发酵法生产甘油工艺路线的探讨

概述了发酵法生产甘油的技术进展 ,对现行的两种耐高渗压酵母发酵法工艺进行了比较 ,认为二步发酵法生产甘油新工艺是目前较理想的工艺。并介绍二步发酵法新工艺的基本原理、工艺流程和技术特点 ,探讨新工艺产业化的有关问题     

甘油及其市场评述

本文分析了甘油市场行情，对目前市场上存在的四种甘油进行了评述，并说明在将来发酵法生产甘油可能是解决我国甘油供需紧张局面的主要方法。     

周期变温和后期通氮气或二氧化碳发酵对提高甘油产量的影响

引　言甘油是一种重要的工业原料 ,广泛用于化工、食品、医药等领域 .生产甘油的方法主要有化学合成、油脂水解和肥皂液提取以及糖类原料经微生物作用的发酵法 .由于化学合成甘油的产量有限 ,肥皂行业受到洗涤剂行业的冲击 ,肥皂生产减少 ,甘油产量也随之下降 ,市场供不应求 .因此 ,发酵法以其原料来源丰富、设备简单等得到人们的青睐[1～ 3 ] .发酵法是以糖类为原料 ,利用某些微生物在一定条件下通过代谢作用而产生甘油 .用耐高渗酵母发酵生产甘油的研究已有许多文献进行了报道[4～ 7] ,我国在这方面也做了大量的研究工作 .但大规模工业化…     

国内外甘油生产概况

本文论述了国内外天然甘油及合成甘油的生产概况。对合成甘油中用丙烯合成法、发酵法及氢解法的生产及科研现状作了较全面介绍，并指出我国发展甘油生产的前景。     

发酵法生产甘油的发展趋势

发酵法是继皂化法、化学合成法之后的第三种甘油(丙三醇)生产方法.耐渗透压酵母合成丙三醇的方法是国际领先的技术,与一般发酵法相比,该方法是在需氧而不是微氧或厌氧下生长;不需要加入转向剂;酵母可在较高的糖浓度生长发酵;糖的转化率可达到60%.我国近20年来甘油年产量始终在3万t左右,进口量也是3万t上下,我国是丙三醇缺口大国.大量增产的皂化甘油将对发酵法生产的甘油形成竞争,若将发酵甘油精制成医药级,利润将比较可观,竞争的形势将趋于良好.     

发酵法生产甘油的发展趋势

发酵法是继皂化法、化学合成法之后的第三种甘油(丙三醇)生产方法。耐渗透压酵母合成丙三醇的方法是国际领先的技术,与一般发酵法相比,该方法是在需氧而不是微氧或厌氧下生长;不需要加入转向剂;酵母可在较高的糖浓度生长发酵;糖的转化率可达到60％。我国近20年来甘油年产量始终在3万t左右,进口量也是3万t上下,我国是丙三醇缺口大国。大量增产的皂化甘油将对发酵法生产的甘油形成竞争,若将发酵甘油精制成医药级,利润将比较可观,竞争的形势将趋于良好。     

发酵法生产甘油

本主要介绍了国内外发酵法生产甘油的现状水平，国内工业化生产甘油的工艺条件、经济效益、三废治理、存在问题和今后研究的方向。     

发酵法生产甘油的发展趋势

发酵法是继皂化法、化学合成法之后的第三种甘油(丙三醇)生产方法.耐渗透压酵母合成丙三醇的方法是国际领先的技术,与一般发酵法相比,该方法是在需氧而不是微氧或厌氧下生长;不需要加入转向剂;酵母可在较高的糖浓度生长发酵;糖的转化率可达到60%.我国近20年来甘油年产量始终在3万t左右,进口量也是3万t上下,我国是丙三醇缺口大国.大量增产的皂化甘油将对发酵法生产的甘油形成竞争,若将发酵甘油精制成医药级,利润将比较可观,竞争的形势将趋于良好.     

甘油发酵生产概况及工艺研究的新方向

简单介绍了发酵法甘油生产及研究的现状,分析了不同生产方法的存在问题,在理论上提出了一些解决途径,以期对发酵甘油的研究和生产有所借鉴。     

发酵法工业生产甘油

日本日研化学公司与农林水产省食品综合研究所发现了可以使葡萄糖高效率转化成甘油的酵母菌种,首次提出有希望利用发酵法工业生产甘油。以往虽然也发现有些酵母菌可以制造微     

The determination of glycerine in polyol mixtures by paper chromatography

Summary Paper chromatography has been found to be a very satisfactory method for the separation of glycerine from hexitols, pentitols, tetritols, and glycols. After separation of the glycerine on paper the glycerine is eluted from the indicated zone with water. The formaldehyde, which is a product of periodic acid oxidation, is determined colorimetrically. A suggested procedure and the results of the analyses of standard glycerine and polyhydric alcohol mixtures are presented in this paper. The results indicate that the glycerine content of the mixtures (glycerine content ranging from 15% to 100% glycerine) may be determined with an average relative precision of 0.7% and with an average recovery of 101.0%.     

甘油作陶瓷磨具成型料松散度调节剂的研究

本文针对固结陶瓷磨具生产中存在的成型料结块现象及机理加以分析。在参考大量文献的基础上选定甘油作为成型料松散度调节剂,对加入甘油后成型料的松散性、流动性进行研究,检测成型料压制出的湿、干坯强度,并对试验产品的各项性能进行分析对比。结果显示成型料添加甘油2-4ml／kg干料后,成型料的松散性、流动性提高50％以上。在生产应用中发现,采用成型料添加甘油的新工艺后,年度组织不均废品率由原来的5．40％降到2．00％左右;年度总废品率由8．87％降到4．00％左右。     

Use of snake-cage polyelectrolytes for purifying glycerine

Amphoteric snake-cage resins were applied successfully to separate sodium chloride from glycerine. Good separations were obtained by the ion-retardation method at glycerine feed concentrations as high as 50% and at flow rates as fast as 1 gal. per square foot per minute in beds which were 3 ft. deep or less. Glycerine product was obtained at concentrations of 20–35%; glycerine loss was only 1% and removal of the sodium chloride 90% or more. Thus greater resin productivity and higher product concentration resulted that in comparative ion-exclusion experiments. As a results, the calculated capital investment was much less for an ion-retardation plant for purifying glycerine. The calculated operating costs were slightly less.     

Determination of arsenic in glycerine by hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy

A rapid method for the determination of arsenic in glycerine is described. The glycerine sample is diluted and any arsenic present reacted with sodium borohydride and hydrochloric acid to give arsine gas. The evolved arsine is quantitated by atomic absorption spectroscopy in a quartz tube positioned in the flame of a commercial instrument. The method is faster than the colorimetric arsine method recommended by the United States Pharmacopeia and has a precision of 4.4% (RSD) at the 50 μg level (equal to 1.25 μg As/g glycerine).     

甘油生产中的节能技术

通过A、B、C三个厂甘油车间设计的能耗分析 ,阐述了甘油生产中的节能技术 ,并提出了带热泵三效蒸发的工艺流程、操作条件和主要设备参数。     

生物柴油生产过程中粗甘油的预处理

对生物柴油生产过程中粗甘油进行真空脱醇、酸化、稀释、中和等过程处理,达到工业甘油生产的质量要求。在真空度-0.07～-0.08 MPa下,温度80℃加热1 h,粗甘油甲醇含量降至0.4%以下;用50%硫酸酸化至pH 4,粗甘油体积百分数为61%;在50 g粗甘油中加入15 mL水稀释,生物柴油与甘油分离较好。经处理后甘油水经真空精馏、脱臭、脱色达到工业甘油标准。     

The influence of different glycerine purities on chemical recycling process of polyurethane waste and resulting semi‐products

Chemical recycling is the most favourable recycling method due to the possibility of polyol recovery. This work is dedicated to the utilisation of crude glycerine and polyurethane waste. It aims at determining the impact of the use of glycerine from the production of biodiesel with various degrees of purity as a cleavage agent on the decomposition process of polyurethane foam. The influence of glycerine purity on the chemical structure of recycling products was analysed using Fourier transform infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopies and gel permeation chromatography. Hydroxyl and amine values were determined, and rheological measurements were performed. Glycerolysates showed minor structural differences due to the presence of amine groups and exhibited heterogeneous structure compared to original polyols. The ones obtained in decomposition using 84 and 99.5% glycerine had a lower viscosity below 0.45 Pa s at 50 °C and higher hydroxyl number of 183 and 220 mg KOH g^?1, respectively, compared to the ones obtained with glycerine purity of 40 and 62% due to a different chemical structure. All of the products of decomposition were defined as non‐Newtonian fluids, where viscosity depended on the shear rate. Selected glycerolysates were used in the production of cast polyurethanes with satisfactory mechanical properties. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

An evaluation of methods for production of C. P. Glycerine

Summary This paper reviews, describes, and evaluates the processes for the production of C. P. glycerine, using ion exchange resins. By using the ion exclusion-ion exchange processes or the combined process to produce C. P. glycerine from all types of crude glycerines or sweetwaters, the entire yield of glycerine meets and/or exceeds U. S. P. specifications. Presented at the Spring Meeting of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Houston, Tex., April 22–25, 1956.     

Formation of formic acid from glycerine using a hydrothermal reaction

BACKGROUND: Glycerine, a main by‐product of the biodiesel manufacturing process, has potential to be an important biorefinery feedstock with the rapid increase in biodiesel production all over the world. Hydrothermal experiments with glycerine were carried out at 250 °C using H₂O₂ as an oxidant. RESULTS: Glycerine was converted into formic acid with a yield of 31.0% based on the starting mass of carbon in glycerine. A possible oxidation pathway for the formation of formic acid from glycerine is proposed. In the proposed pathway, glycerine may first be oxidised and then decomposed into formic acid and oxalic acid. Oxalic acid was indirectly attributed to the increase of formic acid production from glycerine, but it instead acts as a retardant to prevent further oxidation of formic acid. However, when an alkali was added to the experimental conditions, the yield of formic acid was not greatly improved, reaching only 34.7%. CONCLUSION: The present work should help to facilitate further studies to develop a new green process for the production of formic acid from renewable biomass. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

A novel technique for separating glycerine from palm oil-based biodiesel using ionic liquids

Biodiesel production from abundant bio-sources has drawn the attention of the academic as well as the industrial communities in recent years. However, one of the most serious obstacles for using biodiesel as an alternative fuel is the complicated and costly purification processes involved in its production. The difficulties involved in the separation of glycerine and other un-reacted reactants and by-products necessitate the development of new competent low cost separation processes for this purpose. In this work, a low cost quaternary ammonium salt-glycerine-based ionic liquid is proposed as a solvent for extracting glycerine from the transesterification biodiesel product. The separation technique was tested on palm oil-based produced biodiesel with KOH as a reaction catalyst. The study investigated the effect of DES:biodiesel ratio and the DES composition on the efficiency of the extraction process. The lab scale purification experiments proved the viability of the separation technique with a best DES:biodiesel molar ratio of 1:1 and a DES molar composition of 1:1 (salt:glycerine). The purified biodiesel fulfilled the EN 14214 and ASTM D 6751 standard specifications for biodiesel fuel in terms of glycerine content. A continuous separation process is suggested for industrial scale application.