生物丁醇分离技术的研究进展及发展趋势

生物基（正）丁醇是一种重要的化学品和替代燃料,其主要制备途径为糖质底物的丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵。受制于发酵副产物多、溶剂浓度低、产物共沸等因素,传统的生物丁醇分离过程存在分离能耗大、成本高等问题,制约其产业化制备。为解决生物丁醇分离的技术瓶颈,近年来,应用新型分离技术实现与ABE发酵过程的耦合成为研究的热点。本文综述了生物丁醇分离技术的最新研究进展,讨论了基于汽液平衡、相转移、膜分离技术等新型分离方式的技术特点;并针对多级分离级联系统开发、面向终产物的精馏技术的新趋势、新特点进行剖析和讨论。随着分离技术的发展和进步、生物炼制工艺开发和集成,生物丁醇的制备成本可望进一步降低,提升市场竞争力。     

杜邦与BP试用16％生物丁醇调合燃料

杜邦公司与BP公司宣布，试用含16％可再生燃料组分生物丁醇的调合燃料，它可以比乙醇以更多比例与汽油调合，而不影响燃料性能。一般乙醇调入量为10％。BP公司测试了燃料配方和短期的发动机性能。结果表明，与普通汽油有配伍性，生物丁醇不发生相分离，在水存在下也不形成二种溶液。而乙醇趋于相分离，长期会危害发动机。     

华北制药与美国杜邦签订生物丁醇供应合同

华北制药公司与美国杜邦公司近期在上海签订了生物丁醇供应协议，双方对准备过程非常满意，并对合作前景表示乐观． 生物丁醇作为一种全新的生物燃料，与现有的生物燃料如生物乙醇相比，具有更多优势，其特点更接近汽油，具有更明显的商业价值．     

乙醇Guerbet缩合合成正丁醇反应催化剂性能的研究进展

由于生物丁醇比生物乙醇具有更高的能量密度和燃油效率,能与汽油以任意比混合、对发动机和管路无腐蚀性,因此生物丁醇更适宜作为日益枯竭的化石燃料的替代品。乙醇Guerbet缩合反应合成正丁醇具有原料来源广、工艺流程短、环境友好等优点,因而受到国内外广泛关注。作者系统比较了用于乙醇Guerbet缩合合成正丁醇反应催化剂的性能,并对今后催化剂的研究方向进行了展望。     

未来的能源之星——生物丁醇

第二代生物燃料目前包括纤维素乙醇、生物丁醇和混合醇。生物丁醇克服了乙醇的诸多缺点,与乙醇比有不可比拟的优势,主要体现在以下几方面：生物丁醇可在供应链的任何一个环节进行混合,而不致造成系统或原料方面的问题;若发生泄漏,则其在地下水中的扩散有限;能以较高比例与汽油混合,也可单独使用在所有汽油发动机中,与乙醇汽油比,可达到更长的车辆汽油里程;可由石油管道输送,而乙醇不可以;有利于保护生态环境;其正丁醚衍生物可用作柴油。除了其固有的优势外,     

循环经济

华北制药与美国杜邦签订生物丁醇供应合同华北制药公司与美国杜邦公司近期在上海签订了生物丁醇供应协议,双方对准备过程非常满意,并对合作前景表示乐观。生物丁醇作为一种全新的生物燃料,与现有的生物燃料如生物乙醇相比,具有更多优势,其特点更接近汽油,具有更明显的商业价值。杜邦公司成立于1802年,业务遍及全球70多个国家和地区,年收入为298亿美元,赢利31亿美元。华药与杜邦合作开发生物丁醇,优势互补,将会对全球尤其中国范围内可持续的再生生物燃料的开发、生产和消费进程产生积极作用。(孙佳音)乙醇制造商试图减少对玉米的依赖在近年来…     

丙酮、乙醇对丁醇渗透汽化性能的影响

考察了全硅沸石silicalite-1对丁醇-水、丙酮-水、乙醇-水、丙酮-丁醇-水、乙醇-丁醇-水5种体系中各溶剂的吸附作用。采用自制的silicalite-1/硅橡胶杂化渗透汽化透醇膜,研究了温度对丙酮、丁醇、乙醇分离性能的影响以及不同分离温度下丙酮、乙醇的浓度对丁醇、水渗透汽化性能的影响,结果表明丙酮和乙醇的存在会促进丁醇的透膜性。     

生物燃料的技术现状及研究趋势分析

生物液体燃料(燃料乙醇、生物柴油、生物丁醇等)是生物能源战略的重要组成部分,世界范围内产业化运作的液体生物燃料主要包括生物柴油和燃料乙醇。重点对生物柴油和纤维素乙醇这两种生物燃料的技术现状和技术研究趋势进行分析。工业生产生物柴油的主要方法是酯交换法,即利用动植物油脂和低碳醇在催化剂的作用下经酯交换反应生成脂肪酸酯。纤维素乙醇技术目前主要研究集中在开发可高效水解新型木质纤维素原料;开发新型温和预处理工艺;开发新型高效纤维素降解酶系;开发木质素高效利用产品;开发乙醇发酵基因工程菌株这五个方面。还对生物柴油和纤维素乙醇的研究趋势进行了方向性的分析。     

生物乙醇/丙酮/丁醇生产研究

生物法生产的乙醇、丙酮和丁醇是制药行业重要的溶剂之一,也是可替代生物能源之一。文章对生物发酵法生产乙醇、丙酮和丁醇技术进行了概括,并对其发展的前景进行了展望。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透气化膜在丁醇分离中的应用

通过相转化法制备PVDF多孔支撑膜,在其上涂覆致密的PDMS分离层制备得到PVDF/PDMS复合膜,用于丁醇的分离纯化。以丁醇水溶液为原料液,流速为1.6 L·min-1,丁醇浓度为15 g·L-1,温度为37℃时,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量为158.2 g·m-2·h-1,分离因子为17.3。向丁醇水溶液中按丁醇:丙酮:乙醇比例为6:3:1添加丙酮和乙醇模拟发酵液,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量升高到189.5 g·m-2·h-1,分离因子降低到14.8。进一步考察了以丙酮-丁醇-乙醇(ABE)发酵液为原料液的渗透气化膜分离性能,发酵液中不存在菌体时,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为120.2 g·m-2·h-1和19.7,而菌体存在时,复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为122.1 g·m-2·h-1和16.7。与PDMS均质膜相比,PVDF/PDMS复合膜在丁醇分离过程中的分离性能有了显著的提升,具有潜在的应用价值。     

能源短缺的生物解决途径

近年来,对可再生替代能源的忽视使我们陷入一种能源危机。在众多的解决方法中大部分都依赖微生物,通过发酵可得到生物乙醇、丁醇、生物柴油、生物烃、甲烷、甲醇,还可以通过微生物燃料产电电池和光合作用产氢起能源作用。文章主要对生物乙醇燃料进行讨论。     

Controllability Analysis of Process Alternatives for Biobutanol Purification

Biobutanol has characteristics similar to petroleum fuel and is considered as a superior biofuel compared to ethanol. The development of technologies for biobutanol production by fermentation has resulted in higher final biobutanol concentrations together with less energy‐intensive separation and purification techniques. These new technological developments have the potential to provide a production process for biobutanol that is economically viable in comparison to the petrochemical pathway for its production. The control properties of four different possible process designs for biobutanol purification are analyzed. The results, using the singular value decomposition technique, indicated that the scheme where only biobutanol flow is purified, and both ethanol and acetone leaving the purification process mixed with water and biobutanol traces, showed the best control properties.     

新型生物能源丁醇的研究进展和市场现状

对生物丁醇的理化性质和应用领域、国内外市场现状、生产技术现状和发展限制因素进行了总结分析,并提出了改良菌种,提高丁醇耐受性和产丁醇比例;开发高效的发酵工艺;开发高效低能耗的分离工艺;拓展原料品种,开发纤维素丁醇生产工艺等技术改进和发展方向的建议,以期能促进生物丁醇行业的产业化和可持续发展。     

代谢工程在生物丁醇生产中的应用及研究进展

传统的丁醇发酵由于其产量和产率都较低,制约了生物丁醇的发展。代谢工程以系统生物学为基础,为生物丁醇生产菌种的改造提供了合理的依据。介绍了丁醇发酵的菌种与丁醇的生物合成途径,综述了代谢工程方法在生物丁醇生产中的应用及其最新研究进展,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Synthesis and design of new hybrid configurations for biobutanol purification

The development of new technologies for biobutanol production by fermentation has resulted in higher butanol concentrations, less by-products and higher volumetric productivities during fermentation. These new technology developments have the potential to provide a production process that is economically viable in comparison to the petrochemical pathway for butanol production. New alternative hybrid configurations based on liquid–liquid extraction and distillation for the biobutanol purification were presented. The alternatives are designed and optimized minimizing two objective functions: the total annual cost (TAC) as an economical index and the eco-indicator 99 as an environmental function. All the new configurations presented reduced the TAC compared to the traditional hybrid configuration, in particular a thermally coupled alternative exhibited a 24.5% reduction of the TAC together with a 11.8% reduction of the environmental indicator. Also intensified sequences represented a promising option in the reduction of the TAC but with some penalty in the eco-indicator.     

Biocatalysts based on immobilized cells of microorganisms in the production of bioethanol and biobutanol

In this work, we discuss the processes for the production of bioethanol and biobutanol, which are promising alternative fuels, using biocatalysts based on cells of various microorganisms immobilized in poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogel. Biocatalysts based on immobilized cells reliably allow ethanol production from a variety of industrial and agricultural wastes (wheat straw, beet and sugarcane bagasse, parchment, corn cobs, soybean processing waste) with a high degree of conversion of consumed substrates to the target product. Ethanol concentrations are appreciably higher in media with biocatalysts than in free cells of the same microorganisms. It is found that immobilized cells of filamentous fungi can convert a wider range of the sugars contained in processed media to ethanol than commonly used yeasts. It is shown that the immobilization of the genus Clostridium cells that produce butanol enables us to reliably change the ratio of solvents that accumulate in the medium during acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation in the direction of a greater amount of butanol, thereby improving the process’s characteristics relative to present-day technologies based on free bacterial cells.     

渗透汽化技术在生物丁醇生产中的应用进展

渗透汽化作为一种膜分离技术应用于生物燃料丁醇生产过程,可减少产物对微生物的抑制,提高发酵效率．制备高纯度丁醇．具有广阔的应用前景。综述了国内外渗透汽化技术应用于生物质发酵制备燃料丁醇过程中所涉及的膜材料、应用和耦合过程的研究进展,指出了渗透汽化存在的问题,展望了该技术今后的发展趋势。     

Simulation study of biobutanol production in a polymer-loaded two-phase partitioning bioreactor (PL-TPPB): Simulation and strategy for biobutanol production

A simulation study was performed for a two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) with polymer beads, Dowex Optipore L-493, as a second phase. When the initial glucose concentration is less than 30 g/L, a single-phase bioreactor is preferred, because it consumed all the glucose with 40% of biobutanol yield. Any glucose over the concentration remained in the single-phase bioreactor because cells were completely inhibited by products, mainly biobutanol, and thus glucose availability became less than 100%. The TPPB with 10% polymer beads completely consumed up to 120 g/L glucose and more polymer beads were required for the higher glucose concentration. Instead of increasing the proportion of polymer beads, 2 vvm of nitrogen gas was introduced continuously into the TPPB for the stripping of products, reducing product inhibitions. By applying gas stripping to the TPPB containing 10% polymer beads, 150 g/L of glucose was completely consumed and 99.7% acetone, 46.8% butanol and 82.5% ethanol was stripped out of the TPPB. Finally, on the basis of these estimations, a novel strategy based on the initial glucose concentration was suggested for high biobutanol production.