植物乳杆菌B_(28)产细菌素的发酵条件研究

从来自保加利亚传统燕麦饮料中分离得到的植物乳杆菌B28出发,以腊样芽胞杆菌Baeillus cereus为指示菌,研究了植物乳杆菌B28生长特性以及产生细菌素的最佳时期;不同氮源、碳源和磷酸盐对细菌素抑菌活性性影响以及不同浓度硫酸铵溶液对细菌素的盐析效果。结果表明,植物乳杆菌B28在37℃条件下培养,14~16 h,生长进入稳定期;产生细菌素最佳发酵时间为24 h;70%的硫酸酸铵是适植物乳杆菌细菌素的盐析质量分数为。与对照培养基对比,植物乳杆菌B28的生长情况是酵母提取物>大豆蛋白>胰蛋白胨、蛋白胨、肉膏;乳糖>D-果糖、蔗糖、D-麦芽糖>D-木糖;磷酸盐对植物乳杆菌B28的生长影响不大。并得到了产生细菌素的最佳培养基配方。     

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)8-6产细菌素发酵条件的优化

对植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)8-6产细菌素的发酵条件进行了优化,分别研究了培养时间、温度、接种量、培养基起始pH值、培养基碳源、氮源等因素对细菌素产生的影响,通过单因素水平试验和正交试验,确定产细菌素的最佳培养基组合和最佳发酵条件为葡萄糖3%,胰蛋白胨2%,蛋白胨1%,酵母膏1%,硫酸镁0.058%,吐温-80 0.2%,30℃培养24h,培养基起始pH值为6.5,接种量2%。乳杆菌8-6优化后效价为1825.56IU/mL,比优化前提高了373.15%。     

植物乳杆菌C8-1产类细菌素的初步研究

从发酵2周的泡菜中分离到66株乳杆菌,以其中4株乳杆菌作为出发菌株进行紫外诱变处理得到一株产类细菌素的突变株C8-1。基于细胞形态、生理生化和16S rDNA测序数据,菌株C8-1被鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。菌株C8-1所产的类细菌素具有较宽的抑菌谱,能够抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等多种食品腐败菌和致病菌;有较好的热稳定性,在4℃冷藏5 d和-20℃冷冻5d以及60,80,100℃和121℃分别加热15 min,活性损失均不超过6%;且抑菌活性随pH值增大逐步降低,当pH≥6时,抑菌活性消失,对胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶耐受性较强,对胰蛋白酶较为敏感。这些数据表明,产类细菌素的植物乳杆菌C8-1在食品加工中具有进一步地潜在应用价值。     

植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)CW5的筛选及细菌素抑菌活性的研究

为了提高抑菌活性,对植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)CW5产细菌素的发酵条件进行了优化,分别研究了培养时间、温度、接种量、培养基起始pH、培养基碳源、氮源等因素对细菌素产生的影响,通过单因素水平实验和正交实验,确定产细菌素的最佳培养基组合和最佳发酵条件为:葡萄糖3%,胰蛋白胨1.5%,蛋白胨1.5%,酵母膏1%,硫酸镁0.058%,吐温80 0.2%,30℃培养24 h,培养基起始pH为6.5,接种量2%。CW5在优化前效价为367.82 IU/mL,优化后效价为1619.85 IU/mL,提高了340.39%。     

应用改良的Jameson-effect模型建立植物乳杆菌对单增李斯特菌的抑制模型

本文旨在研究植物乳杆菌对单增李斯特菌的抑制作用,并建立植物乳杆菌对单增李斯特菌的抑制模型。通过稀释法获得植物乳杆菌纯菌培养液及植物乳杆菌/单增李斯特菌的混合培养液,分别置于7℃、14℃、21℃、28℃与35℃恒温培养箱中培养并适时取样计数,单增李斯特菌纯培养数据从Com Base数据库获得。基于两种菌的混合培养数据,应用Baranyi模型为初级模型,拟合得到两种菌的最大比生长速率和迟滞期,进而应用改良的Jameson-effect模型建立植物乳杆菌对单增李斯特菌的抑制模型,并对模型进行数学检验。结果显示,7℃时植物乳杆菌不生长;14℃、21℃、28℃与35℃条件下,植物乳杆菌对单增李斯特菌有显著抑制作用。抑制模型数学检验结果为均方误差值在0.07~0.10之间,偏差因子值在0.98~1.04之间,准确因子值在1附近,表明所建立改良的Jameson-effect模型能够较好地预测植物乳杆菌作为抑菌剂存在条件下单增李斯特菌的生长情况。     

植物乳杆菌P-8发酵乳的代谢物图谱

发酵乳是由上百种生物分子组成的一个复杂的食品体系,目前没有单一的分析平台能够完整地测定其所有的代谢物.本试验通过监测植物乳杆菌P-8单菌发酵乳和植物乳杆菌P-8与商业发酵剂YC-X11复配发酵乳的发酵特性,采用超高效液相色谱和四极杆飞行时间串联质谱技术结合统计学方法分析发酵乳的代谢物图谱.试验结果表明,植物乳杆菌P-8...     

Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua from a vegetable processing plant by RAPD and REA

The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes in a vegetable processing plant was investigated over a 23-month period. Frozen ready-to-eat vegetable samples, well as the plant environment, were sampled. The molecular subtyping techniques, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Restriction Endonuclease Analyses (REA), were performed to help investigate the origin and routes of Listeria dissemination.

The low and sporadic incidence of L. monocytogenes made it impossible to establish an epidemiological sequence in the processing plant, though a case of cross-contamination between tomato and ratatouille was detected. Listeria innocua subtyping, however, allowed us to determine the prevalence of several strains in vegetables, and their presence on machinery samples suggested the possibility of cross-contamination during processing.

The low incidence of L. monocytogenes indicated that the risk of listeriosis transmission by vegetable consumption is low. On the other hand, the isolation of the same strain of L. innocua in several surveys pointed out the risk of colonisation on surfaces and machinery. The persistence of Listeria spp. is a cause for concern as can lead to future contamination of vegetables processed in the plant and to a possible increased risk for health. Therefore, periodic controls for the presence of Listeria spp. and a further review of the cleaning and disinfection procedures used in frozen vegetable plants are recommended.     

高产细菌素植物乳杆菌的诱变选育研究

为获得细菌素高产菌株,以植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）JLA-9为出发菌株,对其进行亚硝基胍（NTG）诱变、常压室温等离子体（ARTP）诱变,以及基因组改组。结果表明,亚硝基胍诱变的最佳浓度为4 mg/m L,经筛选得到两株突变株N4-26、N4-27,其抑菌效价分别为2531.93、3057.32 IU/m L;常压室温等离子体诱变最佳时间为10 s,经筛选得到两株突变株ARTP10-37、ARTP10-61,其抑菌效价分别为2974.27、3261.62 IU/m L。将上述抑菌效价提高的菌株经四轮基因组改组后,得到一株突变株F4-2,其抑菌效价达到7374.76 IU/m L,相对于原始菌株提高了2.35倍,且遗传稳定性良好。研究表明理化诱变结合基因组改组的方式是快速获得理想菌株的有效方法。      

微生物共培养对植物乳杆菌RX-8合成细菌素的诱导作用

目的:植物乳杆菌RX-8分离自中国传统泡菜,可代谢合成Ⅱb类细菌素plantaricin EF.该细菌素抑菌谱广,加工应用特性良好,有作为天然食品生物防腐剂的巨大潜力,然而,其合成水平较低,工业化生产及应用严重受限.本研究探讨外源微生物共培养作为环境刺激因子,诱导菌株RX-8高效合成plantaricin EF的可行性...     

植物乳杆菌CGMCC.5297产细菌素条件的优化及应用

用响应面法对植物乳杆菌CGMCC.5297生产细菌素的培养基进行了优化。通过Plackett-Burman设计和中心组合试验设计,植物乳杆菌CGMCC.5297代谢产细菌素的最佳培养条件为酵母粉5.09g/L,牛肉膏10.85g/L,葡萄糖55.34g/L。此时的细菌素上清与指示菌单核细胞增多性李斯特菌CVCC1595共培养4h后,指示菌OD600nm为0.001 73,效价为4499 IU/mL,提高了1.4倍。在最优发酵条件下获得的试验结果与模型预测值吻合,说明所建立的模型是切实可行的。将优化后的植物乳杆菌上清加入到自制酸奶中,发现此细菌素对酸奶具有良好的保鲜效果。     

Survival of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Chill Brines

ABSTRACT:  Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogen of concern in ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products. Salt brines are used to chill processed meats. L. monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can grow under saline conditions, and may compete with each other for nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of lactic acid bacteria ( Enterococcus faecalis , Carnobacterium gallinarum , and Lactobacillus plantarum ) on the survival of L. monocytogenes and Listeria innocua in brines stored under low temperatures for 10 d. Sterile tap water (STW) and 2 brine solutions (7.9% and 13.2% NaCl) were inoculated with 1 of 5 cocktails ( L. monocytogenes , L. innocua , LAB, L. monocytogenes + LAB, or L. innocua + LAB) at initial concentrations of 7 log CFU/mL. Brines were stored for 10 d at 4 or 12 °C. Three replications of each brine concentration/cocktail/temperature combination were completed. No significant reductions of L. monocytogenes occurred in 7.9%[w/v] or 13.2%[w/v] brines when LAB were present; however, there were significant reductions after 10 d of L. monocytogenes in the STW solution when LAB were present (1.43 log CFU/mL at 4 °C and 3.02 log CFU/mL at 12 °C). L. innocua was significantly less resilient to environmental stresses of the brines than L. monocytogenes , both with and without LAB present ( P ≤ 0.05). These strains of lactic acid bacteria are not effective at reducing L. monocytogenes in brines at low temperatures. Furthermore, use of L. innocua as a model for L. monocytogenes is not appropriate under these environmental conditions.     

乙醇胁迫提高植物乳杆菌p-8的共轭亚油酸(CLA)转化率和相关酶转录水平

该文研究了在MRS培养基中添加0.05 mg/mL LA（Linoleic acid,LA）和不同浓度的乙醇时植物乳杆菌p-8的CLA（Conjugated linoleic acid,CLA）转化率和CLA合成相关酶转录水平的差异情况。结果显示,发酵液中的三种CLA异构体转化率都是在添加0.50%乙醇时最高,其中转化cis9,trans11-CLA（t9,t11-CLA）异构体最高,为2.49%,比不添加乙醇增加2.37倍。添加不同浓度乙醇的发酵液中trans10,cis12-CLA（t10,c12-CLA）转化率都是最低的。菌体中产生的CLA非常少,但规律与发酵液的基本一致。添加0.50%乙醇菌体中t9,t11-CLA转化率最高,其转化率仅为0.05%,比不添加乙醇增加了5倍。当乙醇浓度高于0.50%时,各种不同CLA异构体的转化率却都减少。结果表明CLA是在胞液内产生后再被运转到胞外的,一定浓度范围内的乙醇胁迫通过提高CLA合成相关的酶基因转录水平,进而促进了CLA的转化,可见CLA合成相关酶基因转录水平是造成CLA转化率差异的主要原因。结果为阐明植物乳杆菌p-8产CLA的分子机制和寻找有效提高CLA生成的调控手段奠定了基础。     

响应曲面法优化乳杆菌产细菌素的条件研究

以分离自泡菜可产细菌素的乳杆菌作为实验菌,优化其产细菌素的最佳培养条件,以提高其产细菌素的能力。通过Plackett-Burman实验筛选出对乳杆菌产细菌素有显著影响的3个因素,分别为装液量、葡萄糖质量浓度以及蛋白胨质量浓度。以抑菌圈直径大小作为产细菌素能力大小的判断依据,通过最陡爬坡实验和Box-Behnken实验进一步优化,并对优化的结果进行验证,验证结果表明,预测值和实际值有良好的拟合性,此优化模型可靠。最后确定的乳杆菌产细菌素的优化培养基组成为:蛋白胨30g/L、葡萄糖15g/L、柠檬酸氢二铵2g/L、K2HPO42g/L、乙酸钠5g/L、MnSO4.4H2O0.25g/L、MgSO4.7H2O0.58g/L、吐温800.1%;最佳培养条件为:装液量25mL、温度30℃、培养时间24h、接种量1%、pH6.0。在此优化发酵条件下,细菌素的产量提高了30%。      

葡萄酒中植物乳杆菌的鉴定及其耐受性分析

本论文对4株分离自甘肃、宁夏产区葡萄酒中的乳杆菌进行鉴定并通过调整改良MRS培养基分析植物乳杆菌对酒精浓度、pH和SO2浓度的耐受性.结果表明:16S rDNA鉴定得到3株植物乳杆菌,在单一因素影响下,3株菌在pH 3.0条件下有良好生长,在16％vol酒精浓度可生长,110mg/L SO2浓度下可生长.在综合因素影响...     

植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ对小鼠肠道菌群的调节

以小鼠粪便中的双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌数量为检测指标,比较了灌胃含有植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ活菌量6×107,6×108,6×109mL-1的脱脂奶液对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ对小鼠肠道菌群具有一定的调节效果,有效剂量为6×108mL-1。灌胃108mL-1活菌15d,停止灌胃3～5d后仍具有显著效果,5～7d后各项指标菌的量回复到灌胃前水平。     

D and z Values of Salmonella, Listeria innocua, and Listeria monocytogenes in Fully Cooked Poultry Products

: The D and z values of Salmonella, Listeria innocua, and Listeria monocytogenes were obtained for different ready‐to‐eat poultry products, including chicken, turkey, and duck. The D values of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes were 151.5 to 0.1 min at 55 to 70°C, and the z values of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes were 4.9 to 7.0 °C. Significant differences were found for the heat resistance of Salmonella, L. innocua, and L. monocytogenes among turkey, duck, and chicken products, indicating that the kinetic values of a certain pathogen in a specific product should be used for determining process lethality in fully cooked and vacuum‐packaged poultry products during post‐cook heat treatments.     

植物乳杆菌的筛选及其在泡菜中的应用

实验筛选了1株产酸较好的菌株,鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Laobacillusplantarum),将其应用在制作泡菜中,进行小批量自然发酵和人工发酵。结果表明,自然发酵的最佳周期为48h,人工接种发酵的最佳周期为36h。人工接种发酵从发酵周期、乳酸产量、感官评定等各方面都明显优于自然发酵,既适合家庭制作,又适于工业化大批量生产。     

Bactericidal action of binary and ternary mixtures of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol against Listeria innocua

The bactericidal effect of 3 natural agents (carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol) was evaluated as well as their binary and ternary mixtures on Listeria innocua inactivation in liquid model systems. Minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of these agents were determined, and then binary and ternary mixtures were evaluated. Culture media were inoculated with L. innocua and incubated for 72 h at 35 °C. Turbidity of studied systems were determined every 24 h. The most effective individual antimicrobial agent was carvacrol, followed by thymol and then eugenol with MBCs of 150, 250, and 450 mg kg(-1), respectively. It was observed that the most effective binary mixture was 75 mg kg(-1) carvacrol and 62.5 mg kg(-1) thymol. Furthermore, the ternary mixture carvacrol-thymol-eugenol in concentrations of 75, 31.25, and 56.25 mg kg(-1), correspondingly, was the most effective for L. innocua inactivation. Several binary and ternary mixtures of these 3 natural antimicrobial agents worked adequately to inactivate L. innocua.     

酸奶中嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌检测方法的研究

根据嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌对不同碳水化合物的选择性利用，设计了适合上述4种乳酸菌的选择性计数培养基，并对其效果进行了验证。结果表明，利用MRS培养基、麦芽糖-MRS培养基和山梨醇-MRS培养基(两种培养基共同使用)能满足选择性计数的要求。以所设计的选择性培养基，研究了含有4种乳酸菌的酸奶中不同乳酸菌在产品货架期内活菌数的变化规律。