液体聚丁二烯橡胶的脱挥工艺

将质量分数为10.00%的聚丁二烯橡胶溶液水洗至中性后加热,加热后的胶液经预热器、浓缩器顶部分配盘分配后进入落条式脱挥器的列管中,聚丁二烯橡胶溶液在下落过程中经落条式脱挥器进一步浓缩至质量分数大于25.00%。研究了胶液浓度、进料速度、预热温度、落条式脱挥器的温度及压力等工艺条件,结果表明,落条式脱挥器脱挥工艺适用于液体聚丁二烯橡胶溶液的脱除溶剂,所得产品的微观结构含量与国外同类产品基本相当。     

降膜蒸发用齿形螺纹调节液体分布器

几年来生产实践证明了,用于二甲基硅油生产时重要设备脱低分子降膜蒸发器的设计是合理的。它与国内外已知的同类蒸发器最不同之处是,所设计的液体分布器为齿形螺纹调节式的,见图1。用此种液体分布器的降膜蒸发器生产的二甲基硅油产品不仅超过了国家标准,而且不低于同类的日本产品。该液体分布器的特点:成膜完整均匀,产量高,稳定可靠,结构简单,安装方便,不易堵塞,造价低廉等。     

顺酐生产中升膜蒸发器结垢原因分析及解决

本文对顺酐生产中升膜蒸发器结垢的原因进行了分析，指出顺丁烯二酸溶液长时间在１３０℃的温度下生成反丁烯二酸，反丁烯二酸稍溶于水，而以针状结晶物析出，从而在升膜蒸发器换热管内形成结垢。解决办法是降低蒸汽温度，改进升膜蒸发器结构，提高换热管束内流体分布均匀程度，缩短溶液在升膜蒸发器内的停留时间。     

详谈降膜蒸发器的分布器

本文介绍了降膜蒸发器结构、特点和蒸发原理。详细对降膜蒸发器的各种分布器进行了介绍。本文将重点介绍一种用于热敏物质的降膜蒸发器的分离式分布器,供同行参考。希望对同行就降膜蒸发器和分布器的选用提供一些建议。     

液体分布器研究进展及新技术

液体分布器是空分膜式主冷凝蒸发器中的关键设备,液体均匀分布是换热器性能的保证。本文综述了目前竖直管降膜蒸发器和空分膜式主冷用液体分布器的研究现状,发现大多液体分布器结构存在无法有效排出蒸汽的不足。在已有液体分布器结构的基础上,提出了一种可以集中排出蒸汽的液体分布器结构形式,上述设计为空分膜式主冷凝蒸发器用液体分布器设计提供了重要参考。     

落条式脱挥发物设备液体分布装置的研究

以糖浆为实验介质，采用接液法和电导探针法，研究了落条式脱挥发物设备中的列管式蒸发器用液体分布装置。该装置由一倒置的圆锥形分布器和一成膜器组成。前者用以实施管间的流体流量分布，后者用以实施管内流体的液膜分布。成膜器的最佳环隙宽为１．９～２．５ｍｍ，相应的底圆直径约为４６ｍｍ。分布的结构参数与进料流量、流体物性之间的关联式为Ｈ＝０．０３９ＱηＬ／ρｂ＾３（ｂ＋ｄ１）－０．１１８。该液体分布装置具有结构     

高黏聚合物系脱挥设备研究进展

聚合物脱挥对产品性能和缩聚反应过程具有十分重要的影响。脱挥设备是实现聚合物高效脱挥的关键手段。针对高黏聚合物系脱挥过程特性,指出增大气液相界面积和提高界面更新速率是改进脱挥设备的关键。综述了刮板式薄膜脱挥器、螺杆挤出机、卧式圆盘反应器和卧式捏合反应器等脱挥强化设备的技术特性和应用现状,并介绍了以旋转填充床为代表的新型脱挥强化设备的研究进展,为实现高黏聚合物系高效脱挥提供了新途径。     

高效机械搅拌式薄膜蒸发器在工业生产中的应用

介绍了高效机械式薄膜蒸发器的工作原理、特点，以及其在农药脱溶、液碱浓缩等工业生产中的应用。     

管壳式降膜蒸发器在烧碱蒸发装置中的应用

介绍了生产50%烧碱的三效逆流降膜蒸发工艺,并阐述了该工艺中的核心设备管壳式降膜蒸发器的工作原理。通过对碱液分布器、折流杆管束结构、捕雾器及蒸发器的合理选材等方面的技术研讨和结构改进,使该管壳式降膜蒸发器完全满足节能降耗的工艺要求。     

焦油蒸馏用二段蒸发器的改造

1 问题的提出 我公司的焦油蒸馏采用切取三混馏分的一塔式工艺。在二段蒸发器底部采出沥青,侧线切取二蒽油,一蒽油则在馏分塔底采出。二段蒸发器由5层弓型隔板的蒸发段和6层圆形泡     

旋转填充床内高黏介质脱除有机挥发组分过程强化

The removal of a volatile organic compound (VOC) from high viscous liquid was carried out in a rotating packed bed (RPB) in this study. The mixed liquid of syrup and acetone was used as simulated high viscous polymer solution with acetone as the volatile compound. The influence of the rotating speed of RPB, liquid viscosity, liquid flow rate, vacuum degree, and initial acetone content in the liquid on acetone removal efficiency was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal efficiency increased with increasing rotating speed and initial acetone content in the viscous liquid and decreased with increasing liquid viscosity and flow rate. It was also observed that acetone removal efficiency increased with an increasing vacuum degree and reached 58% at a vacuum degree of 0.1 MPa. By the comparison with a flash tank devolatilizer, it was found that acetone removal ef-ficiency in RPB increased by about 67%.     

工业聚合反应装置：Ⅲ.均相本体聚合反应器（下）

论述了聚酯，聚酰胺缩聚反应装置及高粘流体脱挥设备。在简述其选型原理及设备结构的基础上，介绍和推荐了一些新型缩聚反应器和脱挥装置。     

精肼槽废渣回收技术

一种新型的精肼槽废渣回收技术，具有投资少，能源利用率高，处理较彻底的特点。     

轴流式强制内循环表面更新设备在有机硅生产中的应用

介绍了新型脱低设备－轴流式强制内循环表面更新设备的结构、工作原理、生产工艺，试验表明，该设备可用于生产超低挥发分的高粘度硅油的硅橡胶。     

A diffusion coefficient model for polymer devolatilization

Polymer devolatilizers are in widespread use in the polymer industry for removing solvents and monomers from polymer melts prior to product fabrication. Design equations for describing the solvent flux usually include both the diffusion coefficient of the solvent in the polymer melt and the equilibrium concentration of the solvent at the polymer-vapor interface. Several models make the as sumption that the solvent diffusivity is constant over the ranges of solvent concentrations and temperatures in the devolatilizer. This is a critical assumption that may be difficult to check without obtaining diffusivity data at the operating temperatures and concentrations of the process equipment. There are three models that can be used for diffusion coefficients in devolatilizer design: the free volume model developed by Duda, Vrentas, and coworkers; a new linear model proposed in this study; and a constant diffusivity model, The linear model is obtained by combining a new correlation for solvent activity coefficients in molten polymers with free volume theory and linearizing the resulting equation. The error between using the complete free volume theory and using the linear model, or alternatively, using a constant diffusion coefficient, is calculated for several solvent-polymer systems. The linear model is convenient to use for determining the effects of the solvent activity coefficient on the diffusion coefficient. A method is presented for determining whether the complete model, the linear model, or the constant diffusivity model is appropriate for a given devolatilizer design.     

塔顶全凝器在多晶硅尾气回收技术中的应用

在目前多晶硅生产工艺中,美国CDI尾气回收技术应用非常广泛。但是由于其分离出来的氯化氢气体中混有大量的氢气,且没有设置缓冲储罐来储存氯化氢,对后续工段的生产会造成不利影响。将其塔顶分凝器改为全凝器,降低了氯化氢中氢气的含量,增加了液态氯化氢储罐,缩小了塔的直径,降低了三氯氢硅工段产生的副产物对尾气回收工段的影响,保证了后续工段的正常生产,同时也降低了塔的投资成本。     

聚酰胺66连续聚合反应器尾气余热的回收利用

聚酰胺66连续聚合生产工艺中,反应器尾气余热与浓缩槽所需热量持平,改造前直接排入大气。技改方案采用高压蒸汽减温、减压原理,设计配套饱和塔、过滤器、喷淋系统、回收槽等装置。蒸汽饱和塔是回收利用的核心装置,改造浓缩槽加热蛇管以增大换热面积。反应器尾气在饱和塔内制成中压饱和蒸汽转换为浓缩槽热源,尾气中的微量己二胺回收后集中进行无害化处理,防止己二胺和低聚物凝结结晶,堵塞设备和管道。实践表明,技改后,生产稳定,达到节能降耗、清洁生产和产品质量稳定控制的目的。     

The mechanism of foam devolatilization in partially filled screw devolatilizers

An experimental investigation was conducted into elucidating the mechanism of foam devolatilization. For the investigation, we have constructed two separate apparatuses of Plexiglas—one simulating the partially filled flow channel in a single-screw devolatilizer, and the other simulating the partially filled, closed-chamber (often referred to as the “C-chamber),” in a twin-screw devolatilizer. The test fluids employed were aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide having various concentrations. During the preparation of the test fluids, we controlled the amount of air entrapped in the liquid phase by varying the level of vacuum applied. The entrapped air stayed as fine gas bubbles dispersed in the polymer solution, and mixtures of the polymer solution and air bubbles were subjected to devolatilization experiments. In the use of a single-screw devolatilizer, we have observed that: 1. The streamlines show circulatory flow patterns forming a singular point at a position slightly below the free surface, where small gas bubbles are trapped initially and become stationary, and 2. The small gas bubbles trapped at the stationary position coalesce later to form large gas bubbles, which then move slowly toward the free surface and are removed under vacuum from the system. In the use of twin-screw devolatilizers, we have found that the degree of fill, the rotational direction of the screws, and the degree of intermeshing, (i. e., partially or fully intermeshing) greatly influence the amount of free surface available for the removal of volatiles, as well as the flow patterns in the liquid pool, and thus the devolatilization efficiency.     

脱硫再生及硫回收系统的技术改造

介绍了脱硫再生及硫回收系统改造情况,叙述脱硫剂的选择,再生槽、喷射器及熔硫釜、放硫阀的优化设计。     

聚合母液料回收工艺的改进

阐述了聚合母液料回收工艺,改进后将流失的PVC物料送至母液箱,等母液箱料满后用软水将PVC物料冲至母液罐,再用浆料泵将母液罐中的物料打至高位槽,由高位槽二次出料经过滤器送至离心机脱水,并采用顶盖密封式母液箱且在母液箱中加了滤肉。改进后可增加效益约50万元／a。