压铸镁合金AZ91在不同电解液中的微弧氧化

综述了近年来国内外压铸镁合金AZ91微弧氧化研究的进展和现状,着重介绍包括磷酸盐体系、硅酸盐体系、铝酸盐体系和复合盐体系在内的不同电解液体系下影响压铸镁合金AZ91微弧氧化陶瓷膜性能的因素,并指出了今后压铸镁合金AZ91微弧氧化研究工作重点。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化电参数对其耐蚀性的影响

在铝酸盐体系中对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化处理。利用田口式实验设计法探讨微弧氧化过程电参数对膜层耐蚀性的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数为:电压180V,氧化时间30min,频率50Hz,占空比30%。用交流阻抗分析膜层的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明:最佳工艺条件下所制备微弧氧化,膜层电阻比镁合金基体提高了2个数量级,耐蚀性有所增强。     

Effects of Electric Parameters on Properties of Micro-arc Oxidation Films Formed on Magnesium Allovs AZ91D

在铝酸盐体系中对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化处理.利用田口式实验设计法探讨微弧氧化过程电参数对膜层耐蚀性的影响,确定了最佳工艺参数为:电压180V,氧化时间30 min,频率50 Hz,占空比30％.用交流阻抗分析膜层的耐腐蚀性能,结果表明:最佳工艺条件下所制备微弧氧化,膜层电阻比镁合金基体提高了2个数量级,耐蚀性有所增强.     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜的制备工艺研究

在NaAlO_2电解液体系中,采用自制微弧氧化成套设备对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化。采用5因素4水平正交设计试验法,以膜层厚度和耐蚀性为指标,综合考察了各因素对膜层结构和性能的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为20g/L NaAlO_2,7g/L Na_2B_4O_7,频率500Hz,正占空比20%,氧化时间30min。对该工艺下制备的微弧氧化膜层进行SEM、XRD分析,膜层含有较多的NaAlO_2、MgO和Al_2O_3晶体相;相对基体而言,微弧氧化膜层耐蚀性提高2~3个数量级。动电位极化曲线及电化学交流阻抗测试进一步表明,AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化后,其耐蚀性明显提高。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化工艺参数的优化

利用自制微弧氧化装置在硅酸盐体系中对AZ91D镁合金进行微弧氧化处理.采用4因素3水平正交试验,从考察膜层厚度、表面粗糙度和耐蚀性出发,确定了AZ91D镁合金在硅酸盐体系中的最佳工艺参数.结果表明：在最佳工艺条件下,微弧氧化膜呈多孔结构、孔径较小,裂纹较少,分布均匀,膜层较为致密;微弧氧化膜由MgO、Mg2SiO4、MgAl2O4和少量的SiO2组成;室温下,在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl中性溶液中浸泡168 h后,膜层表面未出现明显的点蚀现象,耐蚀性较镁合金基体有了很大提高.     

AZ91D压铸镁合金微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度分析

为了研究压铸镁合金AZ91D微弧氧化膜层显微硬度,在三种溶液及不同电参数条件下制备了微弧氧化膜层,分析了脉冲频率、占空比、电压、溶液成分及其电导率等参数对膜层显微硬度的影响.试验结果表明,镁合金微弧氧化处理可使其表面硬度大幅提高.锆盐溶液处理膜层的显微硬度高,与膜层相组成中含有ZrO2陶瓷有关.电源脉冲频率、占空比、电压、处理时间参数的增加,都使镁合金微弧氧化膜层的显微硬度增加.在一定范围内增加溶液的电导率,可使膜层的显微硬度提高.     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化工艺参数的研究

微弧氧化技术是一种在金属表面原位生长陶瓷膜的先进成形技术,是镁合金表面处理技术的重点发展方向,微弧氧化过程复杂,选择合适的工艺参数,优化工艺过程,对进一步提高膜层的性能来说至关重要。本课题通过试验研究了电流密度、占空比、频率和氧化时间对AZ91D镁合金陶瓷膜性能的影响,对工艺参数进行了优化。试验结果表明,AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化最佳的工艺参数:电流密度为1.0A/dm2、频率为600Hz、占空比为20%、微弧氧化时间为20min。     

AZ91D镁合金微弧氧化膜的腐蚀行为研究

利用双向全波脉冲电源对AZ91D镁合金在硅酸盐体系中进行了微弧氧化处理,通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)测试、极化曲线分析并结合XRD和SEM等分析方法对微弧氧化处理的镁合金腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明,微弧氧化膜表面分布着几微米的微孔,微弧氧化膜中主要含有MgF2,Mg2SiO4和Al2O3.AZ91D镁合金经过微弧氧化处理之后,耐蚀性能明显提高,自腐蚀电流密度降低3个数量级,自腐蚀电位高出约300 mV,阻抗值高出3个数量级,研制的微弧氧化膜对镁合金具有很好的防腐保护性能.     

AZ91D压铸镁合金微弧氧化的工艺研究

为了探索AZ91D压铸镁合金微弧氧化的工艺,研究了两种电解液体系中,恒电流时膜层生长动力学规律.分析了恒定电流密度值的大小、电源脉冲频率以及在溶液中添加NaF对膜层生长速率、表面粗糙度的影响.结果表明:电流密度越大,AZ91D压铸铁合金饭弧氧化膜层的生长速率越快,同时膜层表面粗糙度也会相应增大;频率越高膜层表面粗糙度越小,但频率的变化几乎对膜层的生长速率不产生影响;在溶液中添加NaF,可以明显地提高膜层的生长速率并降低膜层的表面粗糙度.     

低温超音速火焰喷涂铝-微弧氧化复合膜的制备与性能研究

先采用低温超音速火焰喷涂技术在AZ91D镁合金表面沉积一层致密的Al涂层,再采用微弧氧化技术进行微弧氧化处理,进而获得复合涂层。对热喷涂铝涂层微弧氧化的成膜过程、氧化膜微观结构和成分、复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能等进行了研究,并与在2024铝合金及AZ91D镁合金表面的微弧氧化过程和氧化膜层进行了对比。结果表明:在Al涂层上微弧氧化形成的微弧氧化膜呈多孔珊瑚状,相结构主要为γ-Al2O3,没有微裂纹产生,其微弧氧化过程与2024铝合金的微弧氧化大致相同;复合涂层具有良好的抗盐雾腐蚀性能,可显著提高镁合金的耐蚀性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。