具有充气飞行时间探测器的AMS测量^36CI

为能实现同量异位素^36S和^36CI的高灵敏AMS测量，仔细分析了^36S和^36CI在P10(90％Ar 10％CH4)气体中的飞行时间差与入射能量、工作气压及射程的关系。在72MeV的入射能量下，得到了系统在不充气时的时间分辨(FWHM)为800ps。随着工作气压的升高，离子在气体中的时间离散相应增加。图1是在不同工作气压下实验测得的工作气压引起的时间离散。     

光电倍增管倍增极信号定时性能的研究

介绍一种从光电倍增管倍增极引出快信号的电路。分析了信号的产生机理,研究了它的定时性能。使用两支Philips XP2020Q光电倍增管,与BaF2闪烁体组成时问谱仪探头,从D9倍增极引出快信号,在使用Ortec935恒比定时和Ortec567时幅转换的条件下,测量^60Co的瞬发时间谱,在2：1能窗下得到FWHM=138ps的时间分辨。表明,此方法明显改善了谱仪的时间分辨性能。     

A New Type of Cascading Synchronization for Halo-chaos and Its Potential for Communication Applications

在以前的工作中发现，由于探测器的时间分辨能力不够，不能很好地鉴别^36S和^36Cl。本工作于2004年对系统进行了2个方面的改进：停止时间探测器采用低电阻率的金硅面垒探测器；入射窗Mylar膜厚度减小为0．9μm，以使离子在入射窗中的能量损失和能量离散尽可能低。     

重离子飞行时间谱仪

为配合HIRFL进行重离子核物理研究,我们建造了集质量、电荷鉴别及能量为一体的重离子飞行时间谱仪实验终端,该终端主要由一φ600mm的靶室,长度为0.5～3m(每0.5m可调)的飞行管道以及探测系统组成。质量鉴别由TOF方法来完成,所用的探测器组合时间分辨,对~(252)Cf源α粒子为200ps。利用ΔE-E探测器望远镜或BCS探测器进行产物的电荷鉴别。     

BaF2正电子寿命谱仪时间分辨率的改进

介绍了不同材料,不同形状的封装对BaF2晶体光收集的影响。使用聚四氟乙烯薄膜对BaF2晶体作伞状封装,光收集效果较好,在此条件下,常规正电子湮灭寿命谱仪的时间分辨率在^22Na能窗下达到180ps。     

高浓铀年龄的测定

基于高浓铀中^235U的衰变子体^231Pa的数量随时间而增加,且在一定时间内与高浓铀年龄有很好的线性关系这一原理,用溶剂萃取法从高浓铀中分离出^231Pa,回收率达到67．1％以上;用高纯Geγ谱仪测量^235U,用α谱仪测量^231Pa,并分别计算出^235U和^231Pa的含量,由此推算出高浓铀的年龄,其结果的不确定度为8％。     

余核飞行与ΔE—E望远镜双鉴别系统

设计和测试了一套在重离子熔合反应中同时测量蒸发剩余核的质量和电荷的飞行时间谱仪和ΔE-E望远镜双鉴别系统。实验结果表明,该系统对粒子的鉴别能力,Z分辨率好于25,质量分辨可达45。     

充气飞行时间探测方法分析

本工作涉及充气飞行时间探测器的工作原理和实验测量结果。在不同能量(64、48和33MeV)下，利用充气飞行时间探测方法对同量异位素³⁶S和³⁶Cl进行鉴别，并与用传统的ΔE－E方法在相同能量下的鉴别结果进行比较。实验结果表明，在入射能量较高（E_i＞40MeV）时，ΔE－E法的鉴别能力比充气飞行时间法的稍好些；在E_i＜40MeV时，充气飞行时间法的鉴别能力比ΔE－E法的好，入射能量为20～40MeV时，充气飞行时间法能明显将³⁶S和³⁶Cl区分出来。     

基于塑料闪烁探测器的飞行时间系统

为有效鉴别、监督在北京HI-13串列加速器的次级放射性核束装置上的次级束并确定其能量，研制并建立了一套基于塑料闪烁探测器的飞行时间系统。本工作结合^1H（^17F，p）^17F的厚靶实验对新建立的飞行时间系统进行测试。     

GDB-49型光电倍增管在正电子寿命测量中的应用

正电子湮没是近十几年发展起来的一种新实验技术。它通过探测正电子与电子的湮没辐射来研究物质的微观结构。由于正电子在凝聚态物质中的寿命仅在100—500ps之间,因此对正电子时间谱仪的时间分辨率要求较高。目前国际上能得到的商品仪器的时间分辨率(FWHM)约300ps。在时间谱仪中,当恒比定时甄别器确定以后,探头往往是影响时间分辨率的关键部件。目前进口的时间谱仪中有相当一部分是CANBERRA公司生产的产品,该谱仪探头效率低且时间分辨率大多在350ps左右。因此,探讨用国产元件组装探头,将为改造引进设备和自制时间谱仪提供经验。     

3 MV加速器质谱测量36Cl

在端电压为3 MV的AMS装置上实现³⁶Cl及其他中重核素的高灵敏测量是AMS技术发展的重要方向之一。为进一步提高充气飞行时间探测方法中³⁶S的压低能力,本文研究了³⁶S和³⁶Cl在P10、异丁烷和丙烷气体中的能量歧离和角度歧离。在32 MeV的入射能量下测量了几个地下水样品中³⁶Cl的[JP2]含量,测量结果与72 MeV能量下的测量结果相符。测量结果表明,采用充气飞行时间探测方法在3 MV的串列加速器上测量³⁶Cl时,探测限为³⁶Cl/Cl≈10^-14,当样品中³⁶Cl/Cl≈10^-13时测量不确定度为30%。     

一种新型气体探测器的研制

加速器质谱(accelerator mass spectrometry,AMS)技术因探测对象不同,探测器也应根据需要进行选择。为建立低能量重离子加速器质谱测量技术,本文设计制作一台新型气体探测器并调试应用。该探测器采用厚度50 nm,膜面积8 mm×8 mm的氮化硅膜作为入射窗。采用5.48 MeV的241Am源的α粒子对探测器进行调试,调试后将该探测器安装于中国原子能科学研究院的300 kV小型AMS系统上进行129I粒子测量。经模拟计算以及对探测器的调试、应用,证明该探测器具有较高的能量分辨率,可以很好的实现不同粒子的鉴别,同时测量灵敏度可达到10^-13国际水平,满足低能量重离子的测量要求。     

气泡中子探测器用于个人剂量监测

气泡中子探测器是可重复使用、积分型、无源剂量计。它的体积小,可对中子辐射进行直接、可视的测量。为了将气泡中子探测器用在个人剂量监测中,先验证气泡中子探测器对从0．2～15MeV能量的中子具有平直的能量响应。然后用5．10和1．3MeV的中子考察了气泡中子探测器的线性及其稳定性。     

The AMS measurement of 236U at CIRCE

Accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an ultrasensitive technique for measuring long-lived actinides,e.g.,~(236)U,~(237)Np and Pu isotopes.In order to improve the detection limit for actinides abundance,and to increase the detection efficiency in actinides AMS measurement,a 16-strip silicon detector was used to identify actinides at the Center for Isotopic Research on Cultural and Environmental heritage in Caserta,Italy.The sensitivity of ~(236)U/~(238)U was 1×10~(-11) by special resolution and 5.0×10~(-12) by time resolution.The pulse height defect of~(236)U in an ion-implanted silicon detector in the low-energy range with 17.26 MeV is presented.     

用于粒子鉴别的布喇格曲线谱学探测器

在重离子反应中,气体电离室广泛地用于离子鉴别,这是由于它制造简单、成本低、便于维护,特别是可设计成不同长度,厚度均匀,相对于半导体探测器而言还有附加的优点,如无辐照损伤、无脉冲幅度亏损等。这类电离室通常有阳极、阴极和栅极三个电极,所施加的电场是平行于入射粒子轨迹的。     

Improved 36Cl AMS at 5 MV

Small changes to our ion source and gas ionization detector have significantly improved Cl measurement by reducing source memory and increasing interference rejection. Gas stripped low energy 30 MeV ³⁶Cl⁵⁺ ions are still efficiently transported to the detector but ³⁶S vs. ³⁶Cl separation is improved by an order of magnitude. Accordingly ³⁶Cl/Cl background is <10^?15 before additional interference correction that is also newly automated. ³⁵Cl^? currents have increased to 30 μA and ³⁶Cl/Cl inter-cathode repeatability is 3%.     

A mathematical method to calculate efficiency of BF3 detectors

In order to calculate absolute efficiency of the BF3 detector, MCNP/4C code is applied to calculate rela-tive efficiency of the BF3 detector first, and then absolute efficiency is figured out through mathematical techniques. Finally an energy response curve of the BF3 detector for 1~20 MeV neutrons is derived. It turns out that efficiency of BF3 detector are relatively uniform for 2~16 MeV neutrons.     

The cross section for the K(n,p)Ar reaction between 14.2 and 17.2 MeV

Activation techniques have been used to measure the cross section for the ⁴¹K(n,p)⁴¹Ar reaction between 14.2 and 17.2 MeV. Neutrons were produced by the ³H(d,n)⁴He reaction, and the mixed-power method was used to measure the neutron flux through the ²⁷Al(n,)²⁴Na reaction. The activated samples were counted for the 1294 keV, 1.827 h γ-activity of ⁴¹Ar and the 1369 keV, 15.03 h γ-activity of ²⁴Na using a 16% Ge(Li) detector and a 4096-channel analyzer. The cross sections for the ⁴¹K(n,p)⁴¹Ar reaction using the mixed-power method were found to be 53 ± 3 mbarn at 14.2 ± 0.2 MeV, 47 ± 3 mbarn at 15.2 ± 0.2 MeV, 41 ± 3 mbarn at 16.2 ± 0.2 MeV and 36 ± 4 mbarn at 17.2 ± 0.2 MeV. The associated-particle method was also used for measuring the neutron flux in order to check the mixed-powder result at 14.2 MeV. The average cross section for three associated-particle runs at 14.2 MeV was found to be 50 ± 3 mbarn which, within experimental error, agrees with the mixed-powder value.     

Response Functions of Phoswich-Type Neutron Detector for High-Energy Cosmic Ray Neutron Measurement

A phoswich-type neutron detector was developed in order to measure high-energy cosmic ray neutron spectra in aircraft. The neutron detector consists of an EJ309 organic liquid scintillator that is 121.7mm in diameter and 121.7mm in length and is covered with a 15mm thick EJ299-13 outer plastic scintillator. The neutron response functions of the detector are required for the unfolding method to obtain the energy spectrum. The neutron response functions were created based on MCNPX simulations using an anticoincidence mode with the experimental light-output correlations with particle energies, uniformity of light collection and energy resolutions. The light-output correlation with particle energy, the uniformity of light collection and the energy resolutions were evaluated based on experiments. Measurements of neutron response functions were performed using four quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams from 40 to 80 MeV p-Li reactions to verify the calculated results. The calculated response functions show good agreement with the measurements. The angular response of the phoswich detector was confirmed to be isotropic from the calculation. The photon response functions of the detector were also calculated and agreed well with the measurements for 6.129MeV photons. Neutron and photon response matrices were created up to 300 and 50 MeV, respectively, over a wide energy range for experimental flights.