放射性铌铁精矿中铀钍的脱除及分离

通过对国内某企业进口放射性铌铁精矿进行工艺矿物学分析,确定该精矿的主要矿相为烧绿石,同时伴生钛铁矿和白云母,矿石中放射性元素U和Th的含量分别为0.27%和1.03%。针对该铌铁精矿,探索H₂SO₄-Fe(Ⅲ)、H₂SO₄-HF-H₂O₂、H₂SO₄-HF、H₂SO₄-HF-H₂O₂-(NH₄)₂CO₃体系中U和Th的浸出及分离效果,最终确定H₂SO₄-HF-H₂O₂-(NH₄)₂CO₃多段浸出工艺能有效实现U和Th的脱除与分离。U、Th的脱除率分别为100%和80%。基于研究提出了铌铁精矿U、Th脱除及分离工...     

废钨渣中钽、铌、钨高效共提新工艺研究

阐述了采用氟盐转型-HF-H2SO4浸出-氟盐氨转化循环利用过程同步提取废钨渣中的钽、铌、钨的新工艺.通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件,在最优条件下可分别获得Ta2O5和Nb2O5含量分别为6.08%和27.29%的钽铌富集渣及WO3含量为26.71%的钨富集渣.两种富集渣均可直接用于工业生产.钽、铌、钨的单程回收率分别达到83.18%、88.33%和77.91%.该方法工艺流程简单,操作条件温和,且由于氟盐可实现循环利用,工艺过程物料消耗低、成本低廉、技术经济性良好.     

从含钽铌的高钛渣中制取K2TaF7和Nb2O5的研究

本文叙述了以含 Ta2 O511%、Nb2 O513%、Ti O2 54%的高钛渣为原料 ,经 HF- H2 SO4 体系分解 ,再经 HF- H2 SO4 - MIBK体系萃取、分离钽铌、制取 K2 Ta F7和 Nb2 O5的工艺研究。为钽铌工业发展开辟了新的矿石原料。     

汤丹氧化铜矿石尾矿在氨水-碳酸铵溶液中的浸出试验研究

研究了云南汤丹高碱性低品位氧化铜矿尾矿在NH3.H2O-(NH4)2CO3体系中的浸出,考察了浸出时间、反应温度、液固体积质量比、总氨浓度及[NH4+]/[NH3]、氧化剂用量、氧化剂添加顺序、氧化时间等因素对铜浸出率的影响,确定了最佳浸出条件。结果表明:最优浸出条件为液固体积质量比10∶1,浸出温度40℃,加入H2O2作氧化剂,用量为0.25mL/g,反应2h;然后添加NH3.H2O及(NH4)2CO3,控制c(NH4+)=3.2mol/L,c(NH3)=0.8mol/L,继续反应4h,铜浸出率达72.3%。     

某砂岩型铀矿CO2+O2地浸采铀试验

为探索CO2+O2地浸采铀工艺在西北某砂岩型铀矿床应用的技术可行性,开展了地浸采铀现场条件试验。试验表明,向矿层水中注加O2,浸出液残留的溶解氧含量明显增加,但浸出液c(U)未见明显升高;在矿层水中原始c(HCO3-)为300 mg/L的条件下,向矿层水中同时注加CO2+O2,浸出液中c(HCO3-)仅上升至300~350 mg/L,c(U)未见明显升高;补加NH4HCO3使浸出剂中c(HCO3-)达到1 000 mg/L时,浸出液的c(U)随c(HCO3-)上升呈直线上升态势,c(U)峰值达到31.5 mg/L,c(U)与c(HCO3-)相关系数达0.95,呈强正相关性。研究表明,该砂岩型铀矿仅采用CO2+O2进行浸出,不能获得满足地浸工业要求的c(U);通过补加NH4HCO3并保持浸出液中c(HCO3-)达到800 mg/L时,浸出液c(U)出现明显上涨（峰值31.5 mg/L,平均25 mg/L以上）。该矿床技术可行的浸出工艺为“CO2+O2+NH4HCO3”地浸。     

SO2-3、NH3?H2O、Cu2＋对高硫金精矿石硫合剂浸出的影响

采用石硫合剂提金法对高硫金精矿进行浸出试验,考察了SO 2-3、NH3? H2 O、Cu 2＋浓度对浸出过程的影响。其结果表明：在磨矿细度-400目80％,液固比6∶1,SO 2-3浓度0．1 mol/L, NH3? H2 O浓度1．6 mol/L,Cu 2＋浓度0．04 mol/L,Na2 CO3浓度0．1 mol/L,搅拌速度500 r/min,浸出温度40℃,浸出时间8 h的条件下,金的浸出率达到88％左右;浸出过程中加入SO 2-3,保证S 2-x和S2 O 2-3的稳定性,并减少因S单质、CuS和Cu2 S的沉积而阻碍浸金传质过程的影响;NH3? H2 O不仅调节浸出pH值,而且与Cu 2＋形成[Cu（NH3）4]2＋,促进金的浸出。     

含钽铌废渣中钽铌资源的综合回收工艺研究

对从含钽铌废渣中综合回收钽、铌的新工艺进行了研究。开发了低碱分解-水浸、稀酸预处理、氢氟酸转型浸出的湿法冶金工艺路线,通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件。其中低碱分解-水浸工艺条件为:碱渣质量比0.6∶1.0、反应温度800℃、反应时间1 h,添加剂Na Cl添加量为渣量的12%,水浸温度90℃,液固比6∶1,时间0.5 h。低碱分解过程中钽和铌的转化率分别为92.3%和98.2%。稀酸预处理后大部分杂质被脱除,钽、铌相对于原渣富集近5倍。转型浸出工艺条件为:硫酸用量为渣量的0.8倍,氢氟酸用量为渣量的0.6倍,反应温度为90℃,液固比为5∶1,反应时间为4 h,钽和铌的浸出率分别为99.80%和99.86%,终渣中钽和铌含量分别降至0.03%和0.01%。在最优条件下可得到含Ta2O59.50 g·L-1和Nb2O52.86 g·L-1的酸浸出液,可直接与现行工业生产中的钽铌萃取分离工艺衔接。全流程钽和铌回收率分别可达98.37%和99.15%。该工艺流程简单,操作条件温和,生产成本较低,具有显著的社会和经济效益。     

用二氧化硫从氨和硫酸溶液中比较浸出废锌-锰-碳电池

G.Senanayake,et al.研究了在30~60℃下,用H2SO4,H2SO4/SO2,NH3和NH3/SO2浸出含20.8%锌,22.7%锰,2.65%铁和小于0.1%Hg、Ni、Co、Cu、Pb的废锌-锰-碳电池无磁性部分。在酸性介质中,锌的完全溶解不受SO2影响。但是,SO2的还原作用可使锰在H2SO4介质中的浸出率从25%提高到100%,铁浸出率从1%提高到25%。对比了用其他还原剂浸出的结果。浸出渣的XRD分析结     

低品位难处理钽铌矿中铌的浸出试验研究

目前世界上大部分铌矿矿山采用硫酸-氢氟酸分解法湿法冶金处理工艺,但氢氟酸的毒性高、腐蚀性强,对设备材质要求高,而且成本高,不适宜处理低品位矿石。针对我国攀西地区某低品位铌矿开展了工艺矿物学和纯硫酸体系酸化焙烧-浸出工艺研究,考察了不同焙烧时间、用酸量等对铌浸出率的影响。研究结果表明:该矿石含铌矿物主要由褐钇铌矿、复稀金矿和铌铁金红石组成,N2O5含量0.034%,嵌布粒度细,比较分散,属于低品位极难处理铌矿。铌属于难溶金属,在低温(温度低于100℃)下,采用强酸、强碱浸出,铌浸出率低于30%,无法得到有效回收。添加H2O2与水合铌矿物形成酸可溶的配合物,有效提高了铌浸出率。获得最佳的工艺参数为:在磨矿细度为-74μm占80%,硫酸化焙烧的温度为250℃,硫酸用量占原矿质量比为75%,添加H2O2用量占原矿质量比为70%,焙烧时间2 h;浸出温度90℃,液固比4∶1,酸矿比为3∶1,浸出时间2 h的条件下,铌浸出率达到81%。     

含铌粗精矿中铌的浸出试验

以H2SO4替代HF为浸出剂,提出了硫酸焙烧—硫酸浸出,从钽铌粗精矿中提取铌的湿法处理新工艺,解决了传统湿法浸出铌精矿中使用HF造成的高成本和污染等问题。结果表明,硫酸焙烧阶段,在粗精矿-74 μm占比90%、浓硫酸与矿样质量比80%、焙烧温度300 ℃、焙烧时间1.5 h的条件下,矿样中的铌反应彻底且留在渣相中。浸出阶段采用30%质量比的H2SO4,在液固比3︰1、温度90 ℃的条件下浸出3 h,铌的浸出率达到93.4%。     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

Status and solidarity in social comparison: Agentic and communal values and vertical and horizontal directions.

Social comparison involves positioning the self relative to others on a vertical or status dimension (ranging from upward to downward comparisons) and a horizontal or solidarity dimension (ranging from contrastive to connective comparisons). Across 3 studies in which 389 undergraduates recorded everyday social comparisons (n = 4,417), downward and connective comparisons were rated as more helpful and mood enhancing than upward and contrastive comparisons. The effects of horizontal comparisons were greater for people for whom solidarity was an important value; however, the effects of vertical comparisons were not greater for people who valued status. The roles of the comparison target, topic, and situation were also explored; for example, noticing undesirable features of the target enhanced status but undermined solidarity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Praise and Blame and Robinson.

Daniel Robinson suggests that much of the civil and criminal law "serves as the institutionalized form of praise and blame". Indeed it does. Pulling at this thread of Robinson's tapestry leads the reader straightaway to a host of truths about how law and morality not only intersect, but work together in harmony. "[L]aw", Robinson says, is a "vivid expression of deeper and impenetrably complex moral theories". This essay explores several of these harmonies, but focuses on two. One is that political society must be seen as the cooperation of free persons according to law, which persons hold common moral understandings. The second has to do with retribution as the moral justifying aim of punishing criminals. The author goes beyond Robinson's limited praise of retribution, and shows that some central features of our practice of punishment are understandable only within the retributive framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

钢铁产品交易与展示平台的设计与应用

为解决单个企业的信息化投资风险、从整体上降低企业信息化投入,针对大邱庄钢铁产业的类型特点,设计了一种新型信息化公共服务平台。详细阐述了钢铁产品展示及交易平台的建设内容及系统开发技术。该平台集产品展示、信息查询、用户管理功能于一体,实现了全自动、全智能的在线管理和维护,适用于中小型企业。该平台的应用最大化地发挥了大邱庄的产业优势,对大邱庄工业园区的宣传和市场开拓起到了一定的作用。     

Aging and negative affect: The rise and fall and rise of anxiety and depression symptoms.

The relationship between aging and negative affect is dynamic and complex. Although prior studies have often cited lower prevalence rates of anxiety and mood disorders among older individuals, these studies may miss the dynamic relationship between symptoms and aging. To evaluate a nonlinear model of the relationship between aging and negative affect, the author examined measures of neuroticism, anxiety, and depression symptoms in a cross-sectional, community sample (N = 335), ages 18 to 93. Results indicated a curvilinear relationship, with mean symptom levels increasing during early adulthood (until the mid-30s) and then showing a small decline until older adulthood (the mid-70s), when symptoms again increase with age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)