DATA BYPASSING ARCHITECTURE AND CIRCUIT DESIGN FOR 32-BIT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR

This paper presents a design method of ByPassing Unit（BPU） in 32-bit Digital Signal Processor（DSP）-MD32. MD32 is realized in 0.18 μm technology, 1.8V and 200 MHz working clock. It focuses on the Reduced Instruction Set Computer（RISC） architecture and DSP computation capability thoroughly, extends DSP with various addressing modes in a customized DSP pipeline stage architecture. The paper also discusses the architecture and circuit design of bypassing logic to fit MD32 architecture. The parallel execution of BPU with instruction decode in architecture level is applied to reduce time delay. The optimization of circuit that serial select with priority is analyzed in detail, and the result shows that about half of time delay is reduced after this optimization. Examples show that BPU is useful for improving the DSP＇s performance. The forwarding logic in MD32 realizes 8 data channels feedback and meets the working clock limit.     

The interface processor for the Intel VLSI 432 32-bit computer

The Intel 43203 interface processor is designed to link conventional I/O subsystems and Intel's new 32-bit computer system, the iAPX432. The interface processor is an excellent example of how high density VLSI technology can be combined with innovative circuits to create highly functional systems on a single chip. This paper describes the function of the interface processor and some of the details of its implementation.     

A 32-bit VLSI CPU chip

A fully integrated 32-bit VLSI CPU chip utilizing 1 /spl mu/m features is described. It is fabricated in an n-channel silicon gate, self-aligned technology. The chip contains about 450000 transistors and executes microinstructions at approximately one per 55 ns clock cycle. It can execute a 32-bit binary integer add in 55 ns, a 32-bit binary integer multiply in 1.8 /spl mu/s, and a 64-bit floating point multiply in 10.4 /spl mu/s. The instruction set provides the functions of an advanced mainframe CPU. Because the implementation of such a complex device poses an organizational as well as a technical challenge, the design philosophy that was adopted is summarized briefly. Careful attention was paid to designer productivity, and design flexibility and testability.     

A 32-bit logarithmic number system processor

To design a 32-bit logarithmic number system (LNS) processor, this paper presents two novel techniques: Digit-Partition (DP) to design log₂(1.x) function and Iterative Difference by Linear Approximation (IDLA) to design 2^0.x function. The basic concept behind DP is that variablex can be divided into two parts in bit representation to be implemented. Thus, ROM or PLA table can be reduced to a reasonable size and this will make a high precision design allowable. The basic idea of IDLA is that the function 2^0.x can be obtained approximately through iterative linear approximations. By this method, only adder, shifter and a small PLA are required, unlike the previous designs which require ROM and multiplier. The experiment results reveal that the proposed design is more attractive than the previous researches in the LNS processor.This work was supported by the National Science Council under Grant NSC 84-2215-E002-020.     

A second-generation digital signal processor

The architecture, implementation, and applications of the TMS32020, a second-generation VLSI digital signal processor, are described. The processor has many special features which provide a significant advance over previous VLSI digital signal processors. Its multiprocessor capabilities further distinguish it, allowing for much more flexibility in overall system design. The architecture of the device allows a dual bus structure to be maintained on-chip, while external bus hardware requirements are minimized via the multiplexing of these buses externally. Some of the notable features incorporated onto the device include two large on-chip RAM blocks, large external program/data address spaces, single-cycle multiply/accumulate instructions, hardware and instructions for efficient memory management, and a versatile multiprocessor interface.     

A 32-bit VLSI CPU with 15-MIPS peak performance

A 32-b single-chip VLSI CPU which implements the entire 140 instructions of the Hewlett-Packard precision architecture (HPPA) using direct hardwired decoding and execution is described. A sustained pipeline performance of 10.8 million instructions per second (MIPS), 15-MIPS peak, is achieved. The chip is fabricated in a 1.5-/spl mu/m NMOS production process which utilizes two levels of tungsten interconnect and contains 115000 transistors on an 8.4/spl times/8.4-mm die. A 30-MHz operating frequency is achieved under worst-case operating conditions.     

32位嵌入芯核的应用

引言嵌入RISC处理器芯核在很多应用中（如通信、计算机外设和消费类产品）已成为一个极其重要的部分。32位嵌入芯核的干要供应商有ARM、MIPS、bferneus、MOtorOIO、回1、HI正IClll、Mltsuhsh、At（、Hyperstone等公司。在不同的嵌入应用中需要增加32位RISC性能的发展趋势、促使加速新一代处理器芯核的开发,导致大量的开发带集成DSP性能的32位RISC芯核。在过去几年中,32位RISC处理器新结构的出现使嵌入性能大大提高。Slemens的lrltore,Hitachi的SuperH,Motorola的ColdFire和MPC500,ARM7／ARMg和MIPS产品就是明…     

数字信号处理器浅析

数字信号处理器是一种按程序高速运算的微处理器。详细讨论了数字信号处理器在声场上的应用原理和特性。用数字演算的方法来模拟环境特性创造出不同的空间感 ,使听者在家里听到指定声场中所产生的三维立体声 ,有如身临其境的感觉。     

The digital signal processor Derby

Applications that use digital signal processing chips are flourishing, buoyed by increasing performance and falling prices. Concurrently, the market has expanded enormously. Vendors abound. Many newcomers have entered the market, while established companies compete for market share by creating ever more novel, efficient, and higher-performing architectures. The range of digital signal-processing (DSP) architectures available is unprecedented. In addition to expanding competition among DSP processor vendors, a new threat is coming from general-purpose processors with DSP enhancements. So, DSP vendors have begun to adapt their architectures to stave off the outsiders. The author provides a framework for understanding the recent developments in DSP processor architectures, including the increasing interchange of architectural techniques between DSPs and general-purpose processors     

RNS-enabled digital signal processor design

Residue number system (RNS) is explored for implementation of fast digital signal processors with the design of an RNS-based SIMD RISC processor. Simulations conducted on programmable logic show a sustained advantage over commercial chips for a representative set of applications, while prospective results on VLSI technology are also promising     

A single-chip digital signal processor for telecommunication applications

A single-chip, software-programmable digital signal processor, intended for telecommunication applications, has been developed. The processor, fabricated with the most advanced 3 /spl mu/m n-channel E/D MOS technology, incorporates a 16/spl times/16-bit full hardware multiplier and a sophisticated bus structure to minimize bus conflicts, thus attaining the capability to implement 55 second-order filters at a sampling rate of 8 kHz with sufficient dynamic range to process PCM encoded signals. The authors describe the design concept, architecture, instructions, device design, and application techniques.     

32位RISC处理器中系统控制协处理器的设计与实现

介绍了基于MIPS体系结构的系统控制协处理器设计与实现,整体结构主要包括翻译后援缓冲器、协处理器控制单元、中断例外管理单元以及协处理器寄存器单元。设计使用可综合的Verilog HDL语言描述,采用Altera公司的QuartusII7．2开发软件及该公司的StratixIIFPGA器件验证实现,并主要完成了协处理器寄存器的读／写,虚拟／物理地址的转换,以及对RISC处理器的中断例外控制等功能,同时通过仿真验证其功能的正确性。     

A single-chip 16-bit 25-ns real-time video/image signal processor

A single-chip 16-b microprogrammable real-time video/image signal processor (VISP) has been developed for use in real-time motion picture encoding during low-bit-rate transmission for TV conference systems. In addition to stand-alone microprocessor functional units, the VISP integrates a high-speed variable seven-stage pipeline arithmetic circuit for video/image data processing and various controllers for easy I/O (input/output) and multiple-chip connections A 25-ns instruction cycle time is attained by using complementary reduced-swing CMOS logic circuits. The chip (14 mm×13.4 mm) was fabricated using a double-metal-layer 1.2-μm CMOS process technology and contains 220000 transistors     

A 30-MHz mixed analog/digital signal processor

A multiplying encoder architecture that is implemented in the design of a mixed analog and digital signal processor is presented. The processor is suitable for performing both high-speed A/D conversion and digital filtering in a single chip. The device can resolve the input with 8 b at 30 Msample/s and perform 28 multiply and 28 add operations per sample under typical conditions. The processor is designed for a 28-tap programmable FIR (finite impulse response) filter with analog input signal which can be used for waveform shaping of the modem to obtain the desired transmission performance for business satellite communication and mobile communication. The chip is fabricated in a 1-μm double-polysilicon and double-metal CMOS technology. The chip size is 9.73×8.14 mm², and the chip operates with a single +5.0-V power supply. Typical power dissipation is 950 mW; 330 mW is dissipated in analog and 620 mW is in the digital block     

A 24-b 50-ns digital image signal processor

A 50-ns digital image signal processor (DISP)-an image/video application-specific VLSI chip-is discussed. This chip integrates 538 K transistors and dissipates 1.4 W at a 40-MHz clock. It is based on a 24-b fixed-point architecture with a five-stage pipeline. The DISP features a real-time processing capability realized by an enhanced parallel architecture, video-oriented data processing functions, and an instruction cycle time that is typically 35 ns, and 50 ns at worst. This 50-ns cycle time allows the DISP to execute mor than 60-million operations per second (MOPS). High-density 1.0-μm CMOS technology allows numerous on-chip features, including specified resources optimized for image processing. This allows a flexible hardware implementation of various algorithms for picture coding. Several circuit design techniques that are intended to attain a fast instruction cycle are reviewed, including distributed instruction decoding and a hierarchical clocking circuit. The LSI has been designed by the extensive use of a cell-based design method. The processor incorporates a sophisticated testing function compatible with a cell-based design environment     

A fast square-rooting algorithm using a digital signal processor

The computation of square roots is required in signal processing applications, such as adaptive filtering using transversal filters or lattice filters, spectral estimation, and many other fields of engineering sciences. Actually, all the existing digital signal processors (DSP) have a multiplier-accumulator. We present a simple binary algorithm for square-rooting using a processor with multiplier. Only shifts, additions, and multiplications are used and unlike the Newton-Raphson approach, divisions are not necessary. The method can also be interesting for the computation of divisions. The algorithm has been implemented in 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic on a TMS32010 DSP processor. The computational requirements are compared with the Newton-Raphson method. The fixed-point code of the algorithm written in TMS32010 Assembly language is also given.     

用ADSP-TS201芯片架构的雷达数字信号处理机

介绍了ADI公司新型DSP芯片ADSP-TS201的主要性能,利用其超高性能的处理能力和易于构造多处理并行系统的特点,实现通用的雷达信号处理平台。采用将信号处理机划分为若干个模块的设计方法,使得研制周期短,系统可重构性好,对算法的适应性强。     

A 200-MHz 16-bit super high-speed signal processor (SSSP) LSI

A 200-MHz 16-b BiCMOS super high-speed signal processing (SSSP) circuit has been developed for high-speed digital signal processor (DSP) LSIs. In order to produce extremely fast LSI circuits, several novel techniques have been combined for integration of the SSSP. They include a redundant binary convolver architecture, a double-stage pipelined convolver architecture, and submicrometer BiCMOS drivers with large capacitive load drivability. The SSSP performs 200-MHz addition. The chip, which was fabricated with 0.8-μm BiCMOS and triple-layer metallization technology, has an area of 5.87 mm×5.74 mm and contains 20150 transistors. It operates at a clock frequency of 200 MHz with a single 5-V power supply and typically consumes 800 mW     

Multiple digital signal processor environment for intelligent signal processing

We describe a novel, expandable, multiple digital signal processor (DSP) architecture with a symbolic processing host. A multiprocessor board, called Odyssey, based on this architecture has been developed to combine symbolic and real-time digital signal processing in a single computing environment. Some of the key features of the board are: 20 million multiply/accumulates per second, 512K bytes of data space, and expandability to 16 boards on a NuBus host. The DSPs used are the TMS32020 signal processing chips developed by Texas Instruments, and the host is Texas Instruments' Explorer, a LISP machine workstation. This provides environment to perform many intelligent signal processing tasks by associating meaningful relationships between quantitative (signal processing) and qualitative (symbolic processing) entities to develop inferences using expert system technology. Applications such as grammar-driven connected speech recognition, neural network simulation, EEG analysis, and generation of speech from general English text with natural language processing are some of the tasks that can utilize the computational power of the multiple DSP and/or the associated symbolic processing capabilities. Software development tools to implement applications include the device driver to facilitate communication between the host processor and the Odyssey board, a unique window-based debugger resident on the Explorer that allows for simultaneous state display of all the processors on the board, a FORTH interpreter for high-level language programming, and a cross-assembler/linker for assembly level programming.