书讯

正《阀门手册——选型》——本书由化学工业出版社于2013年1月出版发行,张清双、尹玉杰、明赐东主编。全书针对阀门用户的实际需求,在介绍了各种阀门选型基本知识的基础上,重点介绍了各种阀门的结构、技术特点、应用场合及选用原则等内容,阀门种类包括闸阀、球阀、蝶阀、截止阀、止回阀、旋塞阀、柱塞阀、隔膜阀、电磁阀、节流阀、蒸汽疏水阀、减压阀、安全阀、调节阀、放料阀、塑料阀门、陶瓷阀门以及供水管网、水     

润华集团ERP系统的澎湃力

润华集团股份有限公司是一家跨地区、跨行业的综合性大型股份制企业集团,山东省政府确定的全省首批51家现代企业制度试点单位之一.经营领域涉及汽车销售、汽车修理、配件供应、旧机动车交易、客运出租、汽车租赁、机动车拍卖、房地产开发、制药、进出口贸易、物业管理、广告企划等众多行业,并参股金融业,基本确立了以汽车服务业、药业、房地产业为支柱产业,投资、贸易、实业协调并进的发展格局.     

2007年中国机床工具行业十大新闻

1.中央和地方省市主要领导频繁视察机床行业企业,国家为数控机床产业发展创造了空前良好的发展环境 胡锦涛、吴邦国、温家宝、贾庆林、李长春等党和国家领导人以及辽宁、黑龙江、山东、江苏、云南、湖北、广东、陕西、浙江、天津、重庆等省市主要领导相继视察了机床工具厂和数控系统厂.各级领导频繁视察,为数控机床产业的发展创造了空前良好的发展环境.     

《现代科学仪器》征稿启事

《现代科学仪器》是在国家有关领导人和著名科学家的指导和大力支持下诞生的。它是中国科技核心期刊,是国内最重要的以介绍和评论国内外仪器为主的综合性科技期刊。读者对象为各行各业实验室、试验室、研究室应用与维护仪器的科技人员及购置与管理仪器设备的人员;从事高技术及其产品研制生产的科技人员;各级有关管理决策人员;大专院校师生等。涉及物理、化学、生物、医疗卫生、制药、农业、地矿、机械、电子、石油、化工、冶金、能源、交通、环保、建筑、轻工、商检、     

TNG系列多功能提取浓缩回收机组

成都永泰制药化工机械厂是专业生产制药机械、化工机械、食品机械成套设备的厂家。其生产的TNG系列多功能提取浓缩回收机组适用于中药、生化、食品等行业的常压、水煎、温浸、强循环渗漉、芳香油提取和有机溶媒回收及提取液、中药、植物、动物、食品、化工液料的浓缩。     

“全国第一届近红外光谱学术会议”在北京成功召开

由中国分析测试协会和中国石油学会石油炼制分会共同主办的全国第一届近红外光谱学术会议于2006年10月28日至30日在北京西郊宾馆的会议中心举行。来自清华大学、浙江大学、天津大学、南开大学、吉林大学、上海交通大学、西安交通大学、哈尔滨工业大学、中国农业大学、中南大学、第二军医大学、后勤工程学院、第二炮兵工程学院、海军航空工程学院、暨南大学、广西大学、首都师范大学、山东轻工业学院、中国计量学院、中科院光机所、中科院上海技术物理研究所、     

陈光祖 超制造业正在兴起

正当前,世界汽车产业正步入经济危机的复苏年代,汽车产业正酝酿着,以信息化为标志的高新产业群广泛和深入的应用,不断渗透到传统汽车产业诸要素中,促进汽车产业结构的转型升级,形成新兴的生产力,诸如新能源、云计算、大数据、3D打印技术、超级计算机、量子计算技术、微电子技术、纳米、光电、超导、激光、化合生物、复合材料、高铁技术、4G、先进军工技术和智能技术等等,都正在不断融入汽车产业中,这已成为世界汽车产业共同遵循的,科学的规律,中国     

《现代科学仪器》征稿启事

《现代科学仪器》是在国家有关领导人和著名科学家的指导和大力支持下诞生的。它是中国科技核心期刊,是国内最重要的以介绍和评论国内外仪器为主的综合性科技期刊。读者对象为各行各业实验室、试验室、研究室应用与维护仪器的科技人员及购置与管理仪器设备的人员;从事高技术及其产品研制生产的科技人员;各级有关管理决策人员;大专院校师生等。涉及物理、化学、生物、医疗卫生、制药、农业、地矿、机械、电子、石油、化工、冶金、能源、交通、环保、建筑、轻工、商检、技术监督等各项科技领域。     

企业技术标准是赢得市场竞争的利器

GB/T 15497-2003《企业标准体系技术标准体系》对技术标准的定义为:"对标准化领域中需要协调统一的技术事项所制定的标准",企业技术标准是对标准化领域中需要协调统一的技术事项制定的标准,是以产品标准为核心的设计、研发、采购、生产、检验测试、包装运输、贮存、交付、安装、服务等整个产品生产过程中与产品质量、规格、性能有关的系列技术标准,同时还包括能源、安全、职业健康、环境、信息等相关内容的其他技术标准,这是一个完整的保证产品市场价值的技术标准体系.技术标准是企业标准的主体,是企业组织生产、技术开发和经营管理的技术依据.     

两只狼的交战

一位年迈的北美切罗基人教导孙子们人生真谛。他说：“在我内心深处,一直在进行着一场鏖战。交战是在两只狼中间展开的。一只狼是恶的——它代表恐惧、生气、悲伤、悔恨、贪婪、傲慢、自怜、怨恨、自卑、谎言、妄自尊大、高傲、自私和不忠;另外一只狼是善的——它代表喜悦、和平、爱、希望、承担责任、宁静、谦逊、仁慈、宽容、友谊、同情、慷慨、真理和忠贞。     

Histochemical and ultrahistochemical localization of heavy metals in calf organs

Cadmium, zinc, selenium, and copper were administered, singly or in combination, orally or subcutaneously. Experiment I included 32 calves of both sexes; six received Cd (two groups), Zn, Cd, and Zn, and Cd and Se (two groups) and one group was a control. In Experiment II (21 bulls), three were given Cd, Cd, and Cu, and Cd and Zn, respectively, and one group was a control. For light microscopy, in Experiment I the highest amounts of silver granules were present in the samples of liver, small intestine, and vesicular gland of all the exposed groups; in Experiment II the most affected organs were liver, kidney, and small intestine. For electron microscopy, in Experiment I, after administration of Cd and Zn, the highest amounts of granules were seen in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and the lowest amounts were found in glandular cells of the pancreas. Administration of Cd and Se resulted in the presence of large numbers of granules in the nuclei and nucleoli of spermatogonies. In Experiment II, ingestion of Cd and Zn in feed led to the appearance of highest amounts of granules in the nucleoli, nuclei, and cytoplasm of cells in testes, kidneys, and pancreas. Following Cd intake, the highest accumulation of granules was observed in the nucleoli of hepatocytes and cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules. Combined Cd and Cu produced the highest number of granules in cells of the proximal and distal renal tubules and in the nucleoli and nuclei of germinal epithelium.     

Effects of polydatin on the proliferation,migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer

To investigate the effects of polydatin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer, the change of proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of human ovarian cancer cell OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 was detected by using polydatin and up-regulating PI3K. The anticancer activity and mechanism of polydatin in ovarian cancer were analyzed. Polydatin could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910, and inhibit the expression of PI3K protein. After the expression level of PI3K protein was up-regulated, the inhibitory effect of polydatin on the proliferative ability, migration ability, and invasive ability of OVCAR-3, A2780, and HO-8910 significantly decreased, suggesting that PI3K was the target of polydatin. Therefore, we concluded that polydatin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of PI3K protein, which provides an experimental basis for polydatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.     

Localization of sarcoglycan, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin molecules in normal skeletal myofiber: triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy.

In order to investigate the mode of existence of the sarcoglycan complex, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin in the normal skeletal myofiber, we examined the ultrastructural localization and mutual spatial relationship of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, dystrophin, and the individual components of the sarcoglycan complex by using triple immunogold labeling electron microscopy. Each molecule of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycans is located intracellularly or extracellularly near the muscle plasma membrane mostly in accordance with the sarcoglycan antigenic sites against which the antibodies were generated. The association of different two and/or three sarcoglycan molecules out of alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-sarcoglycan molecules was frequently observed. Each molecule of nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin was ultrastructurally noted along the cell surface of normal skeletal myofibers. Moreover, the close relation of a sarcoglycan molecule with beta-dystroglycan and dystrophin, and the association of nNOS with dystrophin were also confirmed ultrastructurally. Thus, this study demonstrated that the constituting molecules of the sarcoglycan complex, nNOS, beta-dystroglycan, and dystrophin existed in the form of a cluster at the normal muscle plasma membrane. The association of nNOS with dystrophin and its associated glycoproteins may form a macromolecular signaling complex at the muscle plasma membrane.     

可展开固体反射面机构设计及运动学分析

针对传统固体反射面机构主反射面型面精度和收拢率较低的问题,设计了一种可展开固体反射面机构。首先,提出4种固体反射面机构可展单元构型并对其机构自由度进行分析,对比分析构型方案优缺点确定构型方案4作为可展单元基础构型,并对其结构和展开原理进行详细设计。通过D-H坐标变换建立该机构可展单元的运动学模型,根据几何约束条件建立机构位置矢量方程,利用向量封闭投影法解出各回转角间的关系,结合MATLAB软件编程对机构的位置、速度和加速度进行分析。应用ADAMS软件建立机构仿真模型,验证了机构运动学分析的正确性。最后根据机构中回转角的限制条件和结构尺寸关系,分析回转角和结构尺寸对可展开固体反射面机构收拢率的影响,确定2.2m可展开固体反射面机构的回转角和旋转角分别为78°和30°,中心圆盘半径、铰支座一孔纵向尺寸、切换连杆横向尺寸、纵向尺寸分别为245,8,40,18mm,收拢率为0.326,从而为可展开固体反射面机构的设计提供参考。     

浅析空调净化系统的日常维护

在查看国内外文献、读书和实践的基础上,对空调净化系统各个部分的清洁消毒和维护进行讨论,包括高、中、初效过滤器的清洁更换、管道的清洁、仪表的校验、阀门的检查以及整个系统的消毒灭菌等,着重阐述其清洁消毒和维护的重要性,期望能够得到企业的重视。     

Review on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens: Methodologies and applications

In recent years, microbial metabolomics, a new field that has attracted wide attention, provides a map of metabolic pathways and clarifies the interaction mechanism between microorganisms and hosts. Many microorganisms are found in the human intestine, oral cavity, vagina, etc. Probiotics could maintain the good health of the host, while pathogens and an imbalance of bacterial flora lead to a series of diseases of the body and mind. Metabolomics is a science for qualitative and quantitative analysis of all metabolites in an organism or biological system, which could provide key information to understand the related metabolic pathways and associated changes. This approach analyzes the final products of cellular regulatory processes, the level of which can be regarded as the ultimate response of the biological system to genetic or environmental changes. Microbial metabolomics has been widely used in different research fields, such as microbial phenotypic classification, mutant screening, metabolic pathways, microbial metabolic engineering, fermentation engineering monitoring and optimization, microbial environmental pollution, and so on. However, there are only a few reviews on microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens. This review summarizes the main methodologies, including sample preparation, identification of metabolites, data processing, and analysis. Recent applications in microbial metabolomics of probiotics and pathogens are also described. This paper first summarized the research progress and application of microbial metabolomics from two aspects: probiotics and pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics and pathogenic bacteria do not exist independently most of the time; hence, these were reviewed in the research field of coexistence of probiotics and pathogenic bacteria, which was subdivided into important microbial research fields closely related to human health, including the human gut, oral cavity, food, and nutrition-related microorganisms. Then, the main problems and trends associated with microbial metabolomics are discussed.     

生物轻质高强结构及其在吸能结构中的仿生应用

在长期进化过程中，自然界中的多种动物、植物形成了独特的轻质、高强结构，以此来抵抗外界的复杂冲击载荷，保护自身完整，满足生存需要。生物轻质高强结构的优越性，启发了科研和工程人员采用结构仿生学的方法来对管状和板状两大类吸能结构进行设计优化和改进。对竹子、茎秆/树干、羽轴、骨骼四类管状生物结构和甲虫鞘翅、贝壳、柚子皮、龟壳四类板状生物结构进行综述，阐述了分层、多孔、螺旋、中空等多种结构与轻质高强特性之间的关系。在此基础上，对比和分析了相应的结构元素在单胞管、多胞管、嵌套管、波纹管等管状吸能结构和蜂窝夹芯板、复合材料板、混合结构板等板状吸能机构中起到的作用。进一步对当前仿生吸能领域存在的结构复杂、质量大、缺乏普适性的机理和过渡“桥梁”等问题做出了分析；最后对仿生吸能技术的形式简单化、结构轻量化、理论通用化、“形神兼备”化发展趋势做出展望。     

基于FLUENT的液体动静压轴承的动态特性分析

应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT对超高速磨削用五腔动静压轴承进行动态特性研究,得到动静压轴承内部压力场和温度场分布;计算轴承的承载力、温度、刚度、阻尼等动态参数,分析这些动态参数与偏心率以及转速之间的关系。结果表明:在保持供油压力和轴承偏心率不变的情况下,随着转速的提高,油温上升,轴承承载力及偏位角不断增大;在保持供油压力和主轴转速不变的情况下,随着偏心率的增大,轴承流量有所减少,轴承的承载能力不断增大,偏位角基本保持不变。     

海洋环境下典型金属材料腐蚀与磨损研究进展

海洋环境下金属材料的腐蚀与磨损及其复杂的交互作用是影响海洋装备可靠性和工作效率的关键因素。在概述海洋环境下金属材料腐蚀和磨损的现象及问题的基础上,分析海洋环境下典型金属腐蚀与磨损的交互作用研究进展及发展趋势,并对不锈钢、钛合金与铝合金等主要海洋环境用金属材料在不同介质下的腐蚀与磨损问题进行探讨,重点阐述海洋环境下金属腐蚀与磨损中相互促进的正交互作用和相互抑制的负交互作用机制以及它们之间的相互影响、过渡和转换等方面的研究进展。在腐蚀与磨损正、负交互作用转变的过程中,从微观角度讲,奥氏体和马氏体相的多次转变是主要影响因素;而从宏观角度看,材料的摩擦因数、载荷、运动形式等动摩擦因素和Cl-浓度、pH值、频率及外加电位等电化学因素是两类主要影响因素。对比分析多种腐蚀与磨损交互作用的计算模型,阐述利用表面技术改善金属材料防腐耐磨性能的研究进展,提出金属材料腐蚀与磨损的负交互作用机制、微生物对腐蚀与磨损交互作用的影响机制、微动磨损与腐蚀的交互作用研究以及腐蚀与磨损交互作用量的准确量化是未来的研究重点。     

热喷涂宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层研究现状与展望

在航空、航天、冶金、电力、石化、矿采等领域,零件高温摩擦磨损特性是影响装备寿命的重要因素,在关重零部件表面设计制备宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层是装备零件强化改性和再制造修复的重要手段。首先阐述了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层设计中过渡层、基础相、增强相的材料选择依据;其次针对单一固体润滑剂适用温度范围窄的问题,梳理了从低温润滑剂发生氧化反应原位生成高温润滑剂,低温润滑剂与高温润滑剂长时协同作用,添加抑制剂减缓润滑相的损耗退化等三种宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层材料设计方法;而后总结了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层的制备工艺,分析了不同喷涂工艺的技术特点和涂层制备实例,介绍了宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层在军事装备和工业设备上的典型应用;最后在此基础上对宽温域耐磨自润滑涂层的未来发展方向进行了展望。