酶联免疫法测定食品和饲料中的黄曲霉毒素

本实验应用酶联免疫方法对食品和饲料中的黄曲霉毒素进行测定，奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1的多次重复测定的结果的变异系数小于12％，回收率接近90％。说明本试剂盒测定结果比较精确，重现性较好。食品辅料及饲料中的黄曲霉毒素B1的测定结果的变异系数小于15％。说明实验结果的重现性较好。     

酶联免疫法测定苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1

用酶联免疫法（ELISA）测定不同苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1,对如何防控苦荞制品中的黄曲霉毒素B1进行探讨。在分析的4类产品中,苦荞营养粉的黄曲霉毒素B1含量最低,其次是苦荞速溶片和苦荞醋,苦荞米茶中最高。方法的检测灵敏度为0.1 μg/kg,平均回收率在84.70~84.95%,相对标准偏差小于5%。结果表明,酶联免疫法测定准确,稳定性和重现性好,可广泛应用于苦荞及其制品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测。     

酶联免疫法测定干红辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1

本实验采用酶联免疫法对干辣椒中的黄曲霉毒素B1 进行检测,并对黄曲霉毒素的防控措施进行讨论。结果显示,检测灵敏度为0.1μg/kg,相对标准偏差小于3%,平均回收率达97%,说明本法稳定性好,测定准确,重现性好,能有效的应用于干辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B1 的检测。     

酶联免疫法测定绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1实验

依据GB/T17480-2008《饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1的测定酶联免疫吸附法》测定绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1含量,绿豆沙由颗粒状变为半固体豆沙状,实验验证该方法对绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1检测的适用性,并对方法的检出限、准确性进行验证,确定酶联免疫法适用于绿豆沙中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测,规范检测细节及注意事项。     

酶联免疫法测定不同食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1

用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1,并对如何防控食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1进行探讨。在所分析菜籽油、大豆油、花生油、核桃油4种油中,以菜籽油黄曲霉毒素B1含量最低,其次是大豆油和核桃油,花生油含量最高。方法检测灵敏度为0.1μg/kg,平均回收率为91.4%～93.5%,相对标准偏差小于5%;结果表明,酶联免疫法测定准确,稳定性和重现性好,可广泛用于食用植物油黄曲霉毒素B1检测。     

酶联免疫法检测酱油中的黄曲霉毒素B1

目的建立酶联免疫法检测酱油中黄曲霉毒素B_1(Aflatoxin B_1,AFB_1)的分析方法。方法酱油样本经纯乙腈(料液比=1:2,V:V)提取,再做1:9稀释,通过酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定样本中AFB_1。结果当加标浓度为2μg/kg和5μg/kg时,纯乙腈对酱油中AFB_1的提取回收率结果分别为121.3%和106.5%;方法检出限为1μg/kg。与国标方法检测结果的相对标准偏差小于10%。结论本方法准确、灵敏度高,可适用于酱油中AFB_1的检测。     

酶联免疫法测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中黄曲霉毒素M1的方法研究

采用酶联免疫法建立婴幼儿配方奶粉中黄曲霉毒素M1的测定方法。样品经冷冻离心、脱脂棉去脂等简便的前处理操作,采用黄曲霉毒素M1的酶联免疫试剂盒进行分析。结果显示,黄曲霉毒素M1在0～0.08 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.05 μg/kg,回收率为90.0%～105.0%,精密度相对标准偏差（RSD）为8.1%。该方法快速、简便、特异、可靠,适于现代批量检测的需求,为保证乳制品的质量安全提供了一可靠的筛选方式,将更好地配合液相色谱-质谱法作定性和定量分析。     

浅谈用酶联免疫测试盒法对食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检验

黄曲霉毒素是一种强致癌性极毒物质,是黄曲霉和寄生曲霉中产毒菌株的代谢产物,普遍存在于霉变的粮食制品中。黄曲霉毒素十分耐热,在烹调过程中不易被破坏,对人体及动物内脏器官尤其是肝脏有严重损害作用。在所有真菌毒素中,黄曲霉毒素B1的毒性、致癌性、污染频率均居首位,它在WTO确定的重点研究毒物中被列为首位。黄曲霉毒素B1简称AFB1。AFB1的原始检验方法为薄层色谱(TLC)法,此法必须直接使用标准毒素,经过多次薄层点样、展开,进行定性和定量分析,有不慎接触或吸入毒素引发急慢性AFB1中毒的危险,许多检验人员对AFB1的检测存在心理…     

食品中黄曲霉毒素M1的间接竞争酶联免疫法的建立

该文建立一种间接竞争酶联免疫法（indirect competitive enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay,ic?ELISA）快速测定食品中黄曲霉毒素M1（aflatoxin M1,AFM1）的分析方法。AFM1标准品用甲醇稀释,AFM1标准品与AFM1全抗原竞争结合AFM1单克隆抗体,利用3,3′,5,5′?四甲基联苯胺（3,3′,5,5′?tetramethylbenzidine,TMB）单组分显色液显色后,酶标仪测定吸光度。在优化好的条件下,浓度范围为9.743～2.605×103 pg/mL 时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数（determi?nation coefficient,R2）为0.992 7,检出限IC10为3.84 pg/mL,加标回收率为88.43%～105.75%。该方法适用性好、操作简单、灵敏度高,满足食品中AFM1分析检测的需求。     

酶联免疫吸附法测定植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1

目的对酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)快速检测植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1进行方法验证,考查植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染情况。方法对酶联免疫吸附法检测植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1进行了准确性与回收率、重复性、复现性等方法学实验。用验证后的试剂盒检测156份植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量。结果酶联免疫吸附法的回收率在102.8%~113.8%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~6.1%,重复性相对标准偏差为4.3%,复现性相对标准偏差为7.1%和7.6%。156份植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1检出率为60.90%,其中山茶油的检出率为78.38%,高于平均水平。结论试剂盒检测植物油稳定性较好,定量准确。156份植物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量均符合国家标准,花生油中黄曲霉毒素B_1检出浓度最高,其次是玉米油。茶油的加工生产过程可能存在污染黄曲霉毒素B_1的情况,应注意加工过程中黄曲霉毒素B_1的污染。     

自上而下法评定固相酶联免疫吸附法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素B1的不确定度

目的利用自上而下方法评定固相酶联免疫吸附法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量的不确定度。方法在控制不确定度来源或程序的前提下,得出试验数据、质控数据进行评定,通过计算偏移和实验室内复现性2个分量,最后合成得到该方法的测量不确定度。结果按照自上而下法的公式计算,本研究测得食物油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量为(46.25±6.28)μg/m L,扩展不确定度U_(rel)为14%(k=2)。结论使用自上而下法对固相酶联免疫吸附法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素B_1含量进评定过程是实用和可靠的,可以为其他同类型的检测方法进行测量不确定度评定时所借鉴,也为实验员在实验质量控制方面提供参考。     

Comparison of nixtamalization and extrusion processes for a reduction in aflatoxin content

Traditional nixtamalization and an extrusion method for making the dough ( masa ) for corn tortillas that requires using lime and hydrogen peroxide were evaluated for the detoxification of aflatoxins. The traditional nixtamalization process reduced levels of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) by 94%, aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) by 90% and aflatoxin B 1 -8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB 1 -dihydrodiol) by 93%. The extrusion process reduced levels of AFB 1 by 46%, AFM 1 by 20% and AFB 1 -dihydrodiol by 53%. Extrusion treatments with 0, 0.3 and 0.5% lime reduced AFB 1 levels by 46, 74 and 85%, respectively. The inactivation of AFB 1 , AFM 1 and AFB 1 -dihydrodiol in the extrusion process using lime together with hydrogen peroxide showed higher elimination of AFB 1 than treatments with lime or hydrogen peroxide alone. The extrusion process with 0.3% lime and 1.5% hydrogen peroxide was the most effective process to detoxify aflatoxins in corn tortillas, but a high level of those reagents negatively affected the taste and aroma of the corn tortilla as compared with tortillas elaborated by the traditional nixtamalization process.     

几种传统食品中黄曲霉毒素B1的检测与安全评价

采用酶联免疫法检测月饼、花生油、花生糖和豌豆酱等传统食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（简称AFT B1）含量，分析AFT B1超标的原因及其安全性，结果表明：大部分传统食品中AFT B1在安全限量之内，少数几类产品存在安全隐患。     

ELISA and HPLC determination of the occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in raw cow's milk

Raw cow's milk collected from dairy farms in the province of Leon, Spain, was examined for aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ). The samples were analysed with a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentrations of AFM 1 in the milk extracts were initially estimated by ELISA, with recovery rates of 74.6-109% for artificially contaminated milk at levels of 10-80 ng l 1 . Samples found to contain more than 10 ng l 1 were further quantified with HPLC. The mean recovery for this method was 89.3%. The quantification limit was 10 ng l 1 for both ELISA and HPLC. Although AFM 1 was confirmed in only 3.3% of the samples, the concentrations in all these cases were lower than the maximum limit applicable to these products pursuant to European Union legislation. Both methods were validated with reference material certified by the Community Bureau of Reference.     

黄曲霉毒素的分析方法

为了解黄曲霉毒素的检测方法，从采样与样品准备、提取净化、测定方法等方面对黄曲霉毒素的分析方法进行了综述。     

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC

The occurrence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁)in pasteurized milk and dairy products was investigated by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recoveries of AFM₁ from the samples spiked at levels between 5 and 500 pg/ml were 88.0-106.5% for pasteurized milk and 84.0-94.0% for yoghurt by ELISA. By HPLC, the recoveries were 103-120% for pasteurized milk and 87.0-93.0% for yoghurt. The limits of detection were found to be 2 pg/ml by ELISA and 10 pg/ml by HPLC. Among a total of 180 samples collected in Seoul, Korea, the incidence of AFM₁ in pasteurized milk, infant formula, powdered milk and yoghurt was 76, 85, 75, and 83% , respectively, with a mean concentration of 18, 46, 200, and 29 pg/g, respectively, when determined by ELISA. These results obtained by ELISA were closely related to those by HPLC for AFM₁ (r² = 0.9783).     

Determination of aflatoxins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with special reference to aflatoxin M1 in raw milk

There is an increasing requirement for the screening of animal feedstuffs, plant products and edible animal tissues for human consumption, for the presence of contamination by aflatoxins. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described which may be used to determine aflatoxins in raw milk at 0.1μg litre^?1 and in extracted feedstuffs at the level of 5μgkg^?1. The method includes a novel conjugation procedure allowing heterologous conjugates to be prepared resulting in increased sensitivity without interference by sample matrix effects. Suitably cross-reactive antisera were produced using the cyclopentanone ring of the aflatoxin molecule as the principal immunogenic determinant.     

Survey of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy products consumed in Burdur,Turkey

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M₁ (AFM₁) in dairy product samples in Burdur city. A total of 315 samples of dairy products were collected during 2008. Of the 315 samples analysed, AFM₁ in 246 samples (78.1%) was found to range from 5.5 to 800 ng/kg. In addition, AFM₁ levels of 16 raw milk, two pasteurised milk, only one milk powder and three white cheese samples were above the Turkish Food Codex. It is concluded that the occurrence of AFM₁ in dairy products may be considered as a possible hazard for public health.