显影液老化对X射线胶片特性曲线的影响

使用X—Rite334型感光仪和AHay2905HD扫描仪,研究了显影液老化对几种常用工业x射线胶片感光特性曲线的影响。     

高能 X 射线工业 CT 技术的研究进展

目的 研究分析了国内外高能X射线工业CT技术的进展情况，方法 通过有关文献资料，对目前国际上主要的高能X射线工业CT技术及设备进行评述。结果和结论 对美国、德国等发达国家的高能X射线工业CT设备、线阵探测器、面陈探测器及重建算法进行了分析。     

连云港市工业X射线探伤现状分析及安全管理建议

目的:调查分析连云港市工业X射线探伤工作现状,探索如何对工业x射线探伤工作进行有效监督管理.方法:监测不同作业方式下辐射剂量并对该市工业X射线辐射工作单位的安全防护状况进行调查.结果:固定式X射线探伤方式下,测量点未测出明显超出本底水平的辐射剂量,流动式X射线探伤方式下,辐射剂量随距离的增加而减少,不同方向的辐射剂量有差异.结论:对固定式、流动式X射线探伤要分别采取有针对性的防护管理措施.     

XRPD在制药业中的应用——X射线粉末衍射用于配方特性原位分析

X射线粉末衍射（XRPD）作为一种广泛应用的分析工具。在制药工业中已被推到了应用最前线，可为用户提供关于药物发现、开发和生产等许多领域的关键数据。X射线衍射在硬件和软件方面的新进展，特别是快速X射线探测器的开发，大大缩短了测量时间，减少了测量所受的限制。[编者按]     

Faster_RCNN用于工业火花塞图像焊缝缺陷检测

工业火花塞图像数据量大,焊缝宽度小且肉眼不易分辨.传统火花塞焊缝图像缺陷检测依赖人工手动完成,任务繁琐,个人经验占比大,检测标准不一,导致图像检测结果有误差.针对上述情况,对工业X射线火花塞焊缝图像进行了深入研究,提出了一种基于快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster_RCNN)的目标检测方法对焊缝图像精确定位并提取.由于火花塞焊缝是直线,利用图论方法对焊缝进行直线检测,之后提取出焊缝,校正倾斜焊缝直线并计算出其高度,最后加入焊缝判断系统,筛选出不合格的火花塞图像.实验结果表明,工业X射线焊缝缺陷检测准确率高于93%,误判漏判率低,有效缩短检测时间,提高工业检测效率,对实际工业火花塞智能检测有重要意义.     

金属镀层厚度测量结果的一致性研究

利用带有特殊台阶构造的Cr/Ni类型实验样品,分别采用X射线光谱法、轮廓法和截面法进行表面镀层厚度的测量,对三种方法测量结果的一致性问题进行探讨。实验结果表明,X射线光谱法的镀层厚度测量值较其它两种方法明显偏小,相对偏差甚至超过50%。由于利用X荧光测厚仪进行分析时未考虑实际样品与校准工作曲线用标准厚度片的密度差异,因此导致镀层厚度的测量值出现较大偏差。考虑到工业实际上目前普遍利用商品化标准厚度片进行X荧光测厚仪的校准,提出应对该类仪器现有计量校准体系做进一步研究。     

国内外工业用X光胶片概况

自从1895年德国物理学家伦琴发现X射线以来,它在工业、医疗和科学研究上得到了极其广泛的应用。根据不同用途,X光胶片可分为医疗用和工业探伤用两大类。本文拟对国内外几个主要厂家生产的工业用X光胶片作一介绍,供广大无损探伤工作者参考。     

X射线探伤机检定平台的研究与建立

X射线探伤机被广泛应用于各行业的工业探伤,但因长期频繁的现场作业致使很多射线探伤机的辐射角有偏移,遗留安全隐患。本文设计的X射线探伤机检定平台配合0.6cm~3电离室能完成X射线束(-400~400)mm的扫描范围,能完成X射线探伤机辐射角、辐射束重复性等参数的自动测量,为X射线探伤机的量值传递提供了技术支持,为工业探伤提供了计量基础。     

双喜临门,福禄克产品再摘两项国外知名媒体大奖

近日,从美国传来喜讯,窧豢讼盗胁吩俣崃？项国外知名行业媒体大奖：福禄克钳型表系列产品凭借优异的工业设计荣获2012年度美国工业设计师协会（IDSA）IDEA金奖该奖项是产品、生态设计、互动设计、包装、策略、研究与概念领域最重要的国际性奖项。Fluke工业设计团队的新Fluke37X/38X钳型表（带iFlexTM柔性     

基于Retinex和同态滤波的X射线电池图像增强算法

针对工业X射线电池图像对比度低、视觉效果不好、不同区域处理效果差异大等问题,提出一种基于多尺度Retinex和同态滤波的X射线电池图像增强算法.首先利用多尺度Retinex算法中的高斯滤波对照射分量估计,从而得到反射分量.用改进的直方图均衡化方法来处理照射分量,采用改进的巴特沃斯高通滤波器对反射分量的局部细节增强.接着...     

Shrinkage compensation approach proposed for ABS material in FDM process

Dimensional accuracy of parts manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) greatly suffers from the shrinkage problems of the available polymer materials. This paper proposes a constructive idea for resolving the shrinkage issues and explains how shrinkage could be managed by interior geometry of the artifacts fabricated on desktop 3D printers. The main principle for preventing the deterioration on dimensional accuracy of the holes/slots is to utilize the auxiliary lines located from the hole’s perimeter to the outer boundaries of the artifact. Thus, the shrinkage of these auxiliary line segments simply helps to pull the original hole backward, acting against the predicted contraction. In this paper, the proposed approach will be examined using a finite element analysis tool to predict the shrinkage behavior of the fabricated samples along with necessary measurements taken on the Coordinate Measuring Machine. Additionally, an analytical framework for modeling the shrinkage behavior of ABS is to be elaborated. The coherence of the simulations and the measurements are to be analyzed regarding the effect of the geometry and material color on the shrinkage behavior. The discussion involves the improvement on the dimensional accuracy of 3D printed features.     

Dynamic simulation of a single-effect ammonia–water absorption chiller

A lumped-parameter dynamic simulation of a single-effect ammonia–water absorption chiller is performed. Modeling is based on the continuity of species constituting the ammonia–water mixture and the conservation of energy for each component of the absorption chiller. Ordinary differential equations governing the response of each component and the algebraic equations describing the constitutive relation are solved in parallel by numerical integration. The model has been applied to a commercially available 10.5 kW absorption chiller to study the transients of temperature, pressure, concentration, and void fraction of each component during the start-up operation. The time constant of the absorption chiller is also investigated. The parameters considered are the bulk concentration of the ammonia–water solution, the mass of the solution filled, and the volumes of key components of the absorption chiller. In addition, the reduction of the time constant by a stepwise turn-up and turn-down of the flue gas flow rate during the primary stage of start-up period is demonstrated.     

Capturing Nitrosamines in Environment by Zeolite

To meet the requirement of environment protection, the adsorption of volatile nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke, by zeolite is investigated in this article, along with the temperature programmed surface reaction of nitrosamines on zeolite to assess the catalytic capability of the porous material on the decomposition of the carcinogens. The actual function of zeolite to reduce the level of nitrosamines in cigarette smoke is also studied. The influences of zeolite pore's structure and the surface acid-basic properties of the adsorbent on the adsorption are explored in terms of geometric matching content and adsorbent-adsorbate interaction. Moreover, the role played by the cation of zeolite in the adsorption of volatile nitrosamines is discussed and the possible attracting range of the sodium cation in basic zeolite to pull the nitrosamine molecule is tentatively calculated. Owing to the specific ability of capturing nitrosamines, zeolite is proven to be the most effective additive encased within a cigarette as the functional additive for lowering the nitrosamines content of smoke to protect the environment and public health. Other porous oxides such as amorphous silica and alumina are also utilized in these experiments, and their actual functions to trap nitrosamines as well as their potential application as the candidates for cigarette additives are discussed and prospected, too.     

Corrosion Resistance of an electrodeposited Zinc Coating Containing CeO2 Nanoparticles

A Zinc coating containing CeO2 nanoparticles has been deposited by electrodeposition in a zinc plating bath.The content of CeO2 in the coating is 0.22 mass%. The results of weight loss experiments and electrochemistry tests show that corrosion resistance of the Zinc coating containing CeO2 nanoparticles is remarkably improved in contrast to the pure zinc coating in 0.5 M MgSO4 solution. The effects of CeO2 microparticles on the corrosion resistance of the zinc coating have been studied, the results show that CeO2 microparticles have no effect on the corrosion resistance of the zinc coating. SEM and XRD experiments suggest that the presence of CeO2 nanoparticles in the coating causes the modification of the surface morphology and preferential orientation of the crystal planes; therefore, the reason for the enhancement of corrosion resistance is mainly related to improvement of the structure of the coating.     

Archaeometallurgical contributions to a better understanding of the past

Archaeometallurgical investigations, and in particular those employing metallographic techniques, have greatly increased our understanding of the past, primarily by improving our knowledge of the histories of technological developments. However, these studies have potential for contributing to our comprehension of many more aspects of life in the past. The series of case studies presented here illustrate the application of metallography not only in elucidating the history of technology but also in areas such as the dating of objects, the determination of the spread of technologies and the nature and implications of the contact of cultures with the ‘outside’ world.     

Corrosion of reinforcement induced by environment containing chloride and carbon dioxide

Reinforced concrete structures during their exploitation may be exposed to the common action of carbonation and chlorides causing corrosion of steel reinforcement. Therefore, the related data seem to be interesting and important when the evaluation of the service life of the structures is the object of interest. This fact was a motivation for the present experimental study on the sequence of action of chloride solutions and carbonation of the embedding concrete. The results obtained show that carbonation of concrete foregoing the action of chloride solutions may intensify the process of corrosion of steel reinforcement in comparison to the converse sequence of the action of mentioned media. At the same time the natrium chloride solution has been shown as a more aggressive medium opposite to the calcium and magnesium chloride solutions.     

Modelling enthalpy and entropy of pure and mixed refrigerants with an innovative corresponding states method

In this work an original improvement of the Corresponding States technique is developed and a new model, based on a three parameters CS format, is proposed to predict the enthalpy and the entropy of the new generation halogenated alkanes fluids together with some alkanes. Limiting the analysis of the selected fluids to a specific thermodynamic property behaviour, an appropriate conformality approach can be deduced, which allows to set up a predictive model of high accuracy level on a wide range of the enthalpy and entropy surfaces. The fundamentals of the model are innovative scaling parameters deduced from the enthalpy of vaporization and from two dedicated equations, belonging to the selected family of fluids. This allows to set up innovative models following a CS format. Through the introduction of advanced mixing rules, the models can be simply extended to calculate the corresponding properties for mixtures. The proposed models allow also the calculation of VLE for systems of rather regular behaviour. The required inputs for a pure target fluid are an ideal gas isobaric heat capacity correlation, a single value of saturated liquid density and of vaporization enthalpy; if the last one is lacking, a single value of vapor pressure can be alternatively supplied. For non azeotropic mixtures the enthalpy and entropy models are predictive, whereas in case of azeotropy VLE calculations are possibly only applying regressed interaction coefficients. Due to the lack of accurate experimental enthalpy data and to the particular nature of the entropy function, the validation of the models is proposed against fundamental dedicated EoS available, both for pure and mixtures, for a significant number of the studied family of fluids. The predictive character of the proposed approach as well as the high performances reached, make these models particularly suitable for the new families of fluids regarding advanced technological applications.     

Ice crystal growth in supercooled solution

Study on the crystal growth of ice in water-ethyleneglycol solution was carried out, experimentally. The ice crystal, which was seeded on top of the capillary tube, propagated inside the tube slowly and began to grow freely at the tip of the tube in subcooled solution. The outer diameter of the tip of the capillary tube was less than 0.1 mm, which was much smaller than that of other researchers. Hence, considerable reduction of the influence of the existence of a capillary was accomplished and the initial growth of a single crystal was observed, precisely. Under the condition of subcooling of less than 8 K, the shape of the crystal was observed to be different from that of the one in pure water. The velocity of dendrite ice growth and the radius of the curvature of the tip were measured. It was found that after the dendrite ice developed to a certain size, the velocity of the dendritic growth and the radius of curvature were kept steady, and its values were dependent on the degree of subcooling and the concentration of the solution.     

Untersuchung von Schmelz‐ und Rekristallisationsprozessen sowie Riss‐, Oxid‐ und Porenbildung beim Schweißen

Investigation of melting and re‐crystallization processes and of crack, oxide and pore formation during welding In the paper some known investigation methods of the primary re‐crystallization and of the structure of the crystallization front are discussed. All these methods have disadvantages, in some cases they cause a limited validity or are expensive. The presented new method is based on the micrographic recording of the melting and solidifying metal surfaces. The method overcomes the above‐mentioned disadvantages. It is able to investigate in the welding seams not only the primary re‐crystallization processes but also the secondary ones including the formation of cracks and pores and the appearance of non‐metallic inclusions like oxides. The facilities of the method are demonstrated on some examples of use.     

对广电数字化运动的几点看法——兼谈对信息时代的数字技术标准化意义的反思

从信息革命的角度对于当前这场广电数字化运动做定位分析。对当前数字电视领域中的一些有争议的问题提出了看法。如,公共平台与收费平台的关系,服务平台的统一,整体平移,外来标准和自主标准,数字标准的统一等。提出了对标准化意义的反思。指出,在信息时代,给社会和技术带来进步的往往是追求标准化的过程,而不是标准建立的事实本身。近几年来,许多人已经开始意识到工业时代标准化的“旧瓶”,已经很难装下信息时代数字技术的“新酒”。标准化的工作要有一种新思维来适应信息社会的变化和特点。