铝锂合金YAG-MIG复合焊缝成形特征及性能研究

对5A90铝锂合金薄板YAG-MIG复合焊缝成形特征及性能进行了研究.结果表明:YAG-MIG复合焊可以显著改善5A90铝锂合金激光焊缝下塌、咬边等现象,扩大激光焊的最大间隙容许裕度,使之可达1.0mm.复合焊接头的主要组织特征为细晶层和焊缝区大范围等轴晶,与激光焊接头类似.而不同之处表现为复合焊接头的显微组织相对粗化...     

Nd:YAG激光焊接对铝锂合金组织和织构的影响

采用Nd:YAG激光进行了5A90铝锂合金薄板的对焊实验,借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜及EDS能谱、背散射衍射技术测试了焊缝的显微组织、合金元素分布及焊缝中的微观织构,并与母材进行了比较。结果表明:Nd:YAG激光焊接使5A90铝锂合金的微观组织和微观织构发生了很大的变化。焊缝区呈现出大量的等轴枝晶组织,这是由于焊缝中存在较多的异质形核点和较高的成分过冷度。焊缝中织构呈随机分布的状态,激光焊接完全改变了母材面心立方金属的冷轧织构组织。     

Zr58Nb2.76Cu15.46Ni12.74Al10.34Y0.5非晶合金激光焊接接头微观结构及显微硬度表征

目的 探究激光焊接参数对非晶合金焊接接头的组织演变、焊缝成形、晶化程度等的影响规律,以及控制接头晶化的有效途径.方法 采用碟片激光器对Zr58Nb2.76Cu15.46Ni12.74Al10.34Y0.5非晶合金进行激光焊接,对比分析不同激光功率下,焊接速度对接头熔宽和晶化组织形成的影响规律,并对接头各区域微观组织特征...     

铝锂合金TIG焊缝中细晶层成因的研究EI

铝锂合金ＴＩＧ焊缝边缘存在独特的细晶层组织，而焊缝金属的联生结晶被抑制。细晶层的形成与铝锂合金中锂、锆和钛等合金元素的性质以及这些元素对熔池结晶过程的影响有关。     

近红外光纤激光与蓝光半导体激光焊接紫铜工艺对比研究

目的 提高紫铜激光焊接接头的力学性能,并分析激光工艺参数对焊缝外观及焊缝微观组织的影响规律。方法 分别对蓝光半导体激光与近红外光纤激光焊接紫铜的工艺参数进行优化设计,采用光学显微镜观察焊缝的外观形貌,采用拉力机测试焊缝的抗拉强度,采用金相显微镜观察和分析焊缝的微观组织。结果 当采用近红外光纤激光进行焊接时,功率为2 000 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为156 MPa。当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,功率为500 W,焊接速度为20 mm/s,焊缝抗拉强度为246 MPa,达到母材抗拉强度的80%。结论 由于铜对蓝光波长的吸收率较高,当采用蓝光半导体激光进行焊接时,热量输入较低,焊缝的变形相对较小,并且焊缝中心各个方向上的温度梯度相同,容易形成等轴晶,有利于力学性能的提高。     

增材制造GH3625与轧制GH3625激光焊接头组织及力学性能分析

本工作对激光增材制造GH3625(以下简称3D-GH3625)与轧制GH3625进行激光焊接试验，研究激光功率对其焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能的影响，并对其焊接接头的显微组织演变规律进行分析。结果表明，随着激光功率增加，两侧焊缝的熔合区完成由胞状晶向胞状树枝晶转变，而在激光功率相同时，厚板从上到下两侧熔合区的组织形态由上层的柱状晶和胞状晶转变为下层的柱状树枝晶，焊缝中心区由上层的柱状树枝晶和等轴树枝晶转变为下层的柱状树枝晶。当P=5.0 kW,焊接接头无明显表面缺陷、力学性能优良，抗拉强度高达861 MPa,伸长率达到50%左右，对接头断口进行分析，发现断口处有块状MC、部分撕裂棱和孔洞存在。随着激光功率的增加，接头抗拉强度从最高860 MPa下降至833 MPa。     

焊接参数对铝合金激光填丝焊缝成形的影响

采用ER5356焊丝对1.2mm厚5A06铝合金和3mm厚5A90铝锂合金进行激光填丝焊接实验,探讨了焊接参数包括光丝间距、送丝速率、激光功率和焊接速率等对焊缝成形的影响.结果表明:光丝间距必须控制在一定范围内才能获得成形较好的焊缝,且其优化范围受焊接速率的影响显著;母材板厚较小有利于激光填丝焊优化送丝速率的提高及其范围的扩大;焊接速率对焊缝成形的影响较大,随着焊接速率的增加,激光功率应随之增加与其匹配;激光填丝焊时在保证熔透性且较好成形的基础上,应尽量采用较小的焊接热输入.     

热应变对2090铝锂合金焊接热影响区显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用焊接热模拟实验方法研究了在焊接热循环和应力－应变循环同时作用下，２０９０铝锂合金妆热影响显微组织和力学性能的变化特性，结果表明，在焊接热应变作用下，应变使合金中强化数量增多，晶车化，从而降低了２０９０铝锂合金焊接热影响我的软化倾向。     

异种高熵合金CuCoCrFeNi和AlCoCrFeNi的激光焊接头组织和性能研究

为开展异种高熵合金激光焊接性研究,采用光纤激光对1.2 mm厚的异种高熵合金CuCoCrFeNi和AlCoCrFeNi实施了对接焊试验,利用金相观察、EDS、XRD和显微硬度计等方法对接头组织和性能进行测试.研究表明:在经历焊接热循环后,HAZ的金相组织没有发生明显变化;在FZ附近发现两种不同类型的显微组织(柱状晶和胞状晶),WM中心区由等轴晶组成;WM区内各元素均匀分布,FZ附近区域焊缝晶界处存在Cu、Al元素的偏聚,与母材相比,该偏聚现象明显减弱;焊缝横截面的显微硬度略高于CuCoCrFeNi合金,远低于AlCoCrFeNi合金;异种接头拉伸试样断裂位置发生在AlCoCrFeNi合金母材处,接头的抗拉强度σb为166 MPa,断口形式为解理断裂,其断口形貌为扇形花样与河流状花样(无撕裂棱).与母材组织相比,焊缝区晶粒明显细化,且焊缝仍为高熵合金.     

柱形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接铝锂合金接头组织及力学性能

采用柱形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接5mm厚的铝锂合金轧制板,并对接头组织和力学性能进行了分析.焊后接头形成了三个组织差异明显的区域:焊核区,热机影响区和热影响区.焊核区微观组织呈鱼鳞状;热影响区组织在焊接热循环作用下,发生回复反应,形成棒状的回复晶粒;前进侧和后退侧热机影响区内为颗粒较大的等轴晶晶粒,且后退侧晶粒尺寸大于前进侧.力学性能测试结果表明,焊接速度υ＝40mm/min时,接头获得最高拉伸强度(296MPa);焊接速度υ＝80mm/min时,接头获得最大延伸率(8.6%).硬度测试结果表明,焊缝区发生了软化,前进侧和后退侧材料的软化区间大致相同,但后退侧软化程度高于前进侧.     

304不锈钢与PA66塑料激光焊接工艺研究

目的 研究304不锈钢和PA66(尼龙)的焊接工艺,提高焊缝剪切强度。方法 采用500 W光纤激光器对异种材料进行搭接焊接实验,对激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量、焊接次数进行四因素四水平正交实验,并且测试焊缝剪切强度。结果 当激光功率为350 W,焊接速度为600 mm/s,离焦量为1 mm,焊接次数为3时,焊缝剪切强度达到最大的58 MPa。极差分析结果表明,影响焊缝剪切强度的因素依次为激光功率、离焦量、焊接速度、焊接次数。结论 微观结构分析结果表明,焊缝在PA66塑料侧呈现韧性断裂;在304不锈钢侧呈现韧性脱落,塑料和不锈钢有紧密的贴合,这种结构有利于提高焊缝的剪切强度。     

TC4钛合金线性摩擦焊接头的组织与硬度分析

采用线性摩擦焊焊接TC4钛合金,对焊态下接头的显微组织及硬度进行了分析与测试。结果表明：焊接接头可分为母材区、热机影响区和焊核区。热机影响区组织由母材至焊核区依次为等轴α相和层片状（α＋β）相沿受力方向被拉长组织、纤维状组织中伴有等轴状α和层片状（α＋β）再结晶晶粒、针状α’和少量的α再结晶组织。焊核区组织为针状α’,而且纵向由中心至边缘组织逐渐粗大。垂直于焊缝方向由母材过渡到焊缝中心硬度逐渐由360HV增大到390HV左右,焊核区纵向硬度由中心向边缘逐渐减小到330HV左右。     

2024-T4铝合金光纤激光填丝焊缝成形与组织性能的相关性

2024-T4铝合金光纤激光填丝焊缝横截面分为钉头形和近X形2种典型形貌,对比分析了该2种形貌的焊缝成形与组织形态、显微硬度和接头拉伸性能的相关性。结果表明:近X形横截面的焊缝在焊接过程中更加平稳,焊接飞溅更少。焊缝区的组织特征为垂直于熔合线相对生长的柱状晶组织和焊缝中心的等轴晶组织。钉头形焊缝中心晶粒的二次枝晶较发达,逐渐形成等轴树枝晶,而近X形焊缝中心晶粒相对细小,呈现为等轴胞状晶。与钉头形横截面的接头相比,近X形横截面的接头焊缝区析出的强化相θ(Al2Cu)相对较多,平均显微硬度值略高,热影响区的软化现象逐渐减弱,接头强度和塑性略低。     

Microstructure characteristics of thick aluminum alloy plate joints welded by fiber laser

It's difficult to weld high strength thick plate since the groove is huge when using traditional arc welding, and the weld tends to be softened and large deformation could occur after multi-layer welding. All of these can affect the industrial application of high strength thick plate wielding. In this case, developing advanced welding technology and welding material is necessary to optimize the microstructure and performance of the welds. Fiber laser has many advantages such as good monochrome and high quality laser beam. In order to decrease the heat damage to the base metal from the welding heat source, low heat input is employed for welding thick plate. Fiber laser is applied in the welding of 20 mm thick Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with super narrow gap filler wire. The microstructure comparison of Al–Mg–Mn alloy and Al–Mg–Mn–Zr–Er alloy welded joints reveals that a huge amount of fine equiaxed grains is formed in the weld zone of Zr and Er micro-alloying Al–Mg–Mn alloy welding wire and a great number of precipitation strengthening phases are precipitated in the weld zone after the heat treatment of welded joints in the entirety.     

Single pass laser joining of Inconel 718 superalloy with filler

Abstract

Microstructure and mechanical property of CO₂ laser beam welded IN 718 superalloy were studied by electron microscopy and hardness testing. The use of a welding filler wire produced a sound fusion zone with no cracking but grain boundary microfissuring occurred in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and was observed to be significantly influenced by pre-weld heat treatment and laser welding speed. Crack-free weld was produced by a pre-weld heat treatment that minimised non-equilibirum grain boundary boron segregation and inhibited grain growth. While post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) reduced the difference between the hardness values of the base alloy, HAZ and the fusion zone, it resulted in increased HAZ cracking, which was likely aided by pre-existing cracks. The PWHT cracking was, however, avoided by subjecting pre-weld material to the heat treatment condition that produces crack-free weld during welding process.     

Continuous Wave ND:YAG Laser Welding of Sand-Cast ZE41A-T5 Magnesium Alloys

A continuous wave 4 kW Nd:YAG laser system was used to weld 2-mm butt joints of sand-cast ZE41A-T5 magnesium alloys at a power of 2.5 kW, welding speed of 6.0 m/min, and defocusing distance from - 2 to + 3 mm for the material in the machined surface conditions. It was found that the adjustment of defocusing distance greatly influences the establishment of conduction or keyhole mode welding. Conduction welding is obtained at a power density of 4.0 × 10⁵ W/cm². Keyhole welding is reached at a threshold irradiance of 1.5 × 10⁶ W/cm². The fusion zone consists of refined equiaxed grains formed through cellular growth in the Zr-containing magnesium alloys. The partially melted zone is rather narrow, only a few grains wide. No grain growth or coarsening but softening is observed in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld defects observed include three main types: imperfect shape, cavities, and weld cracks. The mechanisms of their formations are discussed. In addition, the original cast quality was found to have a significant influence on the formation of defects such as underfill, surface depression, porosity, and burn-through during laser welding.     

Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure,hardness, and residual stress

Layered ultrasonic impact treatment (LUIT) was used on V-groove welds in 55?mm Q345 steel plate. Two welds were prepared, one by conventional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and the other by GMAW and LUIT, where impact treatment was performed at nine stages during filling of the 28-pass weld. Microstructure, hardness, and residual stress in the welds were compared. While residual stress is very similar, there are significant differences in microstructure and hardness. The LUIT weld has mainly equiaxed grains and uniform hardness, while the conventional weld has columnar grains and a hardness gradient. It appears that beads in the LUIT weld did not exhibit columnar grain growth, and instead equiaxed grains grew from the fusion boundary into the weld.     

汽车高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接力学性能研究

目的 针对汽车高强钢SG1000焊接接头恶化等问题,研究了SG1000激光复合焊接的力学性能。方法 选用等强匹配焊丝MG90-G对高强钢SG1000进行激光复合焊接,对焊接接头进行拉伸和低温冲击韧性试验,并结合扫描和硬度监测等手段对焊缝组织和断口形貌进行分析。结果 由于激光的预热作用,高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接成形件的焊缝美观,焊接过程稳定可靠,焊接熔池深度较大,有效改善了传统焊接的咬边、飞溅、气孔等缺陷。焊缝组织主要由板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒组成,热影响区的过热区内部板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒比较粗大,而焊接母材主要为细小的板条马氏体和奥氏体晶粒。焊接拉伸断口主要为细小且较浅的韧窝,且韧窝底部存在第二相粒子及夹杂物,焊接拉伸断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌为韧性断裂;冲击微观形貌主要由准解理小平面及河流花样组成,且存在一定数量大小不一的韧窝交错分布,焊接冲击断口断裂于热影响区且微观形貌也为韧性断裂。结论 焊缝热影响区的晶粒比非热影响区的晶粒粗大,拉伸和冲击断裂均发生于热影响区;随着激光功率的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现逐渐增强的趋势;随着焊接速度的增大,复合焊接接头的力学性能呈现先增强后削弱的趋势。高强钢SG1000激光复合焊接最佳工艺参数如下:激光功率为9.5 kW,焊接速度为0.8 m/min,对应屈服强度为1 072 MPa,抗拉强度为1 175 MPa,断裂伸长率为13.5%,冲击断裂吸收的能量为30.8 J、焊缝中心显微硬度为342 HV。