A Mixed Finite Element Method for Elasticity in Three Dimensions

We describe a stable mixed finite element method for linear elasticity in three dimensions.     

Matlab Implementation of the Finite Element Method in Elasticity

A short Matlab implementation for P ₁ and Q ₁ finite elements (FE) is provided for the numerical solution of 2d and 3d problems in linear elasticity with mixed boundary conditions. Any adaptation from the simple model examples provided to more complex problems can easily be performed with the given documentation. Numerical examples with postprocessing and error estimation via an averaged stress field illustrate the new Matlab tool and its flexibility. Received June 18, 2001; revised February 25, 2002 Published online: December 5, 2002     

一种快速的三维有限元网格生成方法

针对三维有限元网格的生成的速度较慢并且网格质量不高的问题,提出了一种基于约束波前法的三维有限元网格生成算法。算法的主要思想是用背景网格提高网格单元的可控性,避免网格单元生成时验证有效性的计算量,从而快速生成高质量的三维有限元网格。算法首先借助八叉树方法生成背景网格,其次利用背景网格的密度对模型表面进行三角剖分得到初始波前,然后依据背景网格的特征生成实体网格单元,最后对得到的结果进行优化。实验证明结合了八叉树和推进波前法的三维网格生成算法降低了波前法的时间复杂度,将其效率提高了20%,而且能得到更高质量的网格。     

A New Mixed Finite Element Method for Elastodynamics with Weak Symmetry

We provide a new mixed finite element analysis for linear elastodynamics with reduced symmetry. The problem is formulated as a second order system in time by imposing only the Cauchy stress tensor and the rotation as primary and secondary variables, respectively. We prove that the resulting variational formulation is well-posed and provide a convergence analysis for a class of \({\mathrm {H}}(\mathop {{\mathrm {div}}}\nolimits )\)-conforming semi-discrete schemes. In addition, we use the Newmark trapezoidal rule to obtain a fully discrete version of the problem and carry out the corresponding convergence analysis. Finally, numerical tests illustrating the performance of the fully discrete scheme are presented.     

A $$C^0$$ Linear Finite Element Method for Biharmonic Problems

In this paper, a \(C^0\) linear finite element method for biharmonic equations is constructed and analyzed. In our construction, the popular post-processing gradient recovery operators are used to calculate approximately the second order partial derivatives of a \(C^0\) linear finite element function which do not exist in traditional meaning. The proposed scheme is straightforward and simple. More importantly, it is shown that the numerical solution of the proposed method converges to the exact one with optimal orders both under \(L^2\) and discrete \(H^2\) norms, while the recovered numerical gradient converges to the exact one with a superconvergence order. Some novel properties of gradient recovery operators are discovered in the analysis of our method. In several numerical experiments, our theoretical findings are verified and a comparison of the proposed method with the nonconforming Morley element and \(C^0\) interior penalty method is given.     

面向异构架构的混合精度有限元算法及其CUDA实现

长期以来,单精度似乎与科学计算无缘,然而从体系结构看,混合精度计算可以充分发挥向量部件、GPGPU设备的单精度性能,提供更高的效能,如降低通讯带宽要求、提高数据传输和通讯效率等。混合精度显格式有限元算法,结合材料强非线性多尺度有限元程序msFEM,实现了GPGPU上的有效加速。实验结果表明:混合精度显格式有限元程序实现了90%以上的计算通过单精度完成,其计算结果与全部使用双精度的结果相一致。该算法可以使得在不支持双精度格式的加速卡上实现科学计算功能。在支持双精度浮点格式的GPU上,混合精度算法与全部采用双精度计算相比其加速效果提高了1.6～1.7倍。     

Two Mixed Finite Element Methods for Time-Fractional Diffusion Equations

Based on spatial conforming and nonconforming mixed finite element methods combined with classical L1 time stepping method, two fully-discrete approximate schemes with unconditional stability are first established for the time-fractional diffusion equation with Caputo derivative of order \(0<\alpha <1\). As to the conforming scheme, the spatial global superconvergence and temporal convergence order of \(O(h^2+\tau ^{2-\alpha })\) for both the original variable u in \(H^1\)-norm and the flux \(\vec {p}=\nabla u\) in \(L^2\)-norm are derived by virtue of properties of bilinear element and interpolation postprocessing operator, where h and \(\tau \) are the step sizes in space and time, respectively. At the same time, the optimal convergence rates in time and space for the nonconforming scheme are also investigated by some special characters of \(\textit{EQ}_1^{\textit{rot}}\) nonconforming element, which manifests that convergence orders of \(O(h+\tau ^{2-\alpha })\) and \(O(h^2+\tau ^{2-\alpha })\) for the original variable u in broken \(H^1\)-norm and \(L^2\)-norm, respectively, and approximation for the flux \(\vec {p}\) converging with order \(O(h+\tau ^{2-\alpha })\) in \(L^2\)-norm. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the theoretical analysis.     

基于线性投影的代数空间降维分析

主成分分析和奇异值分解都可以用于代数空间降维的线性投影分析,该文详细分析了这两种代数方法并给出了用于代数空间降维分析时二者之间的联系,并得到了在正定的实对称矩阵条件下主成分分析和奇异值分解是等价的这一结论。     

Overlapping Schwarz and Spectral Element Methods for Linear Elasticity and Elastic Waves

The classical overlapping Schwarz algorithm is here extended to the spectral element discretization of linear elastic problems, for both homogeneous and heterogeneous compressible materials. The algorithm solves iteratively the resulting preconditioned system of linear equations by the conjugate gradient or GMRES methods. The overlapping Schwarz preconditioned technique is then applied to the numerical approximation of elastic waves with spectral elements methods in space and implicit Newmark time advancing schemes. The results of several numerical experiments, for both elastostatic and elastodynamic problems, show that the convergence rate of the proposed preconditioning algorithm is independent of the number of spectral elements (scalability), is independent of the spectral degree in case of generous overlap, otherwise it depends inversely on the overlap size. Some results on the convergence properties of the spectral element approximation combined with Newmark schemes for elastic waves are also presented.     

Mixed Dimensional Coupling in Finite Element Stress Analysis

Many analysis models utilize finite elements of reduced dimension. However, to capture stress concentrations at local details, it would be desirable to combine the reduced dimensional element types with higher dimensional elements in a single finite element model. It is therefore important in such cases to integrate into the analyses some scheme for coupling the element types that conforms to the governing equations of the problem. In this paper, a novel method that can correctly couple beams to solids, beams to shells and shells to solids for elastic problems is presented. The approach adopted is to equate the work done on either side of the interface between dimensions, and this leads to multi-point constraint equations, thus providing a relationship among nodal degrees of freedom between the differing element types. Example results show that the proposed technique does not introduce any spurious stresses at the dimensional interfaces. ID="A1" Correspondence and offprint requests to: C. G. Armstrong, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Ashby Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AH, Northern Ireland. E-mail: c.armstrong@qub.ac.uk     

A Mixed Finite Element Scheme for Optimal Control Problems with Pointwise State Constraints

In this paper, we propose a mixed variational scheme for optimal control problems with point-wise state constraints, the main idea is to reformulate the optimal control problems to a constrained minimization problem involving only the state, which is characterized by a fourth order variational inequality. Then mixed form based on this fourth order variational inequality is formulated and a direct numerical algorithm is proposed without the optimality conditions of underlying optimal control problems. The a priori and a posteriori error estimates are proved for the mixed finite element scheme. Numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the new strategy.     

Non-Nested Multi-Level Solvers for Finite Element Discretisations of Mixed Problems

We consider a general framework for analysing the convergence of multi-grid solvers applied to finite element discretisations of mixed problems, both of conforming and nonconforming type. As a basic new feature, our approach allows to use different finite element discretisations on each level of the multi-grid hierarchy. Thus, in our multi-level approach, accurate higher order finite element discretisations can be combined with fast multi-level solvers based on lower order (nonconforming) finite element discretisations. This leads to the design of efficient multi-level solvers for higher order finite element discretisations. Received May 17, 2001; revised February 2, 2002 Published online April 25, 2002     

Mixed Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Biharmonic Equation

In this paper, we first split the biharmonic equation Δ² u=f with nonhomogeneous essential boundary conditions into a system of two second order equations by introducing an auxiliary variable v=Δu and then apply an hp-mixed discontinuous Galerkin method to the resulting system. The unknown approximation v _h of v can easily be eliminated to reduce the discrete problem to a Schur complement system in u _h , which is an approximation of u. A direct approximation v _h of v can be obtained from the approximation u _h of u. Using piecewise polynomials of degree p≥3, a priori error estimates of u−u _h in the broken H ¹ norm as well as in L ² norm which are optimal in h and suboptimal in p are derived. Moreover, a priori error bound for v−v _h in L ² norm which is suboptimal in h and p is also discussed. When p=2, the preset method also converges, but with suboptimal convergence rate. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical results. Supported by DST-DAAD (PPP-05) project.     

A Mixed Finite Element Method for the Biharmonic Problem Using Biorthogonal or Quasi-Biorthogonal Systems

We consider a finite element method based on biorthogonal or quasi-biorthogonal systems for the biharmonic problem. The method is based on the primal mixed finite element method due to Ciarlet and Raviart for the biharmonic equation. Using different finite element spaces for the stream function and vorticity, this approach leads to a formulation only based on the stream function. We prove optimal a priori estimates for both stream function and vorticity, and present numerical results to demonstrate the efficiency of the approach.