稀土LaF3增强型梯度结构多孔钛及其力学性能

采用粉末冶金法制备外层高孔隙率/内层低孔隙率的梯度结构多孔钛,以解决单层多孔钛孔隙率高强度低的问题。梯度双层多孔钛内层孔隙率约为30%,外层孔隙率可达65%以上,孔径范围在100~255μm之间,内/外层孔径和孔隙率呈梯度分布,其抗压强度和弹性模量分别为117.50~143.55MPa和1.95~3.08GPa。在梯度多孔钛外层添加稀土氟化镧进一步提高了其力学性能。当添加量为0.05%(质量分数)时,其抗压强度和弹性模量最高,可达到213.76MPa和3.38GPa。     

稀土CeO2增强型多孔钛的制备与性能

孔隙率对多孔钛的成骨性能影响较大,高的孔隙率更有利于骨组织的长入。但随着孔隙率的升高,其力学性能必然会急剧下降。因此,如何在保证多孔钛高孔隙率的前提下提高其力学性能,成为当前势必解决的难题。本研究采用浆料发泡法,通过在钛粉中加入不同含量的氧化铈,制备出高孔隙率的多孔钛。结果表明,多孔钛孔隙呈三维网络状,孔隙率为71.6%～73.5%,孔径主要分布在100～700μm,且孔壁上分布着微米级的微孔。当氧化铈的加入量为0.2%(质量分数,下同)时,多孔钛表现出最优的生物力学相容性,其杨氏模量为2.08GPa,抗压强度为60.19MPa。     

基于杨氏模量可控多孔钛微观组织和力学性能的研究

人体植入物的杨氏模量在减少因植入物杨氏模量远大于骨组织而带来的应力屏蔽,提高植入物器件在人体的服役寿命具有十分重要的作用。本文采用一种新型的钛网层叠烧结法制备多孔钛,研究多孔钛的微观孔形貌,压缩变形特点和具有可控性的多孔钛孔隙率、孔径大小和孔分布对多孔钛微观组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：这种方法制备的多孔钛在微观结构上具有不同方向有不同的微观孔形貌,因而使多孔钛具有异性;轴向压缩应力应变曲线表明多孔钛具有平稳、光滑的弹性和塑性变形行为;当增加孔隙率,或相同孔隙率下,减小孔名义尺寸,改变孔分布由规则到错排时,均能降低多孔钛的弹性模量。因此,通过调控多孔钛的这些结构参数,可使其具有与不同骨组织相匹配的力学性能和利于骨组织长入的孔径尺寸。这种与骨组织适配的力学性能和孔结构,在提高植入物器件的服役寿命具有很大的潜力。     

基于杨氏模量可控多孔钛微观组织和力学性能研究（英文）

因为人体植入物的杨氏模量远大于骨组织将会带来应力屏蔽,所以降低人体植入物的杨氏模量对于提高植入物器件在人体的服役寿命具有十分重要的作用。采用一种新型的钛网层叠烧结法制备多孔钛,研究多孔钛的微观孔形貌,压缩变形特点和具有可控性的多孔钛孔隙率、孔径大小和孔分布对多孔钛微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:钛网层叠烧结法制备的多孔钛在微观结构上,不同方向具有不同的微观孔形貌,因而使多孔钛具有异性;轴向压缩应力应变曲线表明多孔钛具有平稳、光滑的弹性和塑性变形行为;当增加孔隙率,或相同孔隙率下,减小孔名义尺寸,改变孔分布由规则到错排时,均能降低多孔钛的弹性模量。因此,通过调控多孔钛的这些结构参数,可使其具有与不同骨组织相匹配的力学性能和利于骨组织长入的孔径尺寸。作为植入物材料的多孔钛具有的这种与骨组织适配的孔结构和力学性能,在延长植入物器件的服役寿命上具有很大的潜力。     

生物医用多孔钛的力学性能及孔结构变形行为（英文）

多孔钛材料因其优良的综合性能被视为最有潜力的生物医用材料之一。考虑到生物材料在使用过程中必然受到力的作用,重点研究了多孔钛的力学性能及其孔结构变形行为。采用添加造孔剂的粉末烧结方法制备孔隙率为36%~66%、平均孔径为230μm的多孔钛。采用扫描电镜观察孔结构形貌,通过室温压缩测试检测力学性能。多孔钛的弹性模量和抗压强度分别为1.86~14.7 GPa和85.16~461.94 MPa,具力学性能与人骨的力学性能相近。建立了多孔钛的相对屈服强度和相对密度间关系,结果表明相对密度是影响多孔钛力学性能和变形的主要因素。对于低相对密度的多孔钛而言,其变形方式为孔壁的屈服、弯曲和屈曲;而对于高相对密度的多孔钛,其变形方式主要为孔壁的屈服和弯曲。     

基于TPMS结构的多孔钛制备与表征

多孔钛因具有与人体骨组织相近的弹性模量和允许骨长入的孔隙结构而备受关注。其孔隙结构特征不仅影响骨长入效果,而且决定了多孔钛的力学性能。通过三周期极小曲面(triply periodic minimal surfaces,TPMS)隐函数参数的精确调控可以构建出理想的孔隙结构模型。本实验针对TPMS模型中常用的G单元模型,研究了G单元模型隐函数参数对孔隙率、孔径、杆径等孔隙结构特征的影响规律,设计出了孔隙率约为77%,孔径分别为300(G300)、500(G500)微米的均质孔隙结构;模仿自然长骨径向梯度结构模型,构建了相应的G单元仿生梯度孔隙结构。采用选区激光熔化(SLM)增材制造技术制备了相应的多孔钛样件,利用数字显微镜和扫描电镜观测多孔钛的孔隙结构特征,发现SLM多孔钛实测孔隙率低于设计孔隙率,实测孔径小于设计值,实测杆径大于设计值。力学性能检测结果显示,G300和G500多孔钛弹性模量分别为2.04和3.12GPa,其最大抗压强度分别为63.5和103.5MPa,梯度孔隙结构多孔钛弹性模量和最大抗压强度分别为6.3 GPa和186.9 MPa。研究结果表明,G单元梯度孔隙结构多孔钛是一种理想的承重部位骨缺损修复体。     

浸渍法制备多孔镍钛生物材料及性能

选用等原子比NiTi预合金粉末作为原料,以聚氨酯泡沫为模板,采用浸渍法制备了一种具有高孔隙率、孔径可控、孔隙三维连通且生物力学相容性优良的多孔镍钛合金材料。通过X射线衍射仪、体视显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及力学试验机,研究分析了两种不同型号有机模板(R2D25和DP91308)制备的多孔镍钛合金的物相组成、微观结构和力学性能。结果表明:有机模板浸渍法可以制备出高孔隙率且具有三维连通孔隙结构的多孔镍钛合金。两种模板对应的孔隙率分别为71.8%和63.8%,孔径分布在250~500μm和150~400μm之间,抗压强度分别为16.37和73.52MPa,弹性模量为0.51和2.45GPa,与人体骨组织的结构与性能相匹配。     

多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的制备和吸能特性分析

本文采用粉末烧结-溶解法成功制备了孔隙率为63%~78%,孔径1.3~2.2mm的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金,借助SEM和XRD对试样的孔形貌和物相组成进行分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩实验研究。结果表明：多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的弹性模量和屈服平台应力均随孔隙率、孔径的增大而减小;相对孔隙率而言,孔径对力学性能的影响程度较低;不同孔隙率的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金其致密应变下单位体积的能量吸收值为34.8~14.3MJ/m₃^,约为泡沫铝的3.8倍,且5种孔隙率的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.8,说明该多孔CoCrNi中熵合金有潜力成为一种理想的吸能材料。     

粉末冶金法制备多孔Ti-HA生物复合材料的研究

以碳酸氢铵粉末为造孔剂,羟基磷灰石(HA)和Ti-6Al-4V粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金法制备多孔Ti-HA生物复合材料,并测定了其微观结构和力学性能。通过分析碳酸氢铵含量和成型压力对材料力学性能和孔隙率的影响,得到材料的抗压强度和孔隙率随成型压力的增加而分别增加和减少,随碳酸氢铵含量的增加则分别减少和增加。当碳酸氢铵含量为20wt%和30wt%时,材料的孔隙率分布在30%～50%,抗压强度高于20 MPa,孔径分布在100～500μm。     

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂制备的多孔钛及其力学性能

以NH_4HCO_3为造孔剂,采用粉末冶金法在10-3 Pa的真空度下成功烧结出力学性能与骨匹配的多孔钛。利用扫描电镜观察孔的结构,采用X射线衍射仪分析物相组成,利用阿基米德浮水法测定开孔隙率,利用万能材料试验机测量力学性能。结果表明,多孔钛烧结体的主要相为α-Ti,随着造孔剂添加量的改变,并没有出现新相;多孔钛烧结体的开孔隙率范围在6.9%~65.7%之间,且开孔隙率越大平均孔径也越大;抗压强度随开孔隙率的增大而降低,在50~1 558 MPa之间;当造孔剂含量在30%~50%时,所得制品弹性模量在4.1~9.4GPa,理论上很接近人骨的弹性模量(2.3~20GPa)。     

颗粒尺寸对微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的显微结构及力学性能的影响

以不同颗粒尺寸的Ni/Ti粉末为原料,采用微波烧结技术制备了多孔NiTi合金,并系统考察了颗粒尺寸对多孔NiTi合金的显微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着颗粒尺寸的减小,多孔NiTi合金中的Ti2Ni和Ni3Ti第二相减少而单质Ni相消失。同时,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙形貌由带尖角的不规则形状向近球形转变。此外,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率和孔径随着颗粒尺寸的增大而增大,而洛氏硬度、抗压强度和抗弯强度均下降。因此,减小颗粒尺寸有利于获得理想的显微结构(纯净的物相和均匀的孔隙结构)和提高微波烧结多孔NiTi合金的力学性能。     

Effects of porosity on tensile mechanical properties of porous FeAl intermetallics

Uniaxial tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments were carried out on the porous FeAl intermetallics (porosities of 41.1%, 44.2% and 49.3%, pore size of 15–30 μm) prepared by our research group to study the macroscopic mechanical properties and microscopic failure mechanism. The results show that the tensile σ–ɛ curves of the porous FeAl with different porosities can be divided into four stages: elasticity, yielding, strengthening and failure, without necking phenomenon. The elastic modulus, ultimate strength and elongation decrease with the increase of porosity and the elongation is much lower than 5%. A macroscopic brittle fracture appears, and the microscopic fracture mechanism is mainly intergranular fracture, depending on the Al content in the dense FeAl intermetallics. In addition, the stochastic porous model (SPM) with random pore structure size and distribution is established by designing a self-compiling generation program in FORTRAN language. Combined with the secondary development platform of finite element software ANSYS, the effective elastic moduli of the porous FeAl can be determined by elastic analysis of SPM and they are close to the experimental values, which can verify the validity of the established SPM for analyzing the elastic properties of the porous material.     

Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Porous Magnesium Processed Through Powder Metallurgy

Porous magnesium (Mg) samples with various overall porosities (28.4 ± 1.8%, 35.5 ± 2.5%, 45.4 ± 1.9%, and 62.4 ± 2.2%) were processed through powder metallurgy and characterized to study their mechanical properties. Different porosities were obtained by utilizing different mass fractions of space holder camphene. Camphene was removed by sublimation before sintering and contributed to processing porous Mg with high purity and small average pore size. The average pore size increased from 5.2 µm to 15.1 µm with increase of the porosity from 28.4 ± 1.8% to 62.4 ± 2.2%. Compressive strain–stress data showed that the strain hardening rate, yield strength, and ultimate compressive strength decreased with increase of the porosity. The theoretical yield strength of porous Mg obtained using the Gibson–Ashby model agreed with experimental data.     

凝胶注模工艺制备医用多孔Ti-Co合金的性能

采用凝胶注模工艺制备含8%和12%Co(质量分数,下同)的多孔Ti-Co合金,研究获得均匀悬浮稳定浆料的分散剂加入量。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、压缩和三点弯曲试验分别对多孔Ti-Co合金的显微结构和力学性能进行了测试和分析。结果表明,加入1%分散剂可获得分散效果最佳的悬浮浆料,所制备多孔Ti-Co合金的孔隙率在50%左右,孔隙呈三维通孔结构。与多孔纯钛相比,添加Co元素明显提高了多孔Ti的力学性能,其中压缩强度在68～378MPa之间,抗弯曲强度在53.68～169.17MPa之间,弹性模量在7～21GPa之间。固相体积分数为33%,在1100℃下烧结的多孔Ti-8%Co合金由于与成人骨的力学相容性最好,适合作为医用植入材料。     

镁造孔多孔NiTi合金的微波烧结制备与表征

为了获得轻质、高强和高阻尼的多孔NiTi合金,采用微波烧结协同镁造孔技术制备多孔NiTi合金.考察多孔NiTi合金的显微组织、力学性能、相变行为、超弹性和阻尼性能.结果表明:当烧结温度低于或等于900℃时,多孔NiTi合金主要由B2 NiTi相和少量B19'NiTi相组成.随着烧结温度的升高,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率逐...     

Fabrication of Entangled Tough Titanium Wires Materials and Influence on Three-Dimensional Structure and Properties

Pure titanium (Ti) TA1 fibers/wires with 0.08 and 0.15 mm diameters were processed by a novel method that combined press forming, vacuum sintering (≥10^?2 Pa), and heat treatment to fabricate entangled Ti wire materials (ETWMs). The ETWMs exhibited a total porosity ranging from 44.2 ± 0.1 to 81.2 ± 0.1% and an open porosity ranging from 43.5 ± 0.1 to 80.9 ± 0.1%. The processing parameters of fiber diameter, formation pressure, sintering temperature, and sintering time were applied to examine porous ETWM morphology, porosity, pore size, and mechanical properties. The importance of primary factors controlling porous structure and porosity in ETWMs were found to be fiber/wire diameter > formation pressure > sintering temperature > sintering time. Furthermore, Ti fiber diameter was shown to directly impact pore size. High formation pressure resulted in a fine, uniform porous structure with low porosity. Sintering at high temperature for long-time periods promoted sintering point formation, resulting in neck coarsening. This effect contributed to the characteristic mechanical properties observed in these ETWMs. If the sintering effect is considered in isolation, ETWMs fabricated with 0.08 mm diameter Ti fibers/wires and sintered at 1300 °C for 90 min achieved smaller, more uniform porous structures that further exhibited improved connections among fibers/wires and excellent mechanical properties.     

采用TiH2粉末和造孔剂NH4HCO3烧结多孔钛（英文）

采用 TiH2和造孔剂 NH4HCO3混合粉末,利用粉末烧结法制备了多孔钛。研究表明,NH4HCO3的添加对于烧结的多孔钛的相组成几乎没有影响。多孔钛的孔隙度、平均孔隙尺寸、压缩强度和压缩弹性模量随 NH4HCO3添加量的增加而急剧下降。多孔钛可用添加不同量的造孔剂来调整孔隙结构和力学性能。独特的孔隙结构和适宜的力学性能满足多孔植入材料的基本要求。表明烧结的多孔钛是有前景的多孔植入候选材料。     

Highly Porous NiTi with Isotropic Pore Morphology Fabricated by Self-Propagated High-Temperature Synthesis

Highly porous NiTi with isotropic pore morphology has been successfully produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis of elemental Ni/Ti metallic powders. The effects of adding urea and NaCl as temporary pore fillers were investigated on pore morphology, microstructure, chemical composition, and the phase transformation temperatures of specimens. These parameters were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Highly porous specimens were obtained with up to 83% total porosity and pore sizes between 300 and 500 μm in diameter. Results show pore characteristics were improved from anisotropic to isotropic and pore morphology was changed from channel-like to irregular by adding pore filler powders. Furthermore, the highly porous specimens produced when using urea as a space holder, were of more uniform composition in comparison to NaCl. DSC results showed that a two-step martensitic phase transformation takes place during the cooling cycles and the austenite finish temperature (A _f) is close to human body temperature. Compression test results reveal that the compressive strength of highly porous NiTi is about 155 MPa and recoverable strain about 6% in superelasticity regime.     

Preparation and Pore Structure Stability at High Temperature of Porous Fe-Al Intermetallics

Porous Fe-Al intermetallics with different nominal compositions (from Fe-8 wt.% Al to Fe-50 wt.% Al) were fabricated by Fe and Al elemental powders through reaction synthesis. The effects of the Al content on the pore structure properties, and the comparison of pore structure stabilities at high-temperatures among the porous Fe-Al intermetallics and porous Ti, Ni, 316L stainless steel samples, were systematically studied. Results showed that the open porosity, maximum pore size, and permeability vary with the Al content. Porous Fe-(25-30 wt.%) Al intermetallics show good shape controllability and excellent pore structure stability at 1073 K in air, which suggests that these porous Fe-Al intermetallics could be used for filtration at high temperatures.