Characteristics of fire loads in office buildings

A study was made to determine the effects of various parameters on the fire load characteristics of office buildings. This and future studies are expected to form the basis for improving fire resistant design requirements. Note: Dr. Culver is Program Manager, Building Technology Programs, Center for Building Technology, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C.     

高校学生宿舍火灾荷载调查研究

简要介绍了国内外火灾荷载调查统计现状,分析了高校学生宿舍建筑的可燃物状况及其计算方法.选取具有代表性的宿舍建筑,对可燃物种类及数量分别进行了问卷调查和实地调查.调查结果显示,最不利情况下老式学生宿舍建筑及新式学生宿舍建筑的火灾荷载密度分别为697.71 MJ/m2和434.11 MJ/m2.     

对某大型商场服装层活动火灾荷载的调查和研究

对某大型商场的服装层活动火灾荷载 (服装 )的分布状况进行了实地调查。调查结果显示不同楼层具有不同的火灾荷载值。活动火灾荷载的分布不服从正态分布 ,而是二项分布形式。     

火灾安全评价系统在某医院消防监督中的应用

综合性医院人员集中、结构复杂,火灾风险较大,是消防监督检查的重点单位。本文在介绍火灾安全评价系统(FireSafety Evaluation System——FSES)评价的主要步骤和内容的基础上,运用该方法对某综合医院住院部的火灾安全现状进行了评价,评价结果表明该住院部存在一定火灾安全隐患,并提出了整改建议。     

A survey of the development of fire safety regulations for railways

After reviewing the historical background to fire safety on railways, the paper describes the reasons for a recent review of protective measures. Initially, the problem is outlined and some approaches to control briefly examined. Some basic factors aimed at improving the safety of passengers and operating staff are outlined. Methods of assessing hazards, and limitations of official regulations are considered in the light of a systems engineering analysis. Differences between types of passenger vehicle are mentioned, and the provision of escape methods considered. Freight trains are referred to briefly, as are locomotives and stations.     

消防监督抽样检查的几个问题

应用数理统计方法 ,对开展消防监督抽样检查的几个问题进行了探索 ,提出了类型抽样是消防监督主要抽样方式的看法     

Behavior of steel-sheathed shear walls subjected to seismic and fire loads

A series of tests was conducted on six 2.7 m×3.7 m shear wall specimens consisting of cold-formed steel framing sheathed on one side with sheet steel adhered to gypsum board and on the opposite side with plain gypsum board. The specimens were subjected to various sequences of simulated seismic shear deformation and fire exposure to study the influence of multi-hazard interactions on the lateral load resistance of the walls. The test program was designed to complement a parallel effort at the University of California, San Diego to investigate a six-story building subjected to earthquakes and fires. The test results reported here indicate that the fire exposure caused a shift in the failure mode of the walls from local buckling of the sheet steel in cases without fire exposure, to global buckling of the sheet steel with an accompanying 35% reduction in lateral load capacity after the wall had been exposed to fire. This behavior appears to be predictable, which is encouraging from the standpoint of residual lateral load capacity under these severe multi-hazard actions.     

A study — Early warning fire detection performance in the hospital patient room

These experiments, which represent fire situations in a hospital patient sleeping room, clearly indicate that a door frame-mounted detector provides one of the best locations for optimum detector response in this occupancy. Identification of air motion as the single most important factor influencing reaction time of early warning detection devices emphasizes the need to evaluate smoke and ionization detectors under actual conditions of use. Note: Mr. Waterman is Senior Research Engineer, Safety Research, IIT Research Institute; Mr. Degenkolb is a practicing Fire Protection Engineer from Glendale, California; Mr. Stickney, Oregon State Fire Marshal at the time this paper was written, is now retired.     

单层球面网壳火灾爆炸动力响应

以K8型单层球面网壳为研究对象,考虑几何非线性和温度对材料性能的影响,完整模拟了单层球面网壳在发生火灾的不同阶段受到爆炸冲击作用时的动力性状。据B-R准则,通过爆炸峰值超压与结构动力特征响应之间的关系,可判定K8型单层球面网壳在不同火灾阶段,爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性临界峰值超压。分析了单层球面网壳的矢跨比、屋面荷载、约束布置等参数对其在不同火灾阶段的爆炸冲击动力稳定性的影响。研究表明:火灾对网壳结构在爆炸冲击作用下的动力稳定性有较大影响,当网壳杆件最高温度达500℃以上时,结构的抗爆能力明显降低。矢跨比、屋面质量、约束布置对网壳在火灾不同阶段的抗爆能力均有不同程度的影响。     

关于6起典型医院火灾案例的思考

目的：提出针对性措施,预防医院火灾。方法：到百度、消防主管机关、CNKI、中国裁判文书官方网站,以及中国国家图书馆搜集医院火灾案例,从中选择具有代表性的6起案例进行分析。结果：这6起案例共获得启示22条。结论：做好医院消防工作必须讲数据、讲责任、讲布局、讲因地制宜。     

福州市医院消防安全管理浅析

从福州市医院的消防管理问题及导致的主要火灾隐患入手，分析研究了导致医院消防管理问题和火灾隐患的原因，提出了加强医院消防安全的预防对策。     

大型综合医院火灾防御体系探讨

依据国家三甲综合医院科室设置及收治病种特点，结合某大型医院布局现状，对大型综合医院火灾防御体系进行探讨。     

浅谈高层医院自动消防系统和日常管理

从高层医院所应具备自动消防系统和在高层医院日常管理中 ,加强消防安全教育 ,建立管理制度 ,主动发挥“人”主观能动性的两个方面 ,具体阐述了高层医院的消防安全工作     

三维可视化技术在医院消防应急管理中的应用

医院作为消防重点单位,完善的消防应急管理体系对及时有效地处置消防应急事故发挥着重要作用。介绍了某医院消防安全管理应急预案编制情况,应用信息系统管理平台中三维可视化技术,创新医院的消防应急管理模式,提高人员应急能力,为医院消防应急管理和安全风险防控提供参考。     

ASTM survey on uses and limitations of fire models

Current Research

ASTM survey on uses and limitations of fire models     

河南省普通小型住宅卧室活动火灾荷载调查与统计

对郑州市及河南省的一些中小城镇地区880户住宅进行调查统计,得到1770组卧室面积及家电家具重量、材质等数据信息,从中随机抽取50组普通小型住宅卧室(面积小于20 m2),计算出卧室活动火灾荷载,并进行统计分析.结果表明:鉴于住户个人喜好和家具材质的不同,普通小型住宅卧室活动火灾荷载密度差异比较大,但一般情况下,小型卧室活动火灾荷载密度服从正态分布.设计计算时,可取典型小卧室活动火灾荷载密度为872.79 MJ/m2,该值具有95%的保证率.     

现代建筑防火技术在某医院工程中的应用

介绍了福建某医院几种建筑防火技术的应用,阐述现代新技术下可根据不同防火要求、不同使用功能、不同建筑环境采用不同的建筑防火技术,既确保达到消防灭火的目的,又保证所被保护物件尽可能的不被消防灭火破坏甚至能够完好无损。     

高温中荷载对高温后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的影响

设置高温中和高温后不同的钢筋笼,用以区分高温中和高温后模型的异同,利用ABAQUS损伤塑性模型考虑混凝土损伤的积累,建立模拟高温中荷载对高温后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力影响的三维有限元分析模型。通过与试验结果的对比,验证了该模型具有较好的精度。采用该模型分析高温中不同荷载水平及作用位置对高温后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力的影响,结果表明：随着高温中荷载的增加,高温后钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力降低;当高温中荷载小于其极限荷载的0.6倍时,受剪承载力降低较小,当高温中荷载大于其极限荷载0.6倍时,降低明显;对于高温中和高温后作用点相同的情况,剪跨比越小,受剪承载力下降越大;随着高温中荷载的增加,残余应变增大,但高温后刚度变化较小。