工艺也面临着巨大挑战。本文从原材料情况、复合板尺寸、界面特征和力学性能等方面概述了钛/钢复合板研究现状,评述了钛/钢复合板目前的主要制备方法及其优缺点,综述了表面处理方法、热轧温度、过渡层金属和热处理工艺对钛/钢复合板界面结合质量的影响,阐述了钛/钢复合板的应用现状,指出了钛/钢复合板面临的主要问题及未来的重点研究方向。      

Effect of Operation Parameters on Diffusion Bonded AA5083, AA6082 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys

Rolled plates of 5 mm thick AA5083, AA6082 and AA7075 aluminum alloys Joints were fabricated by diffusion bonding at different temperatures. The microstructure evolution of AA5083, AA6082 and AA7075 aluminium alloys were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Metallurgical investigations and mechanical tests were also performed to correlate the microstructural investigations with the mechanical properties of the produced diffusion bonded joints. It was observed that the bonding and shear strength increased with the increase in bonding temperature due to the diffusion of micro-constituents in the interface. Higher temperature enhanced the uniform distribution of secondary phase particles, which further improved the reduction in pores/defects in the bonded joints.     

Be/HR-1不锈钢扩散连接界面附近的元素扩散

为了优化热静压扩散连接工艺参数,应用有限元法对Be/HR-1不锈钢扩散连接界面附近铁和铍元素的分布进行了计算机模拟,并通过俄歇电子能谱(AES)进行实验测定。结合计算机模拟结果和实验数据探讨了扩散连接界面附近铁和铍元素的分布、扩散宽度与温度、压力和时间的关系。结果表明:在1050℃/60 MPa/2 h和750℃/60 MPa/2 h热静压下,扩散连接界面附近Be,Fe元素分布的实测数据与计算机模拟结果基本吻合;在60 MPa/2 h热静压下,加热温度分别为1050和750℃时对扩散宽度影响的实测数据与计算机模拟结果基本吻合,1050℃时的扩散宽度是750℃时的2.5倍;在750℃/2 h热静压下,压力分别为30,40,50,60 MPa时对扩散宽度影响的实测数据与计算机模拟结果基本吻合,扩散宽度与压力成抛物线关系;在750℃/60 MPa热静压下,扩散宽度与扩散时间的模拟曲线也成抛物线关系。     

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The stainless steel/iron chips core cladding bar was hot-rolled by using recycling iron scrap. The interface of the metals and the influence of rolling pass, rolling temperature, graphite additive on properties of stainless steel/iron chips core cladding bar were analyzed by optical microscope, SEM, EDS and micro hardness tester. The experimental results show that element diffusion occurs at the interface after six passes rolling and the width of diffusion zone is about 70-80??m. The Fe of carbon steel diffuses into stainless steel and the Cr, Ni, Mn of stainless steel diffuse into carbon steel which makes micro hardness of carbon steel near the interface increase obviously. The bonding strength between stainless steel and iron chips core increases with increasing of rolling passes and it is 355MPa after six passes rolling. The tensile strength and elongation of the cladding bar increase with increasing of rolling temperature and they are 470MPa and 32% at 1150??, 500MPa and 35% at 1250??. The composition of iron chips core is improved by adding graphite powder. With the increasing of the graphite in iron chips, the tensile strength of cladding bar increase, but decrease for elongation. White reticular secondary cementite is appearing when the graphite is 1. 0% and the tensile strength is up to 736. 5MPa, the elongation decrease to 16%. The tensile fracture shows brittle fracture morphology.     

热轧7075/AZ31B复合板的显微组织及结合性能

为了研究热轧铝/镁复合板结合强度的变化规律,本文综合考虑压下率、轧制温度和轧制速度等多种轧制参数,单道次热轧制备了7075 Al/AZ31B Mg复合板。结果表明:在复合板轧制过程中由于热和强变形作用组织发生了动态再结晶,且增大轧制速度有助于镁基体产生完全动态再结晶。在相同轧制温度下,铝镁复合板结合强度均随压下率增加先升高后降低;强度升高是由于界面元素扩散宽度的增大和镁合金近界面晶粒组织的细化所致,强度降低是由于大变形导致镁基体近界面处产生裂缝,以及塑性功产生热量过多使得镁基体温度升高导致的镁侧晶粒长大所致。对复合板进行拉剪实验,铝镁结合界面剪切强度较低时,断裂发生在复合界面处且成脆性断裂特征,强度较高时断口形貌呈韧性断裂特征,断裂发生在镁基体侧。      

2205不锈钢-碳钢复合带肋钢筋的热轧

 为了研究覆层为2205不锈钢的复合钢筋的热加工范围,利用Gleeble-3800进行热模拟试验,得出2205不锈钢的高温流变曲线及热加工图,并最终确立复合钢筋的开轧温度不低于1 150 ℃。利用有限元软件对复合钢筋的粗轧和精轧道次进行数值模拟,结果表明,粗轧变形时,应变集中在轧件表层和1/4位置,随着变形不断向芯部渗透,塑性应变较大的位置不锈钢覆层较薄;在精轧k1道次变形时,发现在横肋根部的不锈钢覆层厚度最薄,在横肋顶部的覆层厚度最大。对复合钢筋的界面进行研究后发现,Cr、Ni、Mo的扩散距离为18~20 μm,从碳钢侧到不锈钢侧的微观组织依次为铁素体和珠光体、脱碳组织、复合界面、奥氏体不锈钢组织、铁素体和奥氏体不锈钢双相组织。     

Bonding Interface Formation between Mg Alloy and Steel by Liquid-phase Bonding using the Ag Interlayer

Liquid-phase bonding between a Mg alloy (AZ31) and low-carbon steel was attempted at 773 K (500 °C) using Ag as an interlayer that forms a eutectic melt with the Mg alloy at this temperature. On the AZ31 side, eutectic melting and subsequent isothermal solidification were observed, and it was confirmed that the solidification of the eutectic liquid was promoted by the diffusion of Ag into the AZ31 base metal. On the steel side, Al was transported from AZ31 during the eutectic melting and isothermal solidification. This transported Al was enriched at the steel surface and reacted with steel to form a uniform, thin Fe-Al intermetallic compound layer. After the isothermal solidification, strong bonding was achieved via the thin intermetallic compound layer between AZ31 and steel, and no Ag remained at the bonding interface. The strength of the joint was found to be higher than the yield strength of AZ31.     

不锈钢/碳钢耐蚀海水带肋钢筋轧制复合工艺

摘要：海洋工程用带肋钢筋要求有耐氯离子腐蚀能力，但选用双相不锈钢生产成本过高，不锈钢 碳钢轧制复合钢筋则可兼顾耐蚀性和低成本。覆层采用2205不锈钢，基材为低合金钢20MnSi，用有限元方法模拟钢筋的热轧复合过程，分析轧制过程尤其是成品孔中轧件的变形规律。有限元仿真发现，矩形组合坯料无孔型轧制时，其角部复合困难，而成品孔轧制时，钢筋横肋根部的应变最大，覆层在此位置减薄显著，应选择合适的复合坯覆层厚度。在实验室采用焊接、真空处理和热轧方法制备了直径为16mm的复合钢筋，屈服强度为485MPa，抗拉强度为701MPa，断后伸长率约为37.1%，复合界面剪切强度为317.5MPa。复合钢筋呈良好的冶金结合，Fe和Cr的扩散层厚度约为40μm。该工艺生产的复合带肋钢筋成本较不锈钢降低50%以上。     

金属粉末作中间材热轧制备不锈钢复合板

针对真空热轧制备不锈钢复合板工艺复杂和碳元素在复合界面扩散易形成碳化物影响结合强度的问题,进行了在低碳钢和不锈钢之间加入金属粉末的不锈钢/低碳钢非真空热轧试验研究。结果表明,金属粉末作为中间层时,不锈钢和低碳钢容易达到良好的冶金结合,还可以阻碍碳元素向复合界面处扩散,减少了碳铬化合物形成,有利于界面结合强度的提高。