我谈城市交通

城市交通是城市规划领域一个重要的研究课题 ,在当前城市交通问题日渐突出的情况下 ,如何看待并解决这一问题 ,一直备受各界人士的关注。本刊自 2 0 0 2年第 10期刊出“我谈城市交通”的征稿启事以来 ,收到大量读者来稿 ,由于篇幅有限 ,只能刊出部分稿件 ,抛砖引玉 ,希望引起大家对城市交通问题更多的探讨     

创新的城市能源与交通

今天，全世界人民比以往任何时候都更加意识到能源效率的重要性，以及能源效率在解决全球关心的气候变化和依赖化石燃料问题上的潜力。发达世界国家政府正在采用各种政策和策略鼓励再生能源，开展更多节约能源的行动，旨在减少运营成本和二氧化碳的排放。在发展中国家，一些政府已经制订了专项计划开发和鼓励再生能源以满足他们的需求。     

German urban public transport policy

Germany began to invest heavily in new public transportation systems after 1960. Car ownership had risen from just under 1 million in 1953 to 6.6 million in 1963 (by 1982 this had risen to 24.1 million)¹ and the city centres of large cities were suffering from severe traffic congestion. Unlike the UK, which got rid of its trams when traffic congestion became a serious problem, Germany pursued a more expensive policy of reducing traffic congestion by building mainly underground rights of way for trams.     

The future of Latin American urban transport

The quality of urban life is strongly influenced by transportation systems. These systems condition the speed and comfort of daily journeys to work, school and other destinations, as well as the location of residences, commercial and industrial establishments and recreation areas. Transport systems are themselves conditioned by the political and economic characteristics of the societies where they are found: where such social characteristics are similar, the transport systems are likely to be also. This article analyses the principal characteristics of Latin American transport systems and their effects on the quality of urban life. Some underlying social factors responsible for the selection of certain modes and policies are also discussed.     

The artificial intelligence of urban dynamics: Neural network modeling of urban structure

A neural network, parallel distributed processing model of learning is adapted to represent the self-organizing urban system. The model is trained on a number of cases representing specific functional states of the system, and as a result learns, by a process of structural evolution, to recognize the general problem defined implicitly by the set of cases, and to solve it. The learning algorithm approach is based on an explicit distinction between the functional and structural organization of the system; questions such as the structural effects of a functional change are thus addressed directly. Specific results show that very simple models can learn to create transportation infrastructure appropriate for a variety of flow requirements, and then distribute flows in a reasonable manner over the network.     

大尺度城市模型与城市规划

1994年 ,美国规划师协会杂志 (JAPA)冬季特刊刊登了名为“2 0年后的大尺度城市模型”的专题论坛。在这个论坛中 ,一批活跃在城市模型领域的研究者 ,如RichardE Klosterman、MichaelBatty、DouglassB Lee、BrittonHarris、MichaelWegener,对城市模型发展 4 0多年来的历程作了回顾 ,并探讨、争论了模型方法本身及其在规划应用中的问题 ,而且总体上对城市模型的发展前景寄予较乐观的态度。这期特刊在广度与深度上都为城市模型的历史、现状与未来作了很好的总结 ,尤其作为对 2 0年前Lee的“大尺度城市模型安魂曲”一文的回答 ,在城市模型发展史上具有标志性的意义。本文集成了这些作者的主要观点 ,简要地介绍大尺度城市模型自 1 95 0年代诞生以来的成长历程 ,及与之相伴随的核心问题     

Sustainable transport and the modernisation of urban transport in Delhi and Stockholm

This article addresses issues of the development of transport systems taking its examples from Delhi and Stockholm. The introduction of the first bus rapid transport corridor in Delhi and the congestion tax in Stockholm is presented and discussed in terms of modernisation and sustainable transport. This paper explores the perceptions of politicians and examines some transport plans in the search for the driving forces for transport policies. The continuing presence of a high proportion of non-motorised modes of transport and use of public transport in Delhi over the past 50 years gives it a greater political opportunity for creating a more inclusive city than Stockholm. Whereas, in Stockholm, awareness of the influence of emissions on climate change makes the inhabitants more inclined to accept fees for the use of city streets where sustainable transport and modernisation of transport systems are seen as key activities, but are perceived and operationalised differently in Delhi and Stockholm. Despite all the differences, some similarities in the development of their urban transport projects have been found. This paper inquires into the planning and operationalisation of transport modernisation and the politics of sustainable transport.     

三维建模在城市规划管理中的应用

结合虚拟现实的概念和Web3D虚拟现实技术的特点,探讨了三维建模在城市规划管理中的应用,分别阐述了三维模型的建立流程及其关键技术,包括相关软件技术、数据的获取等,并总结了三维建模在城市规划设计中的作用,以期指导实践。     

承包西安城轨运输的分析

介绍了城轨的投资及建设和经营，探讨了西安城轨可能的运营模式，对特许经营成功的个案进行了分析，深入研究了承包城轨运输，以完善西安城轨运输的模式，从而促进城轨运输的发展。     

A benefit incidence matrix for urban transport improvement

By constructing a socioeconomic model within the framework of the multiregional general equilibrium theory, this paper proposes a matrix for an urban transport improvement project that illustrates the relationship between benefit generation and incidence. On this matrix the benefit/loss associated with each sector (household, private firm, absentee landowner, public transport corporation, and government) and associated with each item (transport, land, tax, fare revenue, and project surplus/loss) are indicated clearly, so that the social efficiency and equity of the project can easily be discussed.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 11th Pacific Conference, Singapore, July 1989.     

拉各斯为非洲城市交通建立标准

尼日利亚首都使用了一个新的公交系统,它正承载着三倍的预期乘客,而车费削减了三分之一。Jake Blosse讲述了拉各斯的快速公交系统怎样成为发展中城市的个中翘楚。     

可持续发展的城市交通系统评价指标体系

介绍了城市交通可持续发展的评价内容、过程及目标，并在此基础上建立了城市交通可持续发展系统的指标体系，以期为该体系的健全起到一定的作用。     

基于车道的城市交通网络模型

分析了交通网络的几何和交通流特征,建立了以车道为基本建模单元的交通网络模型,并探讨了交通网络模型中拓扑关系的表达方法,建立的城市交通网络模型为交通网络的优化提供了基础。     

城市道路参数化建模规则初探

随着参数化技术的发展,参数化建模的应用领域已逐渐拓展到建筑设计和城市规划设计领域,相关的研究也日益受到重视。但是,城市道路的参数化建模却较少受到学者们的关注。论文基于参数化设计平台CityEngine,研究并改进了城市道路的参数化建模规则,旨在拓展参数化建模的应用领域。     

Physical development planning and urban design in earthquake-prone areas

This paper argues that the application of physical development planning measures at national, regional and local level would reduce the risks to life and property of a potential earthquake in earthquake-prone countries and lessons are drawn from case studies. Basic definitions of hazard, vulnerability, sensitivity and risk are given. A check list of optimum physical planning measures, the goals to be achieved and level at which planning is envisaged is included in the paper. Measures to control vulnerability, in particular the use of low density development, and surrounding open space in densely populated urban areas are suggested.     

城市交通是巴西城市发展的关键

联合国人居署世界城市论坛第5次会议将于2010年3月在里约热内卢举行,会议的主题是城市权利,促进城市平等.您希望这次会议取得哪些成果?     

浅议城市公交业的管理与发展

针对山东省临沂市公交车行业经营体制、线路规划、人员素质三方面存在的问题进行了分析,探讨了各种问题的成因,在此基础上阐述了如何搞好公交车行业管理,提出了城市公交业管理与发展的新思路,以期为群众出行提供方便快捷的交通方式。