Micro-displacement measurement based on multiple self-mixing interference technology

Multiple self-mixing (MSM) interferometry, a high-precision and effective method for measuring micro-displacement, is proposed in this paper. First, a triangular wave is used to drive an electro-optic modulator for the phase modulation of MSM interference signals. Then, the five-step phase-shifting algorithm is used to demodulate the modulated MSM interference signals. Finally, the displacement curves of the vibrating target are reconstructed. MSM interferometry is used to measure the displacement of sinusoidal motion with a peak-to-peak value of 2000 nm and a frequency of 10 Hz. Simulation results show that the maximum reconstruction error of MSM interferometry is 0.074 nm. Experimental results show that the maximum reconstruction errors of MSM interferometry are less than 4 nm. Therefore, MSM interferometry satisfies the high precision required by displacement measurement systems.     

Estimation of signal parameters in the frequency domain in the presence of harmonic interference: a comparative analysis

In this paper, a novel method for the estimation of the parameters of the spectral components of a signal, also in the case of harmonic interference, is characterized and compared to other methods proposed in literature. The comparison criteria include the evaluation of residual errors and uncertainties on estimated parameters for different multicomponent signals.     

OFDM系统在时变信道下的迭代干扰抵消算法

为克服正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中因时变多径衰落信道破坏子载波的正交性引起载波间干扰(ICI),从而导致系统性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于最小均方误差(MMSE)估计和迭代算法相结合的迭代干扰抵消算法.为了消除一般MMSE均衡方法将载波间干扰当作加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)所带来的误差,该算法先使用MMSE方法对传输信号进行初值估计,再通过迭代干扰抵消和MMSE均衡相结合,来消除由时变信道所带来的载波间干扰.多次仿真表明,在时变多径衰落信道中使用本算法能够有效地消除载波间干扰,使系统性能得到很好的改善.     

Channel estimation and interference cancellation in CP?CDMA systems

A novel iterative channel estimation approach is proposed for cyclic prefix-code division multiple access systems. Code-multiplexed pilots are used for channel estimation while maintaining bandwidth efficiency. The proposed method achieves a significant improvement when compared to the conventional correlation approach by reconstructing data signals for channel estimation. Simulation results demonstrate good estimation capability with an allocation of only 10% of the whole power to the pilot channel. In addition, an integrated channel estimator and parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detector are proposed. Data signals are reconstructed for channel estimation while the interference contributed by different data channels as well as the pilot channel are regenerated and subtracted from the received signal at the final stage. The channel estimation error reduces at each iteration and the PIC at the last stage enables further bit error rate performance improvement to be achieved for the system. The performance of the proposed scheme is studied through simulations and results verify its effectiveness     

A TDOA location scheme using interference cancellation in LTE systems

为长期演进计划(LTE)通信系统提出了一种采用干扰消除技术来改进信号到达时间差(TDOA)的移动台定位方法.该方法针对移动台在靠近小区中心时接收邻近小区基站信号会受到服务基站和其他基站信号以及噪声的干扰,从而导致定位精度下降的情况,首先在信号接收端重建干扰并且从接收信号中对其进行消除,然后基于正交频分复用(OFDM)通信系统使用相关估计法估算信号传播时间,最后通过加权最小二乘法估算移动台的位置坐标.在多径传播以及非视距(NLOS)传播无线环境中,仿真实验证明,采用该方法可以有效改善靠近小区中心的移动台的定位精度.     

基于逐级干扰对消的微弱GPS信号捕获算法

为实现微弱GPS信号处理中接收到的信号存在强卫星信号干扰的情况下对微弱GPS信号的捕获,提出了一种基于逐级干扰对消的捕获算法,即依照卫星信号载噪比,由大到小逐级进行捕获,前一级的输入信号对消掉该级捕获的最强信号作为下一级的输入,再进行下一级信号的捕获,且捕获时由卫星信号载噪比自适应调整所需的累加时间,以期在最短时间内实现信号的成功捕获.采用逐级干扰对消捕获算法,可最大限度地减小强信号对微弱信号捕获的影响.理论分析及仿真结果表明,该方法具有更强的信号捕获能力.     

Unified method for bit error rate calculation of time-hopping and direct-sequence ultrawide band systems in the presence of multiple user interference and narrow-band interference

Time-hopping ultra wideband (TH-UWB) and direct-sequence ultra wideband (DS-UWB) systems are among the standards proposed for UWB communications scenarios. A general unified mathematical approach has been proposed for calculating the bit error rate (BER) for both TH-UWB and DS-UWB systems in the presence of multiple-user interference and a strong narrow-band interference in a multi-path scenario. Unlike many other mathematical models that provide upper or lower bounds for BER, this model calculates the exact values for BER in given scenarios. A partial rake receiver has been chosen as the receiving terminal. The modified Saleh-Valenzuela channel model has been used in this analysis. The model can asses the effect of any given narrow-band interfering systems. For the purpose of simulation, the narrow-band interfering system used is a Wi-Max transceiver based on IEEE 802.16-2004 standard. The validity of the model has been checked by comparing the mathematical results with numerical values achieved trough simulation. It is important to notice that this method can simultaneously be applied to both TH-UWB and DS-UWB.     

Eigenspace-based blind pattern optimisations of steerable antenna array for interference cancellation

A novel adaptive algorithm for an array using directional elements called a hybrid smart antenna system is proposed. The algorithm controls the element patterns on the basis of an objective function composed of eigenvalues of a covariance matrix. A high and stable array output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio is achieved by improving both the received powers and the spatial correlation coefficient between incident waves, without prior knowledge such as directions-of-arrival, channel state information or training signals. The characteristics of the proposed algorithm are theoretically and numerically clarified for a simple case involving two incident waves. Convergence with least mean squares algorithm is found to be as fast as that with recursive least squares algorithm in this system. Also, simulation for statistical performance evaluation is carried out in comparison with a conventional system. Furthermore, a method to implement the proposed eigenspace control algorithm without having to solve the eigenvalue problem is shown.     

利用自适应噪声抵消消除工频脉冲干扰仿真

介绍一种将自适应噪声抵消算法应用于消除周期性工频脉冲干扰的方法。该方法利用周期sinc函数仿真工频脉冲干扰信号,与白噪声叠加作为参考输入,利用最小均方(Least Mean Square,LMS)算法与归一化最小均方(Normalized Least Mean Square,NLMS)算法进行自适应噪声抵消滤波仿真实验。MATLAB仿真处理结果显示,在无增益、增益饱和、增益过饱和这三种情况下,当信噪比为3 d B时,分别用LMS算法与NLMS算法滤波后可以清晰地分辨多次回波。     

Performance of spatially multiplexed MC-CDM with zero-forcing unified successive interference cancellation detection

Spatially multiplexed multicarrier code-division multiplexing (SM-MC-CDM) is a multiple-input multiple-output, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) communication technique with multiple antennas used for spatial multiplexing and with frequency domain spreading on each antenna. Unified successive interference canceller (U-SIC) is an efficient detector recently introduced for SM-MC-CDM. This paper presents an analytical approach to the performance of zero-forcing (ZF) U-SIC for SM-MC-CDM communications. For a system with an equal number of transmit and receive antennas, an approximation for the probability density function of post-detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is used to derive a closed-form analytical upper bound and approximations for the probability of error and ergodic capacity. It is shown that SM-MC-CDM with ZF U-SIC is able to achieve higher diversity order than that achieved by ZF and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) V-BLAST detectors used on each subcarrier of a MIMO-OFDM system with the same number of subcarriers. The diversity order obtained increases with the number of subcarriers. It is also shown that the ergodic capacity of the system decreases with increasing number of subcarriers.     

Lidar frequency modulation vibrometry in the presence of speckle

We report laboratory target vibration measurements that use an easily aligned and adjusted fiber-based 1.5-microm heterodyne lidar. The targets are simple spherically curved retroreflectors with well-controlled vibration frequencies and amplitudes. A rotating ground-glass screen creates Gaussian speckle. We wish to understand the modulated and fast-fading lidar returns seen from real target. We frequency demodulated the recorded laboratory data by phase differencing to provide estimates of dphi/dt, where phi is the phase of the received carrier-plus-noise phasor. Experimental results for signal strength and signal-to-noise ratio, for specific target modulation parameters, agree well with our recently developed dphi/dt correlation-function theory.     

Blind adaptive and iterative interference cancellation receiver structures based on the constant modulus criterion in multipath channels

Blind adaptive and iterative interference cancellation (IC) receiver structures for direct sequence code division multiple access systems in multipath channels are proposed. A code-constrained constant modulus design criterion based on constrained optimisation techniques and adaptive algorithms for receiver and channel parameter estimation are described for successive IC (SIC) and parallel IC (PIC) detectors and a new hybrid IC (HIC) scheme in scenarios subject to multipath fading. The proposed HIC structure combines the strengths of linear, SIC and PIC receivers and is shown to outperform the conventional linear, SIC and PIC structures. A novel iterative detection approach that generates different cancellation orders and selects the most likely symbol estimate on the basis of the instantaneous minimum constant modulus criterion is also proposed and combined with the new HIC structure to further enhance performance. Simulation results for an uplink scenario assess the algorithms, the proposed blind adaptive IC detectors against existing receivers and evaluate the effects of error propagation of the new cancellation techniques.     

空调器的时钟频率干扰问题研究

在家用空调器所采用的控制中，单片机系统是最为常用的一种控制方式。这种控制方式简便、灵活、成本低，因此使用非常广泛，但容易出现由控制系统中时钟频率的干扰问题引起的电磁兼容传导骚扰超标的情况。     

Optimum track fitting in the presence of multiple scattering

A method for track fitting is proposed which attempts to be as close as possible to the real track along the full path length. This is done by the introduction of scattering planes in which the particle is allowed to change its direction. A fit over the full track length includes the probability of direction change by scattering. Using matrix notation a fairly simple formalism for error estimation has been developed. Results of this method are compared to those of more widely used procedures for “typical” examples of high energy spectrometers.     

Single-molecule-based super-resolution images in the presence of multiple fluorophores

Several super-resolution techniques exist, yet most require multiple lasers, use either large or weakly emitting fluorophores, or involve chemical manipulation. Here we show a simple technique that exceeds the standard diffraction limit by 5-15× on fixed samples, yet allows the user to localize individual fluorophores from among groups of crowded fluorophores. It relies only on bright, organic fluorophores and a sensitive camera, both of which are commercially available. Super-resolution is achieved by subtracting sequential images to find the fluorophores that photobleach (temporarily or permanently), photoactivate, or bind to the structure of interest in transitioning from one frame to the next. These fluorophores can then be localized via Gaussian fitting with selective frame averaging to achieve accuracies much better than the diffraction limit. The signal-to-noise ratio decreases with the square root of the number of nearby fluorophores, producing average single-molecule localization errors that are typically <30 nm. Surprisingly, one can often extract signal when there are approximately 20 fluorophores surrounding the fluorophore of interest. Examples shown include microtubules (in vitro and in fixed cells) and chromosomal DNA.     

Performance of ultra wide band system using nonlinear receiver in the presence of interference

The performance of a time hopping combined with pulse position modulation ultra wide band system with a nonlinear receiver using an adaptive filter and a soft-limiter in the presence of narrowband interference has been considered. This system brings a significant performance improvement compared with the system that uses an adaptive filter and a linear receiver, particularly in the case of high-interference power where its absence leads to the reception loss. Also, the proposed receiver has much better interference rejection performance compared with minimal mean-square error interference rejection, in case of high-interference power (interference to signal ratios from 30 to 65 dB).     

Positioning FBAR technology in the frequency and timing domain

This paper focuses on the technical differentiation of film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) technology from other mechanical resonator technologies for timing applications. The paper will touch on a recent modification of FBARs, the zero-drift resonator (ZDR), that is temperature compensated. One technology differentiator is the size of the chip-scale packaged resonator. Another is that the silicon lid is perfectly suitable for placement of integrated circuits and this is currently being done. Many factors (wide tuning range, high Q, high frequency, small size, integrated circuitry) are being used to differentiate potential products for the time and frequency markets.