化学混沌与BZ反应的细观元胞自动机模拟

将所提出的细观元胞自动要应用于化学混沌与ＢＺ反应的计算机模拟,分别制定了８组分和５组分系统中粒子随机运动和反应碰撞的演化规则,建立了Ｗｉｌｌａｍｏｗｓｋｉ－Ｒｏｓｓｌｅｒ化学混沌与Ｂｅｌｏｕｓｏｖ－Ｚｈａｌｂｏｔｉｎｓｋｉ反应的二维元胞自动机模型,并在计算机上对它们进行了成功地动态模拟。     

自组织现象的元胞自动机模拟与图示

将确定性元胞自动机、随机元胞自动机、及作者创建的多元随机元胞自动机，用于模拟自然界广泛存在的自组织现象。建立了若干自组织行为的元胞自动机模型，并用自己编制的ＰＣＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下的通用元胞自动机程序，模拟ＢＺ振荡反应、定向压力下结晶条带形成、天分子化学反应等自组织过程。最后对该程序的工作平台及主要的模拟与功能作了简单的说明。     

Liesegang环带的形成机理及其元胞自动机模拟

提出了一种在反应沉淀过程中过饱和成核结晶加上Ostwald熟化作用的Liesegang环带形成机理,并按此机理建立了一种二维混合随机元胞自动机模型,制定了成核、结晶、溶解、分解、迁移、反应和扩散等的演化规则,并在计算机上对该Liesegang环带的元胞自动机模型进行了动态模拟。     

Liesegang环带的形成机理及其元胞自动机模拟

提出了一种在反应沉淀过程中过饱和成核结晶加上Ostwald熟化作用的Liesegang环带形成机理 ,并按此机理建立了一种二维混合随机元胞自动机模型 ,制定了成核、结晶、溶解、分解、迁移、反应和扩散等的演化规则 ,并在计算机上对该Liesegang环带的元胞自动机模型进行了动态模拟     

基于元胞自动机的交通流计算机模拟

元胞自动机是把复杂系统量化为简单的个体,在元胞自动机模型中.空间、时间都被离散化,每一个相互作用的单元仅为有限的状态.以元胞自动机理论为基础,把车辆在路段上交通流中运动的变化规律表述为元胞自动机的演化规则,建立了基于元胞自动机理论的交通流模拟模型,标定了元胞长度和最大速度等参数,分析了元胞变换的原则;详细探讨了元胞自动机在道路交通模拟中的应用,设计出了交通元胞自动机的结构,分析了交通元胞自动机所采取的状态变换原则,建立了一维(单车道)交通流模拟模型;并利用C语言编程实现模拟.模拟结果符合实际交通流的特点.     

初等元胞自动机的界面设计及稳定性分析

建立了所有规则下的初等元胞自动机的可视化模型及界面,设计了用于判断初等元胞自动机稳定性的应用程序,并可直接计算得到演化类型及周期.在此基础上,模拟得到了不同元胞数m,随机产生的不同的初始状态,不同规则数R以及各种边界条件下初等元胞自动机的演化结果,并分析了以上因素对稳定性的影响.结果表明:元胞数m,初始状态,规则数R以及边界条件,均对初等元胞自动机的演化类型,演化周期产生较大影响.充分反映了元胞自动机的复杂性.模型从模拟的角度出发,为元胞自动机的复杂性研究提供了一个简单的、可视的计算机仿真工具,并可为复杂的理论推导提供参考或验证.     

复杂网络上病毒传播的元胞自动机模拟

针对病毒在复杂网络拓扑结构中传播行为的多样性特点,运用元胞自动机模拟病毒传播过程,并采用"易染-感染-免疫"模型和"易染-感染-易染"模型构造元胞自动机模拟方法.实验结果表明,该自动机模型能较好地模拟复杂网络中病毒的传播过程.     

复杂网络上病毒传播的元胞自动机模拟

针对病毒在复杂网络拓扑结构中传播行为的多样性特点,运用元胞自动机模拟病毒传播过程,并采用“易染-感染-免疫”模型和“易染-感染-易染”模型构造元胞自动机模拟方法。实验结果表明,该自动机模型能较好地模拟复杂网络中病毒的传播过程。     

基于改进的元胞自动机的网络舆情传播模型

本文针对网络舆情传播,结合元胞自动机理论,提出了一种三维元胞自动机模型。该模型能够更加准确地模拟网络舆情的传播动态,有效地解决舆情传播过程中遇到的问题。实验结果表明新的模型和算法简便、高效,基于三维元胞自动机建立的传播模型清晰的表达了网络舆情传播的过程。     

基于元胞自动机的港湾公交站间距影响研究

公交系统对城市交通流的影响十分显著，在对现有经典交通流元胞自动机模型进行总体分析的基础上，提出了一种考虑公交车辆和港湾式公交停靠站影响的多速混合车辆双车道元胞自动机模型，重新标定了元胞长度、运行车速和随机慢化机制，引入了公交车停靠站，改进了车辆变换车道规则。通过计算机模拟，再现了传统交通流三参数之间的关系，为更好地描述城市混合交通流奠定了基础。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.