建筑学新生专业适应性的研究

针对建筑学新生在专业适应期表现出时间长、困惑多的现象,做了一些研究与探索,认为重点加强形象思维能力的培养和建筑美学知识的讲授,可以有效地改善学生的专业不适感,从而增加对建筑学专业的认可度和学习热情。     

高校建筑专业研究生新生心理健康现状——基于T大学的调查

采用《中国大学生心理健康量表》考察了T大学2016级建筑专业研究生新生的心理健康状况。结果发现:(1)建筑专业研究生新生总体心理健康状况良好,91.2%的人暂时无心理问题;但仍有4.7%的新生可能存在较严重的心理问题,需重点关注和进一步诊断。(2)在建筑专业研究生新生中,强迫型人格倾向问题相对较多,性心理障碍问题相对较少。(3)在建筑专业研究生新生中,男生在性心理障碍和精神病倾向方面的问题比女生多,非独生子女在性心理障碍方面的问题比独生子女多;建筑专业研究生新生在冲动型人格倾向方面的问题比人文社科专业新生多。     

大学新生挫折心理引导的实效性探悉

结合高校思想政治工作的切身经历 ,针对大学新生挫折心理的形成及原因 ,分析大学新生挫折心理引导的教育途径和引导措施 ,从而更好地探悉出大学新生挫折心理引导的实效性 ,使得大学新生挫折心理及早解脱 ,尽早成才     

加强欠发达地区高校新生素质教育的思考

欠发达地区的高中生升学压力大于其他地区,高中阶段疏忽素质教育和培养,所以进入大学后往往不能适应学习和生活,甚至表现异常。针对近年出现的此情况,文章分析了对来自欠发达地区的高校新生应加强素质教育的必要性,并提出了相应的具体对策。     

土木工程专业程序设计及算法语言教学改革调查与剖析

针对目前高校土木工程专业程序设计及算法语言教学中存在的通病,通过对东南大学土木工程专业一年级本科生的问卷调查,结合教学过程中的体会与经验,提出了适用于程序设计及算法语言的教学改革措施,且在教学实践中加以应用,效果良好。     

新生家长对高校学生工作期望的调查分析及相关建议探讨

本研究采用自编调查问卷对150名大学入学新生家长进行高校学生工作期望的调查,调查发现：家长对高校教育的期望呈现出多样化,较赞同学校在课余为学生安排一些积极向上的活动,希望教师关心学生,反感教师的消极态度,希望就学生在校情况与辅导员教师保持交流沟通。为此,文章还针对调查发现的问题提出了增强高校学生工作的建议。     

大学新生教育优化路径探讨

大学新生教育对于实现从中学到大学的成功转折,又好又快地进入大学的学习和生活,具有重要的意义。基于杭州下沙高教园区大学新生需求问题的调查,在总结大学新生需求的现状和特点的基础上,从强化职业生涯教育、完善学习引导教育、拓展生活指导教育、健全心理健康教育等方面探讨了大学新生教育的优化路径。     

Human capital spillovers in Dutch cities: consumption or productivity?

We study the recursive relationship between the ability of Dutch cities to attract recent graduate human capital to their labour—or housing markets and a city’s skills structure, using a comprehensive dataset and a novel operationalisation strategy. We disentangle production and consumption spillovers by separating out human capital employed in a city’s labour market and human capital present in a city’s resident population, respectively. We do so for both the recent graduates flowing into Dutch cities to find work and a residential location, as well as for the incumbent workers and population. We control for the effects of a city’s skills endowments, its (non-) economic characteristics and those of other relevant cities. We find positive effects of a relatively strong graduate labour market inflow on the share of higher and scientific-level jobs. Production spillovers therefore predominantly occur among the higher skilled. Contrary to the higher educated incumbent population, which appears to prefer high skilled services, recent graduate inflows to residential areas have positive effects on the share of jobs requiring lower and medium skills. Consumption spillovers from graduate residential inflows thus occur between higher and lower skilled.     

建筑设计基础课程群交叉学科融贯教学研究

建筑设计基础课程群交叉学科的融贯教学以建构主义课程观为指导,建立了动态、开放的课程群体系,弱化了课程群之间的学科界限,创造了集体备课的新方式,为一年级学生能够自主建构知识体系搭建了平台.教学中通过课程群的线性授课组织、课程专题训练的融贯和不同课程/专业的教师共同授课的教学组织,打破了建筑学专业设计基础类课程群按学科体系授课的传统界限,实现了课程群内课程教学的学科交叉和教学内容的相互融贯.     

创新与求实——香港大学园境学硕士课程设计介绍

从1993年成立以来,香港大学园境学的硕士课程一直秉承求实与创新并举的教学方针,本文重点介绍了2005至2006年度的一年级课程设计作品。     

Does Density Aggravate the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Abstract

Problem, research strategy, and findings: The impact of density on emerging highly contagious infectious diseases has rarely been studied. In theory, dense areas lead to more face-to-face interaction among residents, which makes them potential hotspots for the rapid spread of pandemics. On the other hand, dense areas may have better access to health care facilities and greater implementation of social distancing policies and practices. The current COVID-19 pandemic is a perfect case study to investigate these relationships. Our study uses structural equation modeling to account for both direct and indirect impacts of density on the COVID-19 infection and mortality rates for 913?U.S. metropolitan counties, controlling for key confounding factors. We find metropolitan population to be one of the most significant predictors of infection rates; larger metropolitan areas have higher infection and higher mortality rates. We also find that after controlling for metropolitan population, county density is not significantly related to the infection rate, possibly due to more adherence to social distancing guidelines. However, counties with higher densities have significantly lower virus-related mortality rates than do counties with lower densities, possibly due to superior health care systems.

Takeaway for practice: These findings suggest that connectivity matters more than density in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Large metropolitan areas with a higher number of counties tightly linked together through economic, social, and commuting relationships are the most vulnerable to the pandemic outbreaks. They are more likely to exchange tourists and businesspeople within themselves and with other parts, thus increasing the risk of cross-border infections. Our study concludes with a key recommendation that planners continue to advocate dense development for a host of reasons, including lower death rates due to infectious diseases like COVID-19.     

An economic analysis of migration in Mexico

This paper analyzes internal migration in Mexico over the 1960–1970 period. A model of the determinants of migration is specified and estimated for aggregated interstate migration flows. The results show that distance serves as a significant deterrent to migration, that higher destination earlings levels are attractive to migrants, and that regions with high unemployment rates experience lower rates of in-migration. An unanticipated finding is that regions with higher earnings levels have greater rates of out-migration.The data are disaggregated to examine separate migration relationships for each state. The results are that distance is a lesser deterrent for those migrants with more accessible alternatives, that higher earnings levels reduce the deterring effects of distance, and that regions with higher earnings levels have lower associated elasticities of migration.It is concluded that economic factors have played a crucial role in internal migration and thus in the changing occupational and geographic structure of the Mexican labor force.This research was supported by Grant Number 1-RO-1-HD08567-01 from the Population and Reproduction Grants Branch, Center for Population Research, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Part of this study was completed at the Food Research Institute, Stanford University, where J. R. Ladman was a Visiting Scholar. We are grateful to Barry Edmonston and Dudley Kirk for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Responsibility for remaining shortcomings remains ours.     

基于空间思维拓展的风景园林专业设计基础教学创新——以模型媒介为视角

设计基础课程是风景园林专业学生学习园林设计方法和技能的重要入门课程。在教学过程中,学生对园林三维空间的理解和应用普遍存在问题,他们更多的是关注图面表现与平面构图。文章对风景园林专业一年级园林设计初步课程教学改革进行了探索,提出以模型为媒介,循序渐进,帮助学生建立空间理解和建构能力的教学创新方法,分析了空间模型在风景园林设计基础课程中介入的必要性,探讨模型在园林设计初步课程教学不同阶段的全面介入及其对教学所起的促进作用。     

论专业更名

根据历届新生入学的专业教育教学研究实践,以详实的专业报考志愿数据,阐述了原供热、通风与空气调节工程,城市燃气工程,供热空调与燃气工程3个专业重组更名为"建筑环境与设备工程"专业后被社会了解、认知情况以及所产生的弊端。通过分析,提出将"建筑环境与设备工程"更名为"建筑环境与能源应用"专业,该更名不仅具有必要性、贴切性、前瞻性、高屋建瓴的大器性,而且还能从生源抓起应对能源和环境的挑战,能更好地培养注册设备工程师。     

Effects of remittances on renewable energy consumption: Evidence from instrumental variable estimation with panel data

This study investigates the impact of remittances on renewable energy consumption (REC) using a panel of 25 top remittance-receiving countries for 1990–2018. We use a generalized two-stage least squares random effect model to estimate the impact of remittance on renewable energy use. Results showed that remittances and REC have a generally positive relationship among the studied nations. Governments may create a system to incentivize remittance-receiving households to adopt and utilize more carbon-neutral energy devices at a lower cost if they pay with remittances. This approach could lead to higher societal adoption and consumption of green energy.     

早期宫颈癌腹腔镜手术面临的挑战

近年来,腹腔镜微创手术在早期宫颈癌中被广泛应用。既往回顾性研究显示,微创手术具有术中出血少、住院时间短、术后恢复快的优点,同时总生存期与传统开腹手术无差别。但N Engl J Med在2018年10月30日刊登的一项前瞻性多中心随机对照临床试验和一项回顾性流行病学研究结果均显示,微创手术增加了早期宫颈癌的死亡率。这两项研究结果虽不能完全否定腹腔镜在早期宫颈癌治疗中的作用,但应引起术者的重视与反思:规范化的肿瘤治疗原则是基础,手术路径的选择应以患者、疾病和术者技术特点为依据。     

Relationships between the prevalence of multiple sclerosis and some physical and chemical properties of soil

The prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and some physical and chemical properties of soil in two counties of Finland have been compared. In the county where the MS prevalence rate was significantly higher, the pH of the soil was lower, the organic carbon content higher, the concentration of soluble iron, zinc, chromium and aluminium higher and those of soluble potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium and total selenium lower than in the county with the lower MS-prevalence rate. According to the literature, areas of a high MS prevalence correspond rather closely to the global distribution of mires, particularly to raised bogs in the northern hemisphere.     

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL DIFFICULTIES OF LOW‐INCOME LATINO AND AFRICAN AMERICAN YOUTH: THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT

Do the geographic contexts in which disadvantaged children are raised influence whether they have difficulties in elementary school? We address this question by estimating Cox proportional hazard models with instrumental variable measures of context, using data for 410 low‐income Latino and African American children who lived in Denver public housing before age six. The Denver Housing Authority's procedure for allocating families to dwellings mimics random assignment, thus offering an unusual natural experiment for measuring context effects isolated from geographic selection bias. We find that several socioeconomic and demographic contextual indicators are statistically and substantively important predictors of low‐income Latino and African American children's difficulties in elementary school, though sometimes in nonlinear and interactive ways. Generally, the hazard of being assigned to special education classes, suspended, or forced to repeat a grade is greater in neighborhoods with higher occupational prestige and percentages of immigrants and lower in those with higher percentages of African American residents.     

An empirical examination of the location and timing of non-renewals in a farmland differential assessment program

We study the non-renewals of contracts in the farmland differential assessment program of California. An instrumental variable random-effect model for the location of non-renewals and a hazard model for the timing of non-renewals indicate that counties with high property tax rates have 0.8% lower odds of a non-renewal, transition slower to a rapid state of non-renewals by 4%, and transition faster to the slow state by 6%. This suggests differential assessment programs provide benefits to tax payers by preserving agricultural land and reducing how quickly development pressure causes non-renewals, and ultimately development, in farm communities. Counties at higher elevations transition faster to a rapid state of non-renewals by 4% and transition slower to the slow state by 2%. This suggests there should be more attention to development pressure at higher elevations, where regulations are weaker and amenities are greater.     

从研究风景园林“怎么教”转向“怎么学”——兼谈风景园林大学生的入学适应

在风景园林教育研究领域,从研究"怎么教"到研究"怎么学"是一次研究视角的转换。本文倡导在风景园林教育中引入质性研究的方法。根据建构主义学习理论,风景园林大学生应努力做到三点:一是优化自身学习环境,促进其建构知识和能力;二是组建学习共同体,促进知识和能力的社会协商;三是参与实践,进行意义的建构。风景园林专业大学新生的"形象思维、艺术审美"有较大差别,部分新生出现专业学习不适应的情况,有"挫败感"和"迷茫"等本土概念。其原因在于"不知道为什么要学这些东西""好坏没有标准"和"形象思维的欠缺"等。