直径变化对三圆柱绕流的影响

数值研究了直径变化对三圆柱绕流的影响.在上游布置一个直径在d/D=0.15～2.0范围变化的圆柱,再以并列形式布置两个直径为D的圆柱.用有限元法对不等直径三圆柱的二维绕流进行数值模拟,分别求出在不同直径比下的流场分布和各个圆柱的升、阻力系数以及Strouhal数.结果发现:在直径比的变化过程中,流场可分为五类;升、阻力系数和Strouhal数的变化都有一定规律.     

流向振荡圆柱绕流中的涡脱落模态分析

本文用有限体积法对平行于均匀来流方向受迫振荡的圆柱绕流问题进行了二维数值模拟。雷诺数选取Re=200、855等几种亚临界雷诺数情况。研究了不同振幅和振动频率下的流场结构、涡脱落模态和一些重要流动参数如升阻力系数、Strouhal数的变化关系。西文计算表明，流向振荡圆柱绕流中涡脱落方式可划分为对称与反对称两种形态，在反对称的涡脱落现象中又观察到了三种基本模态，相互竞争的各种模态间的共同作用对流动特征起决定性作用。同时计算结果还验证了在圆柱绕流实验中观察到的频率锁定现象。     

双圆柱在不同排列方式下绕流流态模拟

双圆柱绕流伴随着流动分离、旋涡生成与脱落、旋涡间相互干扰等复杂问题,其流动形态和流动特征受圆柱相对位置影响。使用FLUENT流体软件,选取间距比1.75,2.5和4,在二维层流模型下,模拟了双圆柱串列、30°夹角错置、60°夹角错置和双圆柱并列绕流,分析了双柱绕流流态、旋涡脱落形态、升力、阻力系数随圆柱相对位置改变而变化的规律,并对比已有的试验成果和模拟成果,为桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供了基础数据。     

低雷诺数60°交叉双圆柱直接数值模拟研究

交叉双圆柱在工程应用中较为广泛.为了解决交叉双圆柱绕流问题,该文应用OpenFOAM开源代码对Re=200,不同间隙比G(间隙/直径,G=0.5,1,2和4)条件下60°交叉双圆柱流场进行了直接数值模拟(DNS)研究,得到了两圆柱的时均阻力系数,斯特劳哈尔数(St)以及间隙附近的流线图、涡量图和Ω涡识别图.研究表明,随...     

高雷诺数下串列双圆柱绕流的影响因素研究

针对串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值研究,利用Fluent软件建立二维数值模型,探究了不同柱体间距、不同柱体表面粗糙度对串列双圆柱阻力系数、升力系数、St数的影响。采用SST k-ω湍流模型,对雷诺数为1×10~6,柱体间距L/D分别为1.75、1.90、2.20、2.50,表面粗糙度Rh在0~0.5%D范围内的串列双圆柱进行数值模拟。结果表明:柱体间距L/D在1.75~2.50范围内,光滑柱体表面下,St数、后柱平均阻力系数会随着柱体间距的增加而增大;同时,柱体间距对升力系数振幅也存在极大影响。改变柱体表面粗糙度,会使柱体间距为1.75的串列双圆柱前柱平均阻力系数在Rh=0.2%D时降低7%,而各柱间距下的后柱平均阻力系数会随粗糙度的增加而减小。研究成果能够为河道桥梁建设和圆柱绕流理论研究提供基础数据。     

圆柱尾迹流场中横向振荡翼型绕流的数值模拟

该文数值模拟了静止圆柱尾迹中横向振荡翼型绕流的涡结构、力及频谱特性,揭示前方尾迹流场对振荡翼绕流特性的影响,以了解鱼类游动时自主利用前方流场有利干扰的流体力学机理。研究表明圆柱尾迹的影响可导致翼型前缘涡脱落模态发生变化;翼型尾迹的频谱特性更加复杂;在一定的参数下翼型阻力系数可以整体下降。     

特征线算子分裂有限元的圆柱绕流大涡模拟

为研究圆柱绕流流场特性,将大涡模拟与特征线算子分裂有限元相结合,建立了大涡模拟特征线算子分裂有限元模型,对单圆柱和串列双圆柱绕流问题进行了数值模拟,所得结果与现有研究结果吻合较好。模拟结果表明:对单圆柱绕流,随着雷诺数的增大,圆柱近尾流区上下交替的涡旋逐渐靠近通过圆柱几何中心的水平线,且涡脱落位置逐渐靠近圆柱。对Re=1 000的串列双圆柱绕流,临界间距在圆柱直径的2.25~2.5倍之间;当两圆柱间距小于临界间距时,上游圆柱后方无明显涡旋脱落,间隙处压力较稳定;大于临界间距时,有涡旋脱落,上游圆柱尾流区上下表面交替出现强负压区。     

方柱绕流CFX三维数值模拟

该文利用计算流体力学软件CFX,对恒定来流条件下黏性不可压缩流体的圆柱和方柱绕流进行了数值模拟。采用有限体积法和SIMPLE计算方法,求解不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程。首先开展雷诺数(Re)等于100和300时的圆柱和方柱绕流问题的二维数值模拟,分析比较了网格大小和时间步长对模拟结果的影响,并比较了不同柱体情况下的流体流动的差异性。进而对Re=100、300时方柱绕流问题进行了三维数值模拟,重点分析了各截面上阻力和升力系数、Strouhal数以及涡量特性与二维结果的差异。发现Re=300时,周向压力、速度场和涡量场与Re=100时相比存在明显的三维特性,并且由于二维流动结构发展成三维流动结构时需要消耗能量,导致三维的阻力升力系数计算结果均小于二维计算结果。研究表明,该文的数值结果与文献结果吻合良好。     

串列梯形柱绕流水动力特性数值分析

该文采用数值模拟分析了雷诺数为150和间距比为3的串列双梯形柱绕流水动力特性。当梯形柱背流面与迎流面长度比为d/D=0、0.3和0.5时,双柱的上侧旋涡融合,在尾部形成了不对称的P+S泄涡模式,导致下游柱体承受的平均升力偏离零值。d/D=0.7的双梯形柱泄涡转变为2S模式,表现为上游柱体旋涡与下游柱体旋涡融合后交替脱落。双方柱(d/D=1)间隙以及下游方柱尾部均形成了准静态涡,剪切层有小幅摆动,但未卷曲形成旋涡。d/D=0和0.3时,上游柱体后方由于边界层再附着形成了次生涡,增大了局部压力。随着d/D的增大,上游柱体旋涡形成长度增长,双柱间隙流动趋于稳定,下游柱体前缘的横向速度脉动逐渐减弱,其后方的尾迹也趋于对称。上游柱体的遮蔽效应使其平均阻力大于下游柱体,而间隙流的不稳定性与边界层的交替再附着使得下游柱体升力偏大。双方柱绕流场处于拟稳定状态,其水动力系数远小于三棱柱和梯形柱。相较于双圆柱,三棱柱和梯形柱的边界层分离点靠前,增大了绕流的升阻力。     

高雷诺数下双圆柱绕流的数值模拟

本文使用表面涡法研究高雷诺数下不同排列方式双圆柱绕流的流动状态，计算了双圆柱在并列、串列及级列的情况下的各种流动结构，涡街的变化及作用在圆柱上的受力情况。本文结果清楚地描述了双圆柱绕流复杂的流动状况，计算结果与实验显示的流动状况十分相似，斯特罗哈数和阻力系数与实验结果符合得很好。     

不同长细比圆柱绕流的大涡模拟

自从人们对层流圆柱绕流现象有了系列研究及清楚的认识后,逐渐把目光投向湍流的圆柱绕流问题,但高雷诺数下的圆柱绕流具有很强的三维特性,因此在数值计算时模型轴向长度的选取是大家关心的问题。该文基于开源软件OpenFOAM运用LES计算了4种不同长细比圆柱的静止圆柱绕流(包括一个二维算例),重点分析和对比了结果中的一些基础参数如St数、平均阻力系数等,与实验结果吻合良好。文中还进一步分析了时均顺流向速度U在流场中沿流向和横向的分布,发现长细比为π的圆柱算例中,计算域的轴向尺度已经能满足圆柱下游靠近圆柱处的流场中的三维结构的发展。     

并列旋转双圆柱流动特性的数值模拟

该文基于k - ε湍流模型,采用Galerkin有限元法对并列旋转双圆柱的绕流特性进行了数值模拟,计算的雷诺数为 1550.为了考查两圆柱旋转和间距的相互作用,文中采用三种间距比分别是T/D = 1.2,1.6和3.0 (T 为两圆柱中心之间的距离,D为圆柱直径) 和一系列不同的旋转速度比 (|α| ≤ 2).计算显示,当 |α| = 0,即圆柱不转动时,对应三种间距有三种典型的流型,单钝体流型对应小间距、偏流对应中等间距和对称流对应大间距;当 |α| 达到临界值时,涡脱落得到了有效的抑制,流动趋于稳定,升力系数和阻力系数的脉动值趋于零;平均升力系数和阻力系数随着 |α| 的增大分别增大和减小.     

FLOW PAST TWO ROTATING CIRCULAR CYLINDERS IN A SIDE-BY-SIDE ARRANGEMENT

Measurements were performed using Particle Image Velocimetry(PIV) to analyze the modification of flow by the combined effects of the rotation and the Reynolds number on the flow past two rotating circular cylinders in a side-by-side-arrangement at a range of 425 ≤ Re≤ 1130,0 ≤α≤ 4(α is the rotational speed) at one gap spacing of T / d =1.11(T and d are the distance between the centers of two cylinders and the cylinder diameter,respectively).A new Immersed-Lattice Boltzmann Method(ILBM) scheme was used to st...     

垂直上升气液两相流中三角形柱体两相斯托拉赫数的研究

本文试验研究了两种规格三角形柱体，在垂直上升气液两相流中，发生气液两相涡街时，气液两相斯托拉赫数的变化规律。在测得大量数据的基础上，得出了发生气液两相涡街时，气液两相斯托拉赫数的通用关系式，研究表明，气液两相斯托拉赫数在两相工况下为一变数，与来流截面含气率、涡街发生体形状和特征尺寸、来流方向等因素有关，应用此关系式，根据测得的两相涡街频率可钎涡街发展体作为测量两相流流量与组分的测量元件。     

2-D eddy resolving simulations of flow past a circular array of cylindrical plant stems

In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations(LES) are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction(SVF) of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders(rigid plant stems) of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers(SSLs) forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case(21.5%), the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which suggests LES is a better option to numerically investigate flow in channels containing canopy patches, given that LES is computationally much less expensive than DNS at high Reynolds number. To prove this point, the paper also discusses results of 2-D LES conducted at a much higher Reynolds number, where the near-wake flow is strongly turbulent. For the higher Reynolds number cases, where the influence of the turbulence model is important, the effect of the sub-grid scale model and the predictive capabilities of the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) approach to predict flow past porous cylinders are discussed.     

低雷诺数条件下并列三圆柱绕流的尾流模式和水动力系数研究

该文应用浸入边界法对雷诺数Re(28)100和间距比T/D(28)1.1-5.0条件下的等间距并列三圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟。研究发现,尾流模式与无量纲圆柱间距比T/D密切相关,在所研究的间距比范围内共出现六种尾流模式,分别为:单体尾流模式(T/D(28)1.1-1.2)、偏斜尾流模式(T/D(28)1.3)、第一类Flip-Flopping(FF1)尾流模式(T/D(28)1.4-1.5)、第二类Flip-Flopping(FF2)尾流模式(T/D(28)1.7-2.3)、同步尾流模式(T/D(28)2.5-3.2)和调制尾流模式(T/D(28)3.3-5.0)。通过分析近尾流的涡量图、升阻力系数时程曲线和不同圆柱所受升力的相位差,详细研究了各个尾流模式的特点和联系。     

中等Reynolds数下并列方柱统流的数值模拟──MAC－AF1方法及其应用

本文通过采用ＭＡＣ－ＡＦ１方法求解原始变量二维不可压非定常Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，对中等Ｒａｙｎｏｌｄｓ数绕流下的并列方柱绕流进行了数值模拟。通过对Ｒｅ＝３００、５００、１０００、２０００及间隙度为ｓ／ｈ＝２．３时并列方柱的数值计算表明：Ｒｅ数对横向力的变化频率毫无影响，恰好是单方柱绕流横向力变化频率的两倍。阻力的频率与横向力的频率相同，阻力的时间平均值基本上与Ｒｅ数无关，但随着Ｒｅ数的增大，阻力和横向力随时间变化的波动幅度稍微有所增加。本文计算的方柱阻力时间平均值和横向力的频率与实验值符合得很好。     

Numerical simulation of flow past twin near-wall circular cylinders in tandem arrangement at low Reynolds number

Fluid flow past twin circular cylinders in a tandem arrangement placed near a plane wall was investigated by means of numerical simulations. The two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations were solved with a three-step finite element method at a relatively low Reynolds number of Re = 200 for various dimensionless ratios of 0.25 ≤ G/D ≤ 2.0 and 1.0 ≤ L/D ≤ 4.0, where D is the cylinder diameter, L is the center-to-center distance between the two cylinders, and G is the gap between the lowest surface of the twin cylinders and the plane wall. The influences of G/D and L/D on the hydrodynamic force coefficients, Strouhal numbers, and vortex shedding modes were examined. Three different vortex shedding modes of the near wake were identified according to the numerical results. It was found that the hydrodynamic force coefficients and vortex shedding modes are quite different with respect to various combinations of G/D and L/D. For very small values of G/D, the vortex shedding is completely suppressed, resulting in the root mean square (RMS) values of drag and lift coefficients of both cylinders and the Strouhal number for the downstream cylinder being almost zero. The mean drag coefficient of the upstream cylinder is larger than that of the downstream cylinder for the same combination of G/D and L/D. It is also observed that change in the vortex shedding modes leads to a significant increase in the RMS values of drag and lift coefficients.     

绕方柱流脉动压力场的大涡模拟

采用有限差分法，对雷诺数为22000的绕方柱流的脉动压力场进行了三维大涡模拟。采用时间分解算子法，将N－S方程分为对流分步、扩散分步和传播分步，再分别进行计算，在大涡模拟中，用两层模型处理Smagorinsky模型在近壁区模拟结果的发散问题。计算的压力场以及阻力系数、升力系数和Strouhal数均与试验结果较为吻合。     

低雷诺数下并列双波浪柱尾迹干扰效应数值模拟

该文针对雷诺数Re=100下不同波长参数(/mλD=2、4、6和8)、不同间距比(1.5/3.5m≤L D≤)的并列双波浪柱后尾迹复杂的三维流动结构及干扰效应进行了数值研究。研究表明:三维并列双波浪柱在较小的间距比/1.5mL D=时,波峰对波谷排列的并列波浪柱后尾迹呈现明显偏置双稳流动结构,而波峰对波峰排列工况下基本呈现单一波浪型钝体后尾迹流动结构(尤其是在大波长/mλD=6和8时);当间距比/3mL D≥时,随着波长/mλD的增大,上下波浪柱各自呈现单波浪柱后尾迹流动结构;较大波长的三维波浪形状更好地组织了后尾迹三维流动结构,减少了并列双波浪柱后尾迹的相互干扰,从而减阻减振明显,最高减阻可达14.5%,脉动升力系数上下游波浪柱均趋于0.1。该研究可为近海工程的多立管结构及悬索桥的拉索振动抑制等提供理论支持。