微管内环己烷无催化氧化工艺条件对产物分布影响研究

环己醇、环己酮是生产己内酰胺的原料,环己烷通过氧化反应制备上述原料的反应过程在安全性和时空收率等方面仍有挑战。今利用微通道的优异的安全和传热传质性能,采用氧气作为氧化剂,考察内径1 mm,长度5 m的不锈钢微管内环己烷无催化氧化反应的性能,重点考察了不同工艺条件,包括反应温度、反应压力、气液摩尔比和反应停留时间对环己烷氧化性能的影响。在180℃,压力1.5 MPa,氧气与环己烷的摩尔比为0.3:1,停留时间为1.5 min时,环己烷的转化率为3.93%,环己醇的选择性为23.39%,环己酮的选择性为35.95%,己二酸的选择性为26.71%,环己基过氧化氢选择性为4.78%。实验表明,微管内环己烷无催化氧化是可行的,且有一定的效果,尤其是反应时间短且安全性高,为慢反应在微管内的反应提供了借鉴。     

环己烷催化氧化反应器形式的研究

针对金属卟啉催化氧化环己烷工艺的特点,选择鼓泡式反应器、搅拌式反应器和多釜串联搅拌式反应器进行一系列实验,分析了各类反应器形式对氧化产物的影响,确定了环己烷催化氧化反应器的最佳形式。     

环己烷一步氧化法制己二酸的催化剂研究进展

概述了环己烷两步氧化法和一步氧化法制己二酸工艺,传统的两步氧化法存在工艺流程复杂,能耗高,环境污染严重等问题,环己烷一步氧化法采用了绿色多相催化剂代替低活性催化剂硝酸;介绍了国内外环己烷一步氧化法制己二酸的催化剂研究进展,其中重点介绍了锰/钴类、分子筛类、负载型纳米金类、仿生类等催化体系;经过对比发现负载型纳米金催化剂具有优异的催化活性和选择性,指出负载型纳米金催化剂具有巨大的应用潜力,纳米金材料和碳材料相结合一步法制己二酸工艺值得进一步研究。     

微通道反应器中环己烷液相氧化反应工艺的研究

以纯氧为氧化剂、环己酮为引发剂和环烷酸钴(II)为催化剂,研究了内径为0.762 mm、长度为20 m的微通道反应器内环己烷液相氧化的反应行为,考察了表观气体流速、表观液体流速、反应温度、压力和催化剂用量等因素对环己烷转化率和产物选择性的影响。在氧气和环己烷表观流速分别为1.80 m?s-1和0.004 m?s-1、温度165℃、压力1.4 MPa、环己酮加入量0.2%(wt)和催化剂钴(II)浓度为10 ppm时,环己烷的转化率为4.57%,环己醇、环己酮和环己基过氧化氢的选择性分别为61.72%、34.87%和1.12%,己二酸的选择性小于3.0%。结果表明,微通道反应器中进行环己烷液相催化氧化,能有效提高气液相界面积,加快环己烷氧化反应速率,降低副产物的生成。     

纳米Au-Pd@Ce修饰介孔磷酸铝的制备及其催化氧化环己烷性能

采用水热合成法制备Ce修饰介孔磷酸铝,再通过原位还原法负载纳米Au-Pd制备催化剂;通过以空气为氧化剂的环己烷选择性氧化反应测试催化剂的催化性能,并考察水热温度、Ce掺杂量、负载贵金属对催化剂催化氧化环己烷的的影响。结果表明,以140℃水热制备的Ce掺杂质量分数为0. 15%的Ce0. 15-APO(140)负载Au-Pd双金属(Au与Pd质量比3∶1)催化剂活性最高。在反应温度120℃,空气压力1 MPa和反应1 h的条件下,环己醇+酮的产率可达11. 81%,选择性达99%,催化剂在同样条件下循环使用5次,活性无明显下降。     

金属卟啉催化氧化环己烷模试研究

用金属卟啉作催化剂,空气氧化环己烷生产环己醇和环己酮,分别用铁卟啉和钴卟啉进行工艺实验,比较了它们的催化性能。结果表明,在相同的转化率下,钴卟啉的催化氧化效果优于铁卟啉。采用钴卟啉作催化剂,适宜的浓度为3 mg/L,氧化反应的最佳温度为145-150℃,环己烷停留时间为55 min。在三釜串联搅拌式反应器型式下,反应温度采用降温序列有利于提高产物的选择性。     

环己烷液相非催化/催化氧化反应动力学特性比较

分别以不同氧浓度气体及纯氧作为氧源,利用鼓泡塔反应器在1.1 MPa、不同温度、不同气体流量条件下比较了环己烷液相非催化氧化和催化氧化反应特性。通过比较分析,讨论了环己烷液相氧化的链式反应机理。理论分析和实验数据表明,环己烷液相催化氧化反应诱导期短,其表观速率与环己烷浓度和氧气浓度都为一级;而非催化氧化反应诱导期长,是由烃直接氧化引发过程控制,只有当过氧化氢积累到一定浓度以后,过氧化物分解产生自由基速率变得显著,反应才表现出自催化反应特征。而在催化剂存在的情况下,环己基过氧化氢分解非常迅速,环己基过氧化氢浓度在整个反应过程中稳定在一个很低的水平,反应由氧化生成酮的链传递反应过程控制。     

温和条件下环己烷液相选择性氧化改性VPO催化剂

将La、Ce和Bi改性的钒磷氧化物（VPO）催化剂用于温和条件下液相催化氧化环己烷.发现Bi-VPO催化剂具有较好的液相催化氧化性能;Bi-VPO催化氧化环己烷的优化工艺条件是在10 ml乙腈中加入2 mmol的环己烷、0.01 g (V: 0.068 mmol)的Bi-VPO催化剂,在60 ℃下分次滴加3 ml (26 mmol) H₂O₂,反应12 h,环己烷的转化率为72%,环己酮和环己醇的收率分别为38%和34%.表明改性后的催化剂可大大提高VPO催化剂液相氧化环己烷的催化性能.     

苯加氢制环己烷催化剂及工艺进展

综述了国内苯加氢制环己烷催化剂及其工艺的现状和发展趋势,介绍了工业上主要的三大催化化反应工艺体系即UOP固体镍系催化剂气相反应工艺、Bexane的负载型铂系催化剂气相反应工艺和IFP的均相络合催化剂液相反应工艺,重点介绍了各主要催化体系及具有潜在发展前景的Ru系催化剂的最新进展,指出了尽管国内中小规模环己烷厂家均采用镍系气相反应工艺,但从装置规模的大型化和对产品高纯度要求来看,铂系气相工艺和镍系均相络合工艺具有更好的前景。     

微反应器内基于氮氧自由基催化剂连续氧气/空气氧化反应的研究进展

连续液相氧气氧化技术代替传统氧化技术已经成为氧化反应发展的一大趋势。但是,分子氧通常需要被合适的催化剂进行活化后才能进行高选择性氧化。近年来,氮氧自由基催化剂因其能够在温和条件下高效地催化氧气氧化反应而取得了快速发展。此外,可持续的绿色氧化工艺不仅依赖于高效环保的催化体系,还需要依托能够强化传质和反应性能的反应器技术。本文介绍了连续微反应氧化技术中常用的微反应器,归纳总结了以氮氧自由基及其衍生物为催化剂的空气/氧气氧化反应在连续有机合成中的研究进展。最后,针对现阶段氮氧自由基催化的连续液相氧化技术的潜在挑战,对该技术在精细化工领域中的应用进行了展望。     

Preferential oxidation of CO over CuO/CeO2 and Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalysts in micro-channel reactors

Micro-channel plates with dimension of 1 mm × 0.3 mm × 48 mm were prepared by chemical etching of stainless steel plates followed by wash coating of CeO₂ and Al₂O₃ on the channels. After coating the support on the plate, Pt, Co, and Cu were added to the plate by incipient wetness method. Reaction experiments of a single reactor showed that the micro-channel reactor coated with CuO/CeO₂ catalyst was highly selective for CO oxidation while the one coated with Pt-Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst was highly active for CO oxidation. The 7-layered reactors coated with two different catalysts were prepared by laser welding and the performances of each reactor were tested in large scale of PROX conditions. The multi-layered reactor coated with Pt-Co/Al₂O₃ catalyst was highly active for PROX and the outlet concentration of CO gradually increased with the O₂/CO ratio due to the oxidation of H₂ which maintained the reactor temperature. The multi-layered reactor coated with CuO/CeO₂ showed lower catalytic activity than that coated with Pt catalyst, but its selectivity was not changed with the increase of O₂/CO ratios due to the high selectivity. In order to combine advantages (high activity and high selectivity) of the two individual catalysts (Pt-Co/Al₂O₃, CuO/CeO₂), a serial reactor was prepared by connecting the two multi-layered micro-channel reactors with different catalysts. The prepared serial reactor exhibited excellent performance for PROX.     

Wet oxidation of wastewater containing hydrocarbons by novel supported Pd catalysts

Pd catalysts supported on TiO₂, ZrO₂, ZSM-5, MCM-41 and activated carbon were used in catalytic wet oxidation of hydrocarbons such as phenol, m-cresol and m-xylene. It was found that the Pd/TiO₂ catalyst was highly effective in the wet oxidation of hydrocarbon. The activities of catalysts with various hydrocarbon species, catalyst support, oxidation state of catalyst performed in a 3-phase slurry reactor show that reaction on Pd surface is more favorable than that in aqueous phase and that the active site is oxidized Pd in catalytic wet air oxidation of hydrocarbons. Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism of wet oxidation of hydrocarbons catalyzed over Pd/TiO₂ catalyst was proposed. This catalyst is superior to other oxide catalysts because it suppressed the formation of hardly-degradable organic intermediates and polymer.     

RECP: A Reactor Designed to Test the Effect of a Catalyst on Soot Oxidation in a Diesel Particulate Filter

A new reactor designed to test soot combustion on a filter coated with an oxidation catalyst is described. It is designed to achieve screening investigations of catalysts in realistic conditions, i.e., close to those prevailing in a diesel particulate filter (DPF). In a DPF a soot layer is formed at the surface of a porous wall (filtration area) which may or may not be covered with a catalytic layer. In this new setup, the soot is deposited on a sample of a DPF which can be easily impregnated with oxidation catalysts. A model soot (commercial carbon black) is used for the investigation, and different procedures for the soot „deposit on the filter are tested.     

碳纳米管负载纳米二氧化钌一步催化氧化环己烷

以不同载体负载的纳米二氧化钌作为催化剂，O₂为氧化剂，实现一步催化氧化环己烷制备己二酸，考察催化剂载体、引发剂、反应时间、温度和压力对环己烷转化率和己二酸选择性的影响。结果表明，碳纳米管负载纳米二氧化钌作为催化剂具有高的活性和选择性；在125 ℃、1.5 MPa和反应6 h的条件下，环己烷转化率达到40％，己二酸选择性达80％以上；催化剂可重复使用，具有较好的稳定性。     

Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids

Liquid-phase catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of various transition metal/metal oxide catalysts was studied in a batch autoclave reactor. Azelaic and pelargonic acids are the major reaction products. Tungsten and tantalum and their oxides in supported and unsupported forms were used as catalysts. Alumina pellets and Kieselguhr powder were used as supports for the catalysts. Tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, zirconium, and niobium were also examined as catalysts. Tertiary butanol was used as solvent. Experimental results concluded that tungsten and tungstic oxide are more suitable catalysts in terms of their activity and selectivity. The rate of reaction observed in the case of supported catalysts appears to be comparable or superior to that of unsupported catalysts. In pure form, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum showed strong catalytic activity in the oxidation reaction; however, except for tantalum the other two were determined to be economically unfeasible. Zirconium and niobium showed very little catalytic activity. Based on the experimental observations, tungstic oxide supported on silica is the most suitable catalyst for the oxidation of oleic acid with 85% of the starting oleic acid converted to the oxidation products in 60 min of reaction with high selectivity for azelaic acid.     

分子氧氧化环己烷制环己酮催化剂的研究进展

综述了分子氧氧化环己烷制取环己酮的催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了光催化剂、纳米催化剂、仿生催化剂、分子筛催化剂和复合催化剂在环己烷催化氧化方面的应用,其中,负载在分子筛上的纳米金催化剂具有较高的催化活性、选择性及稳定性。     

Au/TS-1的合成及其对环己烷氧化反应的影响

用不同的:实验方法制备得到了钛硅负载金催化剂(Au/TS-1).并用于催化环己烷液相选择氧化反应。发现以无机钛硅为原料水热合成得到的Au/TS-1催化剂具有良好的催化性能;在反应体系中以氧气作为氧化剂,考察了反应时间、温度、压力等因素对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,当叔丁基过氧化氢用量为0.04 g时,在150℃,1.0 MPa的条件下反应2.5 h,环己烷的转化率达到了9.42%,目的产物(环己醇、环己酮和环己基过氧化氢)的选择性为89.38%。     

环己烷绿色氧化合成环己醇/环己酮(KA油)催化剂及机理研究进展

环己烷绿色氧化合成环己醇/酮(KA油)一直是饱和C—H氧化领域的研究热点。本文综述了近十年来过氧化氢环己烷氧化和分子氧液相环己烷氧化的催化研究情况,指出过氧化氢环己烷氧化反应虽然条件温和、环己烷转化率和KA油选择性高,但活性较高的反应体系一般为包含昂贵配合物、酸、溶剂和氧化剂的复杂均相体系,不利于产物和催化剂分离,同时过氧化氢利用率较低,氧化剂成本高。液相分子氧环己烷氧化采用多相催化剂,操作简单,其中金和纳米氧化物有望成为潜在的工业催化剂。对环己烷氧化机理成果进行分析,指出除了金属卟啉的氧异裂非自由基机理,环己烷氧化按自由基机理进行,为自催化反应,但催化剂可促进活性自由基产生,活化C—H键,提高反应速率。最后指出开发有潜力的环己烷氧化多相催化剂和探索反应机理是今后的研究方向。