EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成与表征

以四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）和四丙基溴化铵（TPABr）为模板剂、 EU-1为铝源,水热晶化合成EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛。采用XRD,SEM-EDS,N2吸附-脱附及FT-IR等手段对合成样品进行表征。结果表明,所合成的EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛具有与EU-1分子筛及ZSM-5分子筛混合物相同的XRD图谱,但红外谱图的谱峰均向高波数方向偏移,并产生明显的次级介孔结构;在形貌上,复合分子筛中EU-1相周边规整附晶生长着ZSM-5分子筛的纳米颗粒。EU-1/ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成条件为m (EU-1)/m (SiO2)=1.1~1.4,n (OH-)/n (SiO2)=0.07~0.15,n (TPAOH)/n (TPABr)=1:9~5:5,晶化时间24~72 h,晶化温度100～120 ℃。     

合成条件对ZSM-35分子筛结构和形貌的影响

分别以乙二胺、环己胺和吡咯烷为模板剂,采用静态水热晶化法合成ZSM-35分子筛。通过XRD、SEM、低温N2吸脱附手段对分子筛的晶体结构、形貌和孔结构进行表征,对加料顺序、碱度、晶化温度和时间以及模板剂种类等影响分子筛合成的因素进行考察。结果表明：ZSM-35分子筛需在较强的碱性条件下合成,晶化温度为170 ℃时得到的分子筛样品结晶度较好,晶化时间适当延长有利于晶体的生长;模板剂种类对分子筛的形貌和粒径有较大影响,采用吡咯烷作模板剂在相同条件下得到的分子筛粒径最小,同时采用乙二胺和环己胺作模板剂时,得到了片状且分散较好的小粒径晶体。     

极浓体系下纳米级ZSM-5分子筛的合成

在以粗孔硅胶为硅源的极浓合成体系中,合成出纳米级ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、SEM、NH3-TPD和N2吸附-脱附等方法对其进行表征,考察了水量、模板剂用量和碱度对合成的ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度、晶化速率、形貌和酸性分布的影响。实验结果表明,在极浓合成体系(n(H2O)∶n(Si O2)=5~12)中,低水量下易于合成纳米级ZSM-5分子筛,且在一定范围内,随水量的减少,ZSM-5分子筛的酸性下降,晶化速率加快;ZSM-5分子筛的晶粒平均尺寸随模板剂用量的增加而减小,模板剂用量对ZSM-5分子筛的酸性和晶化速率的影响不明显;碱度对ZSM-5分子筛相对结晶度的影响较小,是调整分子筛粒径的重要手段,在一定范围内,碱度增加,合成的ZSM-5分子筛的晶化速率加快,酸量减少。     

晶种法合成ZSM-5分子筛规律的研究

以水玻璃为硅源,采用晶种替代有机模板剂在水热条件下合成ZSM-5分子筛。考察晶化温度、晶化时间、水硅比及合成凝胶pH值对ZSM-5分子筛相对结晶度的影响,结果表明,在无机体系中,当水硅摩尔比[n(H2O)/n(SiO2)]为18时,合成ZSM-5分子筛的最佳条件为：晶化时间10～13 h,晶化温度180 ℃,凝胶pH值控制在9左右。采用XRD、SEM等方法对采用晶种和引入有机模板剂正丁胺两种方法合成的ZSM-5分子筛样品进行表征,并以大庆VGO为原料,在重油微反装置上对分子筛进行催化性能评价,结果表明：在原料配比相同的情况下,两种方法合成的ZSM-5分子筛样品的结晶度、晶体形貌都相差不大,且具有较高的结晶度;两种方法合成的ZSM-5分子筛的催化性能差别不大。     

ZSM-22分子筛的水热合成与表征

以硅溶胶为硅源、氢氧化钾为碱源,以1,6-己二胺为模板剂,采用静态水热合成法合成纯相高结晶度ZSM-22分子筛。考察了晶化时间、原料配比、晶种的添加量等因素对ZSM-22分子筛相对结晶度和相纯度的影响。得出适宜的合成条件为:凝胶中硅铝比为n(Si O_2)∶n(Al_2O_3)=(80~90)∶1,碱用量为n(OH~-)∶n(Si O_2)=0.30~0.35,模板剂用量为n(DAH)∶n(Al_2O_3)=(27~35)∶1,晶化温度为160℃,晶化时间为48~72 h时,加入占凝胶总质量的1.3%~2.2%ZSM-22分子筛,能合成相对结晶度和纯度高的理想产品。     

无机体系中两段晶化法合成ZSM-5分子筛的研究

在无有机模板剂条件下,以水玻璃为硅源采用两段变温晶化法合成了结晶度良好的ZSM-5分子筛。分别考察了低温预晶化时间、高温预晶化时间和体系中NaCl引入量对合成分子筛晶体形貌和晶粒尺寸的影响。采用XRD、SEM和N2吸附-脱附等手段对合成样品进行了物性分析。结果表明：两段控温晶化法可以控制分子筛的晶粒尺寸及分布,低温120 ℃预晶化5 h时,合成样品的晶粒最小;高温180 ℃预晶化4 h时,合成样品的晶粒最小;随着合成体系中NaCl引入量的增加,合成ZSM-5分子筛的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,同时结晶度也逐渐降低,合成体系最佳的n（NaCl）/n（Al2O3）范围应控制在10~30。     

废ZSM-5分子筛再晶化并应用于甲烷部分氧化性能研究

废ZSM-5分子筛资源化利用可有效减少工业固废排放、降低环境污染，是一条节约能源、绿色环保且可持续发展的路线。探究了沸石废分子筛催化剂(主要为废ZSM-5分子筛)定向再生为ZSM-5分子筛的绿色回收工艺，重点考察了模板剂用量、补加硅源用量和模板剂种类对沸石废分子筛催化剂回收率的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸/脱附和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析合成分子筛的结晶度、比表面积和形貌，从而得出最佳合成条件：模板剂为四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)、硅源与模板剂比例为n(SiO₂):n(TPAOH)=1:1且补加硅源量与废分子筛硅源量比例为n(Si补加):n(Si废)=2.5:1.0，对应废分子筛催化剂回收率可达88.0%。利用废分子筛催化剂再晶化所得ZSM-5分子筛作为载体制得的催化剂用于甲烷部分氧化反应进行性能测试，在600°C下较未变废原料表现出更优异的CH₄转化率、CO选择性和H₂选择性。     

以焙烧高岭土为原料合成ZSM-5分子筛

以焙烧高岭土为原料,采用水热法合成ZSM-5分子筛,考察了晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂用量以及投料硅铝比等因素对分子筛合成的影响,得出了最佳的合成条件：晶化温度为140～160℃,晶化时间为24h, n(TPAOH)/n(SiO2)=0.10,投料硅铝比为15:1。采用XRD,SEM,N2 吸附脱附等手段对最佳条件下所合成的样品进行表征,结果表明,以焙烧高岭土为原料可以合成出结晶度相对较高、微孔分布集中于0.56 nm、晶粒大小约2μm的小颗粒ZSM-5分子筛。     

聚乙二醇存在下不同合成条件对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛形貌的影响

以四丙基溴化铵（TPABr）为微孔模板剂、聚乙二醇(PEG)为介孔模板剂,在不同的水热条件下,合成不同形貌的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,并探究其晶形及孔径分布变化。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电镜、N₂吸附-脱附等表征手段,研究分子筛的孔道结构和物化性能。结果表明,多级孔ZSM-5分子筛晶体尺寸随着硅/铝摩尔比(n(Si)/n(Al))的增大而减小;随着晶化温度的升高,组成晶体的晶粒由长六方板状变成正六方板状,晶化温度过高（200℃）会导致聚乙二醇的模板导向作用减弱;晶化时间延长,分子筛晶体形貌单一,只有板状晶粒穿插形成的晶体且晶体尺寸变大;随着聚乙二醇用量的增加,组成晶体的小晶粒逐渐增多,晶体从六棱明显的板状成为近球状。m(Si)/m(Al)/m(PEG)为100/0.027/20,晶化温度为180℃,晶化时间为36 h时, 多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度最高;合成的晶体大小均匀且形貌统一。     

水热合成条件对TS-1分子筛苯酚羟基化反应性能的影响

用四丙基氢氧化铵为模板剂水热法合成TS -1分子筛 ,经XRD、IR等表征证实合成的分子筛具有TS -1分子筛的典型光谱特征 ,SEM表征证实合成的TS -1分子筛结晶完全、晶粒均匀。该分子筛用于苯酚羟基化反应具有高催化活性和高选择性。结合物性表征研究了水热合成条件对合成的TS -1分子筛苯酚羟基化反应活性及选择性的影响。结果表明 ,最佳合成条件为 :晶化时间 2 4～ 72h ;晶化温度 170℃ ;模板剂用量及原料配比n(TPAOH) /n(SiO2 ) =0 2 2～ 0 3 0 ,n(SiO2 ) /n(TiO2 ) =3 3 ,n(H2 O) /n(SiO2 ) =3 5。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.