不同混凝剂水处理效果及其对超滤膜影响的试验研究

采用混凝超滤工艺,选取不同混凝预处理技术(FeCl3、PAC、AS)处理滦河水,并考察后续膜出水水质及TMP变化,3种混凝剂小试最佳投药量分别为8、6、12 mg/L,其中效果最佳的混凝剂为PAC;在小试基础上进行中试试验研究。结果表明,3种混凝剂对超滤膜的跨膜压差贡献依次为PAC相似文献   

混凝剂对超滤膜去除有机物及膜污染的影响

以太湖水为研究对象,采用超滤工艺,通过分别投加混凝剂Al2(SO4)3和聚合氯化铝(PAC),分析混凝过程对超滤膜运行效果及压力的影响.结果表明:混凝可以有效提高超滤对有机物的去除效果,Al2(SO4)3和PAC投加量大于6 mg/L和3 mg/L(以Al3+计)时,混凝剂对超滤去除有机物的提升效果趋于稳定;混凝可以有...     

混凝/超滤处理微污染原水的试验研究

采用混凝／超滤组合工艺对微污染原水进行试验。结果表明：混凝作为预处理可以有效地改善膜的过滤性能和提高去除有机物的效果。存在最佳混凝剂投加量,它可使膜过滤通量最大。     

pH值对强化混凝去除水中微量有机物的影响

通过烧杯试验,分别以聚合氯化铝(PAC)和FeCl3为混凝剂研究了pH值对水中有机物去除的影响。研究结果表明:PAC的最佳投加量为8 mg/L,此时有机物和浊度的去除率分别为51.8%和93.6%;FeCl3的最佳投加量为50 mg/L,此时有机物和浊度的去除率分别为57.8%和95.0%。有机物去除的最佳pH值范围为5.5～6.5,浊度去除的最佳pH值范围为7～8;相对于原水而言,调节pH值能够使有机物的去除率提高10%左右,因此调节pH值是一种经济有效的去除水中有机物的强化混凝方法。     

混凝沉淀预处理水杨酸己酯类香料废水研究

采用混凝沉淀研究水杨酸己酯类废水的预处理实验效果,综合比较两种混凝剂PAC(聚合氯化铝)、FeCl3对该废水的混凝预处理效果,得出二者CODCr去除率分别为23.35%、38.34%。FeCl3混凝对水杨酸己酯类香料废水具有相对较高的去除效果。     

在线混凝改善粉末活性炭-超滤工艺效能研究

通过在线投加混凝及粉末活性炭(PAC)处理,研究二者对超滤(UF)进水中有机物相对分子质量分布、亲疏水性的影响,考察在线混凝改善PAC-UF工艺对有机物去除效率和膜污染效能的影响及机理。结果表明,在线混凝和PAC对去除不同相对分子质量的有机物上存在协同互补作用,当PAC投加量仅为20 mg/L时,在线混凝+PACUF工艺的UV_(254)和DOC去除率为93.6%和69.7%。在线混凝和PAC对原水中亲水性有机物的去除效果较差,去除率小于40%,但是亲水性有机物组分的存在对膜污染的影响几乎可以忽略。当PAC投加仅为20 mg/L时,过滤周期末端膜比通量为0.86。在线混凝可以有效的改善PAC-UF工艺的有机物去除效果和膜污染程度,并可以显著的减低投炭量,利于实际工程运行。     

混凝剂投加对膜污染及除磷效果的影响

在膜生物流化床(MBFB)处理印染废水的试验中,研究投加无机混凝剂对膜污染以及除磷效果影响.烧杯试验中优选出混凝剂,并确定其最佳投加量.在实际运行的反应器中间歇投加混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)300 mg·L~(-1),测得反应器中难降解有机物浓度降低,跨膜压差(TMP)增长趋势减缓,TP去除率显著提高,表明混凝剂PAC能有效延缓膜污染并且提高系统除磷效果.     

超滤与强化混凝及其联用技术处理微污染窖水

为了经济、高效的提高西北农村地区微污染窖水的水质,实验采用PAC/NPAM/木质粉末活性炭与超滤联用处理微污染窖水,考察了对浊度、氨氮、UV_(254)以及COD_(Mn)的去除效果以及对膜通量的变化研究,并且将其与单独超滤、3种强化混凝(PAC、PAC/NPAM、PAC/NPAM/木质粉末活性炭)进行对比,其结果表明:联用技术的去除效果较单独超滤与PAC/NPAM/木质粉末活性炭的去除效率都高,其中联用技术对氨氮、COD_(Mn)、UV_(254)的去除率分别为50.07%,63.05%和84.7%,而单独超滤的去除率为15.36%,23.50%,16.17%,PAC/NAPM/木质粉末活性炭联合投加的去除率为42.09%,50.47%,64.25%;同时,联用技术下的膜通量衰减速率比单独超滤的缓慢,其中混凝沉淀/超滤的膜通量的衰减速率比单独超滤的平均减缓了36.24%,而在线混凝/超滤的膜通量的衰减速率比单独超滤的平均减缓了42.23%,适用于农村微污染窖水的净化。     

PAC、PFS混凝剂去除微污染水体中PCBs效果研究

以聚合氯化铝(PAC)、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)为混凝剂,采用强化混凝的水处理方法,完成对低浊度微污染水体中多氯联苯(PCBs)的去除,考察了2种混凝剂的投加量、水样初始浊度、水样pH值以及水力条件等因素对PAC、 PFS混凝剂去除低浊度水体中PCBs的效果影响。研究得出,当PAC投加量为7 mL/L,水样初始浊度为62NTU,慢速搅拌时间为15 min, pH值为5.0时, PAC强化混凝效果最佳,其对水样中PCBs的去除率为68.42%～76.02%,剩余浊度为1.01 NTU;当PFS投加量为5.5 mL/L,水样初始浊度为62 NTU,慢速搅拌时间为15 min,p H值为6.5时, PFS强化混凝效果最佳,其对水样中PCBs的去除率为70.30%～77.52%,剩余浊度为4.14 NTU。研究得出, PAC、 PFS均能有效去除微污染水体中的PCBs,且与PAC相比, PFS的去除效果更佳。     

沉淀-超滤工艺膜反洗水的回收处理

在处理以地表水为水源的沉淀池出水时,超滤技术存在产水率较低的问题,反洗水的回收可以有效地提高系统的产水率和降低运行成本。试验设计了两套小试微滤膜系统,将膜反洗水经过预处理后按1∶9比例与滦河水混合作为一套小试膜系统进水,另外一套小试膜系统处理滦河水。试验考察了两种预处理方式对于混配水膜系统的出水水质及膜污染的影响。结果表明,在膜反洗水中投加混凝剂和粉末活性炭（PAC）后,相对仅投加混凝剂的预处理方式,混配水系统的出水水质得到改善,UV₂₅₄和COD_Mn的去除率分别提高了9%和6.3%,预处理方式对于混配水系统出水浊度没有影响,比通量衰减速率降低了16.6%。在反洗水经混凝和PAC吸附后,混配水和滦河水系统出水水质与膜污染状况未见显著差异。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。