A quasi-orthogonal group space-time architecture to achieve a better diversity-multiplexing tradeoff

Most existing MIMO (multiput-input multiput-output) schemes optimize only either the diversity gain or the multiplexing gain. To obtain a good tradeoff between these two, the quasi-orthogonal group space-time (QoGST) architecture is proposed, wherein the transmit stream is subgrouped but encoded via an inter-group space-time block encoder, with group interference suppression at the receiver. This paper also considers another combined space-time coding and layered space-time architecture, which we refer to as group layered space-time (GLST), where space-time block coding is employed within each group. Under the assumption of Rayleigh fading and a prior perfect channel state information at the receiver, a performance analysis will demonstrate that both QoGST and GLST can achieve a good diversity-multiplexing tradeoff. QoGST is even superior to GLST. Simulation results will validate our analysis and further show that compared to the existent layered space-time block code (LSTBC) scheme, both QoGST and GLST can achieve a significant performance gain     

采用故意时延的V-BLAST系统的最佳迫零检测

Shao(2007)提出了一种故意时延的垂直贝尔实验室分层空时码结构(V-BLAST)系统,但是其中提出的迫零检测算法并不是满足迫零准则下的最优算法。本文直接从接收天线处的未采样连续信号数学模型分析入手,利用泛函分析的方法推导出了该系统最优的迫零检测算法,理论和仿真都表明该算法优于Shao提出的迫零算法。本文的工作对进一步研究这种新型的故意时延的V-BLAST系统具有较为重要的意义。     

莱斯信道下多载波异步发射分层空时码设计

视距路径的存在使多天线信道矩阵的条件数增加,造成同步多载波分层空时码的线性检测性能严重下降甚至失效。针对这一现实问题,该文提出了一种新的发射信号设计方法：在频域上将每个天线上的多载波信号异步发射。在莱斯信道中得到了联合迫零检测的误比特率表达式,并在未编码和Turbo编码情况下与同步多载波分层空时码进行了仿真对比。理论分析和仿真结果表明：异步多载波发射结构能够突破同步多载波分层空时码对接收天线数的限制,利用线性检测方法可以获得系统的最大可能空间分集度。     

An efficient detector for combined space-time coding and layered processing

Group layered space-time architecture (GLST) combines space-time block coding and layered space-time processing, where the transmit stream is partitioned into different groups, and in each group, space-time block coding is applied. In the traditional receiver of GLST, group detection is applied first to suppress the interference from other groups, and then decoding is performed for the desired group. In this letter, a novel detector is proposed in which the entire groups are decoded first, and then group detection is performed next. Theoretical analysis will demonstrate that the new detector can achieve a significant capacity gain compared with the traditional one. Simulation results will further show that the proposed detector can obtain at least 4 dB gain at a frame-error rate of 10/sup -2/, for instance.     

New Approach for Error Compensation in Coded V-BLAST OFDM Systems

In this paper, we investigate coded layered space-time architectures for frequency-selective fading multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) channels. By computing outage capacity formulas, we will show that the capacity of the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture can closely approach the Shannon capacity in the frequency-selective OFDM environment. Motivated by the capacity analysis, we propose pragmatic approaches which preserve the optimality of the layered space-time concept. We present methods to prevent the error propagation from catastrophically affecting the signal detection in subsequent layers. First, we start with a comprehensive signal modeling which includes error propagation. We derive an improved signal detector and describe the optimal soft-bit log-likelihood ratio value-computation method by taking decision errors into account for soft-input channel decoding. Then, to further enhance the V-BLAST performance, we show that cancellation using decoded decisions from previous layers makes the decision errors almost completely disappear, so that the layered space-time architecture can approach the attainable channel capacity. Finally, simulations confirm that the proposed schemes show a significant performance improvement over the conventional methods     

Optical time-division multiplexing for very high bit-ratetransmission

Optical time-division multiplexing (OTDM) extends and expands the well-known techniques of electrical time-division multiplexing into the optical domain. In OTDM, optical data streams are constructed by time-multiplexing a number of lower-bit-rate optical streams. Opportunities for very high-speed transmission and switching are created by removing limitations set by the restricted bandwidth of electronics and by capitalizing on the inherent high-speed characteristics of optical devices. An overview of recent work in optical time-division multiplexing and demultiplexing is presented. Design considerations affecting system architecture are described. Emphasis on the factors that limit system performance, such as crosstalk between multiplexed channels. Examples of very high bit-rate optical time-division multiplexed system experiments using short pulses from mode-locked semiconductor lasers and high-speed Ti:LiNbO₃ waveguide switch/modulators are presented     

基于V-BLAST的特征波束形成技术在大规模MIMO中的运用

为了获得较高的频谱效率及较低的误码率,提出了大规模MIMO系统中基于V-BLAST的特征波束形成技术(the Eigen-Beamforming combined with V-BLAST,V-BLAST&E-BF),利用大规模天线形成多个特征波束,在这些特征波束上传输多个码流,既可以获得阵列增益又可以获得复用增益.仿真结果表明:提出的方案较MF预编码和传统特征波束形成技术具有较好的性能,并且在接收端无须进行传统V-BLAST的检测算法(如MMSE检测、ZF检测)亦可分离出信号.     

STBC和BLAST相结合的HSPA+天线配置方案

为了改进现有的TD-SCDMA系统,HSPA 在TD-SCDMA的基础上引入MIMO技术,从而获得更高的传输速率和更好的系统性能.本文结合MIMO空时码技术中分层空时码和空时分组码各自的特点,并针对BLAST抗衰落性能差和STBC编码速率不高的特点,研究了一种分层结构的空时分组编码方法,以期同时获得空间分集和复用增益.并将之运用到实际的多用户HSPA 系统中,用于改进现有的TD-SCDMA系统.仿真结果证明该方法既能增强HSPA 系统的数据传输速率,又能提高其性能.     

一种基于MIMO空时分集的HARQ方法及其性能分析

通常,MIMO利用降低空时编码效率的方法,在复用增益与分集增益乘积一定的约束条件下,实现二者折衷;该文则从系统设计的角度,通过分析VBLAST,HARQ,STBC内在的联系,构造一种新型的混合重传方法,实现编码与HARQ二者平滑对接,在保持空时码满的复用增益前提条件下,以HARQ时延换取信噪比的提升,额外引入分集增益。同时,该文对信道相关性、重传时间与空间分集之间的重要关系作了系统深入的理论分析。仿真结果表明,所提方法对不同信道环境下的系统性能均有较大的提升。     

Layered space-time receivers for frequency-selective wirelesschannels

Results in information theory have demonstrated the enormous potential of wireless communication systems with antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver. To exploit this potential, a number of layered space-time architectures have been proposed. These layered space-time systems transmit parallel data streams, simultaneously and on the same frequency, in a multiple-input multiple-output fashion. With rich multipath propagation, these different streams can be separated at the receiver because of their distinct spatial signatures. However, the analysis of these techniques presented thus far had mostly been strictly narrowband. In order to enable high-data-rate applications, it might be necessary to utilize signals whose bandwidth exceeds the coherence bandwidth of the channel, which brings in the issue of frequency selectivity. In this paper, we present a class of layered space-time receivers devised for frequency-selective channels. These new receivers, which offer various performance and complexity tradeoffs, are compared and evaluated in the context of a typical urban channel with excellent results     

A new approach to layered space-time coding and signal processing

The information-theoretic capacity of multiple antenna systems has been shown to be significantly higher than that of single antenna systems in Rayleigh-fading channels. In an attempt to realize this capacity, Foschini (1996) proposed the layered space-time architecture. This scheme was argued to asymptotically achieve a lower bound on the capacity. Another line of work has focused on the design of channel codes that exploit the spatial diversity provided by multiple transmit antennas (Tarokh et al. 1998, Hammons and Gamal 2000). In this paper, we take a fresh look at the problem of designing multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. First, we develop a generalized framework for the design of layered space-time systems. Then, we present a novel layered architecture that combines efficient algebraic code design with iterative signal processing techniques. This novel layered system is referred to as the threaded space-time (TST) architecture. The TST architecture provides more flexibility in the tradeoff between power efficiency, bandwidth efficiency, and receiver complexity. It also allows for exploiting the temporal diversity provided by time-varying fading channels. Simulation results are provided for the various techniques that demonstrate the superiority of the proposed TST architecture over both the diagonal layered space-time architecture in Foschini (1996) and the multilayering approach (Tarokh et al. (1999).     

Combined array processing and space-time coding

The information capacity of wireless communication systems may be increased dramatically by employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. The goal of system design is to exploit this capacity in a practical way. An effective approach to increasing data rate over wireless channels is to employ space-time coding techniques appropriate to multiple transmit antennas. These space-time codes introduce temporal and spatial correlation into signals transmitted from different antennas, so as to provide diversity at the receiver, and coding gain over an uncoded system. For large number of transmit antennas and at high bandwidth efficiencies, the receiver may become too complex whenever correlation across transmit antennas is introduced. This paper dramatically reduces encoding and decoding complexity by partitioning antennas at the transmitter into small groups, and using individual space-time codes, called the component codes, to transmit information from each group of antennas. At the receiver, an individual space-time code is decoded by a novel linear processing technique that suppresses signals transmitted by other groups of antennas by treating them as interference. A simple receiver structure is derived that provides diversity and coding gain over uncoded systems. This combination of array processing at the receiver and coding techniques for multiple transmit antennas can provide reliable and very high data rate communication over narrowband wireless channels. A refinement of this basic structure gives rise to a multilayered space-time architecture that both generalizes and improves upon the layered space-time architecture proposed by Foschini (see Bell Labs Tech. J., vol.1, no.2, 1996)     

Multiple LDPC-Encoder Layered Space-Time-Frequency Architectures for OFDM MIMO Multiplexing

This paper is focused on the study of layered space-time-frequency (LSTF) architectures with channel coding for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing systems for high speed wireless communications over a frequency-selective fading channel. In order to achieve the available spatial, temporal and frequency diversities, and also make the system implementation feasible for high speed OFDM MIMO multiplexing, a novel LSTF architecture with multiple channel encoders is proposed with each independently coded layer being threaded in the three-dimensional space-time-frequency transmission resource array. Non-iterative receiver is adopted which consists of list sphere detector and irregular low-density parity-check codes as the constituent codes. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed multiple-encoder LSTF architecture is very close to that of the conventional single-encoder LSTF where coding is applied across the whole information stream. However, due to the use of multiple parallel encoders/decoders with a shorter codeword length, the proposed LSTF architecture has much lower hardware processing speed and complexity than the conventional LSTF.     

分层空时码检测算法的研究

分层空时码技术是提高无线信道传输速率的一种十分有效的方法.迫零检测算法和最小均方误差检测算法是分层空时码体制中经常使用的两种检测算法,它们都使用了通常的线性合并置零技术,因此要求接收天线数不小于发射天线数,即要求在接收机上安装较多的天线,从而限制了分层空时码在移动环境下的应用.本文引入分层空时码的最大似然检测算法,突破了前两种算法对接收天线数的限制,并分别针对单路径和多径衰落信道环境,对分层空时码的三种检测算法的性能进行了仿真比较和分析,从而提出了它们各自适合的应用环境.     

Multiuser beamforming based on max SINR for downlink spatial multiplexing MIMO

In this article, a method based on max signal interference noise ratio (SINR) criterion is proposed, to mitigate the interuser interference for downlink multiuser spatial multiplexing multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems.Unlike the zero forcing (ZF) scheme in which the SNR is decreased when the interference is eliminated completely, max SINR method makes a compromise between noise and interuser interference.When the number of substreams is larger than the difference between the number of base station antennas and the sum of interference mobile station antennas, the ZF is infeasible.An existing coordinated TX-RX block diagonalization (COOR BD) method uses preprocessing at the receiver to cancel the interuser interference.However, it cannot obtain more receive diversity gain because of the preprocessing.Analysis and simulation show that the max SINR scheme has better performance than the ZF method.Moreover, when the ZF is infeasible, the max SINR scheme can obtain more receive diversity gain than COOR BD in the two-user case.     

基于迫零检测的异步V-BLAST最优发射功率分配

由于异步发射V-BLAST各路子流的符号在时间上未对齐,同步V-BLAST所采用的逐符号功率分配方法不再适用。针对这个问题,该文提出了一种以块平均误比特率为优化目标,逐符号块进行功率分配的方法。该方法首先计算每个符号的瞬时信噪比,然后求出异步符号块的平均误比特率,最后求解优化问题得到各天线的最优发射功率值。平坦瑞利衰落信道下的仿真表明：两发两收、BPSK调制、迫零检测的异步V-BLAST,误比特率为10-3时最优功率分配有2dB的性能改善。     

MIMO系统中线性弥散空时码的优化设计

MIMO系统的大部分空时编码方法在设计时单一强调对传输分集性能或传输复用性能的提高,为了联合提高分集性能和复用性能,在LDC编码基础上提出了线性正交弥散空时码(OLDC),LDC编码的优化中利用遗传算法来构造OLDC的空时正交调制基矩阵.优化的编码方法设计简单,便于调制解调.仿真结果表明,OLDC码比传统的LDC编码在误码性能、分集性能、复用性能等方面均有大幅度提高.     

MIMO MC-CDMA communications for future cellular systems

We propose an efficient multiple-input multiple-output concept based on space-time turbo coded modulation and layered spatial multiplexing architectures for cellular multicarrier code-division multiple access systems. We design appropriate receiver algorithms, and compare their performance to competing schemes in a single-cell system. We then evaluate the performance of the scheme in a seven-cell system with universal frequency reuse. The proposed MIMO scheme improves throughput significantly compared to the corresponding single-antenna communications even in the presence of spatial correlation     

啁啾光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器波分频分复用

实现了一种具有大容量复用潜力的啁啾光纤光栅(CFBG)法布里-珀罗(F-P)传感器复用系统。该传感器复用系统的建立基于波分频分复用方法,即中心波长相同的传感器利用腔长不同空间频率不同来实现空间频分的复用,采用不同中心波长的传感器阵列与频分复用方法相结合就可实现波分频分复用。描述了该光纤光栅法布里-珀罗传感器复用系统的结构、原理及应变实验结果。实验结果表明,该方法可以大大地提高光纤光栅法布里-珀罗应变传感器的复用能力,理论上可复用数百个光纤光栅法布里-珀罗应变传感器;实验中应变测量精度好于±10με,可满足大部分实际应用的要求。     

基于WLAN的MIMO技术研究

在分析OFDM和MIMO技术的基础上。探讨了一些与MIMO技术密切相关的领域。MIMO技术通过开发空间资源，采用空间复用和空时编码为系统提供复用增益和分集增益，在最大化传输速率的同时，也提高了传输的可靠性。