HCD法测定纯镍中As,Sb,Pb,Sn,Bi含量的研究

纯镍中杂质元素Ａｓ,Ｓｂ ,Ｐｂ ,Ｓｎ ,Ｂｉ等的含量对其本身的性能和由其冶炼的合金的性能有着很大的影响 ,因此准确测定纯镍中这些杂质元素的含量具有重要意义。采用空心阴极光谱法测定纯镍中杂质元素的含量具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、用料少等优点 ,由于不需要经过化学处理 ,减少了被污染的机会。试验方法为称取金属颗粒样品 ,装入石墨电极中 ,在光栅光谱仪上 ,以空心阴极光源为激发源 ,在氩气气氛中进行放电 ,经光栅摄谱仪分光成像后 ,记录于感光板上 ,在测微光度计上测出待测元素的谱线黑度 ,在工作曲线上查得待测元素的百分含量。试样…     

镁合金的腐蚀研究现状与防护途径

论述了耐蚀镁合金的研究现状,综述了镁合金的腐蚀类型、杂质和合金元素对镁合金耐蚀性能的影响,以及几种典型的表面处理工艺,总结了提高镁合金耐蚀性能的途径,指出了耐蚀镁合金的主要发展方向.     

杂质元素镓对工业纯铝力学性能及电阻率的影响

通过对不同镓含量的工业纯铝进行对比实验,研究了微量杂质元素镓对工业纯铝机械性能和导电性能的影响.研究表明,添加少量的Ga,室温力学性能影响不大,但当镓含量超过0.04%时,材料高温塑性提高15%～20%.另外镓含量与工业纯铝电阻率呈线性关系.     

低温青藏高原土壤中镁合金阳极的电化学性能

为评价低温土壤对镁合金阳极电化学性能的影响,通过极化曲线、交流阻抗和电流效率实验方法,研究了4种镁合金阳极在-4℃和4℃的模拟低温青藏高原土壤中的电化学性能.研究表明:镁合金中加入Mn、Al和Zn元素可与杂质元素形成阴极作用较弱的金属间化合物,降低了镁合金的自溶解倾向,提高了电流效率;镁合金阳极在低温青藏高原土壤中呈活性溶解状态,溶解活性和反应活性由强到弱顺序为MGAZ63B镁合金、MGAZ31B镁合金、MGM1C镁合金和高纯镁;4种镁合金阳极中MGAZ63B的电流效率最高,-4℃和4℃时分别为54.39%和61.77%;4℃土壤中氧的扩散速率比-4℃时高,故镁合金阳极在青藏高原土壤中4℃时溶解活性和电流效率均优于-4℃时.     

合金元素对镁合金耐腐蚀性能影响的研究进展

镁及其合金作为最轻的金属结构材料,在产品轻量化方面具有巨大的应用潜力.然而,金属镁具有较强的腐蚀敏感性,且表面形成的氢氧化镁膜疏松多孔,几乎无保护性,这导致其应用受到限制.如何提高镁的耐腐蚀性已经成为制约其应用的世界性难题.合金化是从根本上改善镁合金耐蚀性的方法之一.基于此,本文从合金元素对镁腐蚀行为的影响出发,阐述纯镁的腐蚀机理和合金元素对镁合金腐蚀性能的影响机制,归纳合金元素对镁合金所产生的保护机制及其相应特征,这可以为开发新型镁合金和改善镁合金的耐蚀性提供一定的借鉴.此外,本文有助于更好地理解镁合金腐蚀行为.目前,还没有一种镁合金能像铝合金或不锈钢一样具有较好的耐蚀性,因此耐蚀镁合金的开发还需要进一步研究.本文为镁合金中元素之间的交互关系提供理论基础,可对新型耐蚀镁合金的开发提供思路.元素之间的协同作用会对新型耐蚀镁合金设计、工艺及性能有较大影响,随着研究的深入,期望构建出类似"不锈钢"的新型耐蚀镁合金.     

镁及其合金的电磁屏蔽性能研究

采用同轴线法研究了纯镁及常见镁合金的电磁屏蔽性能,比较了纯镁、不同系列镁合金与其他金属电磁屏蔽性能的差别。结果表明:纯镁具有良好的电磁屏蔽性能,合金化后,根据合金元素的不同,屏蔽性能有所改变,其中AZ系镁合金具有最高的屏蔽效能。同时讨论了不同材料电磁屏蔽性能差异的原因以及厚度、电导率对电磁屏蔽性能的影响。     

镁合金动态力学性能研究进展

介绍了镁合金的室温、高温动态力学性能及微观机制,描述了晶粒大小、元素含量对动态力学性能的影响,分析了国内外在镁合金动态力学性能研究方面的不足,并提出了后续研究方向.     

Zn添加对挤压态Mg-Al-Ca-Mn合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

目的 研究不同含量Zn元素对镁合金塑性、强度的改良效果.方法 以Mg-Al-Ca-Mn合金为基础,采用热挤压成形加工方法,分析不同Zn含量对其显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果 Zn元素可以改变挤压态镁合金的显微组织,对其主合金相影响不大,但可以改变衍射峰强度.Zn元素可以提高挤压态镁合金的屈服强度和伸长率,提高镁合金韧性...     

多晶硅铸锭中碳、氮、氧杂质特性的研究进展

在多晶硅铸锭生产过程中不可避免地会引入碳、氮、氧杂质元素,这些杂质会形成沉淀、复合体等缺陷,成为少数载流子的复合中心,缩短硅的少子寿命,从而降低硅片的太阳能转换效率。因此控制和降低铸锭中这3种杂质元素的含量对提高铸锭的性能和降低生产成本具有重要意义。阐述了碳、氮、氧元素的来源、分布,着重综述了铸锭中3种杂质元素的存在形态及不同形态对铸锭的影响,总结了降低3种杂质元素含量的方法,指出了目前研究的问题,并对铸锭中这3种杂质元素的研究趋势进行了展望。     

OP1O对镁合金表面钒酸盐转化膜的耐蚀改性研究

为了研究非离子表面活性剂OP10对镁合金表面钒酸盐转化膜形成过程中气泡黏附的影响,通过接触角测量仪、扫描电镜及能谱仪、电化学测试和中性盐雾试验等对镁合金转化试样表面的接触角、元素组成及耐蚀性进行了测试分析.结果表明:与未加OP10转化液处理的镁合金样品相比,加入OP10处理过的试样固液接触角从43.48°减小到5.66°,O、S元素含量增加,腐蚀电位正移了280 mV,腐蚀电流密度降低了98％,中性耐盐雾时间从72h增加到140 h,镁合金的耐蚀性能显著提高.     

Effect of impurity reduction on rollability of AZ31 magnesium alloy

The effect of impurity reduction on the hot rolling behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy was systematically investigated in this study. In the as-cast alloys, the total content of main impurity elements such as Fe, Si, Cu, and Ni was varied from 0.0462 to 0.0163 wt% by changing the purity of used raw magnesium metals. The alloys after homogenization were subjected to hot rolling at 300 °C with a reduction of 20% per pass. It was found that the initiation of edge cracks is postponed with reducing impurity level in the alloys. And the maximum rolling reduction prior to edge cracking increases from 34 to 58% as the impurity content drops from 0.0462 to 0.0163 wt%. Microstructural observations showed that smaller grains are present in the alloy with lower impurity content in the cast and homogenization states. Moreover, decreasing impurity content leads to a reduced number of deformation twins and an enhanced volume fraction of small recrystallized grains in the as-rolled microstructure, which indicates that impurity reduction is beneficial to the recrystallization process and subsequent plastic deformation. Based on the results, the enhancement in hot rollability of the AZ31 sheet by impurity reduction should be due to finer grain size, the reduced number of deformation twins and the enhanced extent of recrystallization.     

Thermodynamic criteria for the removal of impurities from end-of-life magnesium alloys by evaporation and flux treatment

Abstract

In this paper, the possibility of removing impurities during magnesium recycling with pyrometallurgical techniques has been evaluated by using a thermodynamic analysis. For 25 different elements that are likely to be contained in industrial magnesium alloys, the equilibrium distribution ratios between the metal, slag and gas phases in the magnesium remelting process were calculated assuming binary systems of magnesium and an impurity element. It was found that calcium, gadolinium, lithium, ytterbium and yttrium can be removed from the remelted end-of-life (EoL) magnesium products by oxidization. Calcium, cerium, gadolinium, lanthanum, lithium, plutonium, sodium, strontium and yttrium can be removed by chlorination with a salt flux. However, the other elements contained in magnesium alloy scrap are scarcely removed and this may contribute toward future contamination problems. The third technological option for the recycling of EoL magnesium products is magnesium recovery by a distillation process. Based on thermodynamic considerations, it is predicted that high-purity magnesium can be recovered through distillation because of its high vapor pressure, yet there is a limit on recoverability that depends on the equilibrium vapor pressure of the alloying elements and the large energy consumption. Therefore, the sustainable recycling of EoL magnesium products should be an important consideration in the design of advanced magnesium alloys or the development of new refining processes.     

镁合金动态力学性能的研究现状及发展方向

概述了镁合金高应变加载条件下的塑性变形微观机制和损伤形式.综述了国内外镁合金动态力学性能的研究现状.针对镁合金动态力学性能的不足之处,指出未来镁合金动态力学性能研究的发展方向为:系统研究现有牌号镁合金的动态力学性能;探讨合金元素、加工工艺和热处理对镁合金动态力学性能的影响;构建镁合金动态本构方程.     

稀土变形镁合金的研究和开发

论述了国内外稀土变形镁合金的研究和开发现状,分析了在变形镁合金中添加稀土元素所起的作用以及稀土对合金组织、性能及变形加工能力所产生的影响,总结了稀土变形镁合金中准晶相的形成、作用及研究特点,讨论了稀土变形镁舍金研究和开发中存在的问题和困难,指出稀土变形镁合金是镁合金开发应用中的一个重要发展方向.     

Mg-Al系耐热镁合金中的合金元素及其作用

合金化或微合金化作为改善合金性能或设计新型合金的重要手段之一,目前已普遍应用于Mg-A1系耐热镁合金的研究开发中.综述了Mg-Al系耐热镁合金中合金元素Al、Zn、Mn、Sb、Bi、Sn、Si、RE、Ca和Sr的作用行为,重点分析了Al和Zn 2种主体元素对Mg-Al系耐热镁合金组织和性能的影响,讨论了合金元素使用中存在的问题和今后的发展方向.     

Focused Development of Magnesium Alloys Using the Calphad Approach

In traditional alloy development, experimental investigations with many different alloy compositions are performed. The selection criteria for multicomponent alloying elements and their compositions become diffuse in a traditional approach. Computational thermochemistry as used in the Calphad approach can provide a clear guideline for such selections and helps to avoid large scale experiments with less promising alloys. Thus, it is a powerful tool to cut down on cost and time during development of Mg‐alloys. An overview of the Calphad method is given. As an example of applications, recent developments of new creep resistant magnesium alloys that show about 100 times less creep than the best commercial alloys are reported. Also outlined are the methods used in our long‐term project of construction of the necessary thermodynamic magnesium alloy database for several alloying elements, such as Al, Li, Si, Mn, Ca, Sc, Y, and Zr, and rare earth elements (Ce, Gd, Nd), using the Calphad method combined with key experiments.     

In vitro degradation and cell attachment of a PLGA coated biodegradable Mg–6Zn based alloy

Currently available engineering magnesium alloys have several critical concerns if they are about to be used as biomaterials, particularly the concern about the toxicity of the common alloying elements such as aluminum and rare earth (RE). There is an increasing demand to develop new magnesium alloys that do not contain any toxic elements. It is also desirable, yet challenging, to develop such a material that has a controllable degradation rate in the human fluid environment. This paper presents mechanical properties, degradation, and in vitro cell attachment of a newly developed Mg–6Zn magnesium alloy. The alloy demonstrated comparable mechanical properties with typical engineering magnesium alloys. However, the bare alloy did not show an acceptable corrosion (degradation) rate. Application of a polymeric PLGA or poly(lactide-co-glycolide) coating significantly decreased the degradation rate. The results obtained from cell attachment experiments indicated that the mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3 cells could develop enhanced confluence on and interactions with the coated samples.     

合金元素对镁合金氧化性能的影响

概述了合金元素在镁合金抗氧化性能的作用.介绍了Ca、Be以及稀土元素对镁合金抗氧化性能的影响,并对相应的作用机理进行了分析.最后指出了合金化方法中存在的问题和发展方向.     

镁及其合金铸造组织的细化

镁合金的晶粒尺寸和沉淀物的形貌及大小影响其性能和使用范围。根据合金的种类加入不同的孕育剂或少量的合金元素可显著细化镁合金的铸造组织。总结了常用铸造镁合金组织细化所采用的方法及可能的细化机理。