软件规模评估方法的研究与应用

近年来随着软件产业的蓬勃发展，软件企业及组织对软件规模的评估能力变得尤为重要，文章对基于两两比较法（Paired Comparisons Method)来校准“专家法”的软件规模评估方法进行了详细的分析，同时对照功能点分析法讨论了这种方法的特点，并在软件项目管理系统开发实践中采用了该方法进行软件规模估算。     

功能点估算法在彩票行业的应用

本文主要介绍了基于NESMA功能点估算法的软件成本度量,及其在彩票行业软件项目中的应用。软件的规模大小在项目的早期计划与实践过程中具有指导作用,NESMA功能点法是一种基于用户需求并且独立于开发语言的估算方法,能够比较准确地度量规模。本文首先阐述了应用NESMA功能点法估算软件规模的详细方法和步骤,并结合彩票行业软件开发的实际情况,以及参考软件行业基准数据,对其在彩票软件开发成本估算中的实际应用进行了总结,并以实例说明该方法在彩票行业的适用性和局限性。     

软件功能测试规模估算模型的研究及其应用

提出一种基于功能点分析法的软件功能测试规模估算模型。该模型适用于黑盒功能测试,用于系统测试阶段或验收测试阶段工作量的估算,基本估算步骤包括估算软件规模、定义规模因子、计算测试规模,并在项目中进行实践应用。结果表明,该模型可以较好地估算软件功能测试规模,可用于测试计划的制定及实施。     

一种基于模糊一插值的功能点分析法

功能点分析法是一种使用非常广泛的软件规模估算方法。主要针对IFPUG(Intcrnational Function Point User Group)提出的功能点分析法在划分功能组件复杂度等级时所存在的不连续性问题,结合模糊理论和插值方法,提出了模糊一插值功能点分析法,解决了复杂度等级划分中出现的不连续、不精确等缺点和问题。实例证明,新方法不仅能更准确地估算出功能点数量,而且具有很强的实际可操作性。     

应用IFPUG功能点方法的军用软件规模估算

IFPUG功能点方法是国际功能点用户协会提出的一种广泛使用的度量软件功能大小的方法,它不依赖于实现语言,度量出来的结果也可以在不同的开发过程之间进行比较,该文提供了使用该方法对军用软件系统进行规模估算的实施框架,开发者使用该方法在开发的早期能够估算出系统的规模,为后期工作量与成本估算提供可靠依据,在系统完成后可作为系统其他度量和评估的有效输入。     

基于用例功能点计算的软件规模度量分析

针对软件开发的规模度量模型和方法的研究,提出了基于用例与功能点相结合的软件规模度量方法,并对度量过程进行了应用分析。通过验证,采用用例功能点方法进行软件规模度量的结果与实际规模相比误差小,其估算结果优于一般的规模估算方法。     

基于FPA的软件工程监理方法

在软件工程监理的早期,单凭监理人员的经验对系统进行准确有效的估算几乎是不可能的.功能点分析法(FunctionPoint Analvsis)是一种广泛使用的度量软件功能大小的方法,它不依赖于某种实现语言,度量出来的结果也可以在不同的开发过程之间进行比较.文章对基于FPA的软件工程监理方法进行了研究,并对其做了应用分析.监理人员使用该方法能在项目的早期估算出软件系统的规模及成本,为监理方案的制定提供依据.     

基于UML技术的功能点度量研究与应用

准确的规模度量在做好软件成本估算的过程中有着举足轻重的作用,功能点规模度量分析在业界被应用广泛,但考虑到功能点被分解时随意性较大,而UML是面向对象程序设计方法中进行分析和设计的标准建模语言,于是文章提供了一种使用UML技术中的用例图及用例描述和类图相结合的方法对应用系统进行功能点分析,使得开发者能使用该方法能在开发的早期估算出系统的规模,并将此方法应用于企业信息化协同办公自动化系统中。     

功能点分析方法研究

软件规模度量是估算软件项目工作量、成本和合理策划项目进度的基础。本文针对当前流行的软件规模度量方法——功能点分析方法进行综述,阐述了功能点分析方法的基本概念和分析流程。比较全面地总结了现有的代表性功能点分析方法和工具,对一些重要的方法和工具做了客观分析,探讨了功能点分析方法中存在的一些问题及当前研究情况。最后,总结了功能点分析方法的研究现状并对功能点分析方法的发展方向进行了展望。     

一种改进的功能点分析方法

功能点分析是一种广泛使用的软件功能规模度量方法,它不依赖于实现语言,度量结果也可以在不同的开发过程之间进行比较。该文针对功能点分析方法中功能要素复杂度等级划分的缺点和不足,提出了模糊功能点分析方法。该方法能更准确地估算出功能点数量,具有很强的实际可操作性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。