中能重离子在位置灵敏CsI(T1)探测器中能损与光输出响应的关系

描述了一种双维位置灵敏CsI(T1)探测器的结构及其读出系统,用中能次级束研究其能损与光输出关系.使用Bp+(△E-TOF)方法鉴别次级束,刻度了CsI(T1)探测器位置信号的线性,并用其光输出与入射粒子的A、Z关系刻度其能量.结果表明,CsI(T1)探测器输出信号的ADC读出与QDC读出(即其光输出)有很好的线性关系.     

ΔE-E望远镜在~9C碎裂反应上的应用

为研究9 C的晕核结构,一套ΔE-E望远镜探测器应用在兰州放射性次级束流线(RIBLL)上进行的9 C碎裂反应实验中,用来测量反应中产生的碎片。为解决ΔE-E望远镜中硅条的干扰问题及硅条和CsI的能量刻度,利用硅条的感应信号对重离子在硅条上产生的饱和信号进行能量刻度,并通过模拟程序与事例得到的刻度点对CsI(Tl)晶体进行能量刻度。同时使用在硅条和CsI(Tl)晶体上的位置信息对反应物径迹进行重建,从而得到同一离子在硅条与CsI(Tl)晶体上信号的符合,并得到了最终的有效物理事件。     

研制一个用于研究（中子,带电粒子）反应的望远镜系统

文章讨论了一个研究(中子,带电粒子)反应双微分截面多路望远镜系统中△E和E探测器的选择、制作、刻度及性能测试。对CsI(Tl)探测器的非线性能量响应关系进行了精心刻度。研制的CsI(Tl)探测器,其性能达到国外同类装置的水平。     

CsI(Tl)探测器对带电粒子能量响应的入射位置依赖关系

在放射性核束物理的实验研究中,通常采用CsI(Tl)探测器对反应产物中的带电粒子进行总能量测量.使用GEANT4软件对CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器能量响应通进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,在考虑了晶体外表面包覆材料反射率、耦合光敏二极管面积、射程等影响因素后,重点研究了CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器对带电粒子能量响应的入射位置依赖关系....     

自制CsI(Tl)晶体的光输出非均匀性

实验测试了中国科学院近代物理研究所制备的9根大尺寸闪烁晶体样品(40mm×40mm×300mm)的光输出及其非均匀性。使用了多种光反射材料和包装方法对样品进行包装,对其光输出及其非均匀性进行测试。对实验数据进行分析,确定了大尺寸晶体的最佳读出端和包装方法。在测试中,所有CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体样品的光输出非均匀性均好于7%,部分样品可达到2%左右。结合本次实验结果,对影响CsI(Tl)晶体光输出非均匀性的因素进行了简要分析。     

CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器读出电路设计

介绍了配置于新型γ能谱仪的CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器的读出电路设计。输入缓冲级采用折叠嵌位电路,改善了系统频率特性并提高了输入阻抗;放大级采用自举电路,改善了系统动态性能并提高了开环增益;输出级采用电流源负载电路,改善了输出信号的线性度并增强了系统的稳定性。实验表明:读出电路噪声为51.08 f C+1.97 f C/p F,时间漂移为0.112%,探头对137Cs源γ射线的输出信号信噪比可达23:1,能量分辨率可达4.98%。     

CsI(Tl)晶体探测WIMP实验中反冲核与电子信号的甄别(英文)

研究了CsI(Tl)晶体探测器中反冲核信号与电子信号的甄别能力。利用参数“tbar”来描述反冲核信号与电子信号两种脉冲波形的特性,并以此来甄别两种信号。对品质因子K的研究表明,脉冲甄别方法的甄别能力随反冲核信号与电子信号能量的降低而减弱。通过这一脉冲甄别方法,对于CsI(Tl)晶体探测器而言,可以区别反冲核信号与电子信号的最低的阈是25个光电子。     

CsI(Tl)晶体探测WIMP实验中反冲核与电子信号的甄别

研究了CsI(Tl)晶体探测器中反冲核信号与电子信号的甄别能力.利用参数"tbar"来描述反冲核信号与电子信号两种脉冲波形的特性,并以此来甄别两种信号.对品质因子K的研究表明,脉冲甄别方法的甄别能力随反冲核信号与电子信号能量的降低而减弱.通过这一脉冲甄别方法,对于CsI(Tl)晶体探测器而言,可以区别反冲核信号与电子信号的最低的阈是25个光电子.     

自制CsI(Tl)晶体的能量测量性能

本文介绍了近代物理研究所自行生长的CsI(Tl)晶体用于γ射线及重离子能量测量的结果。测量662keVγ射线时得到好于10%的能量分辨(采用光电倍增管读出),同时光输出可达到同类型晶体的130%;测量能量为30MeV/u左右的重离子时得到好于2%的能量分辨(采用光二极管读出)。     

无机闪烁探测器综述

主要介绍了无机闪烁探测器的发展和现状.包括对常用无机闪烁晶体NaI(Tl)、CsI(Na)、CsI(Tl)、CsI(Pure)、BaF2、BGO、CdWO4、GSO:Ce和YAP:Ce等的密度、等效原子序数、衰减时间、光输出、发射光谱、能量分辨率、温度特性、辐射性能、加工性能等方面的介绍,以及对Ce3 掺杂的新型闪烁体的特性及发展前景的介绍.旨在为读者选择、使用无机闪烁晶体提供一份参考.     

Atomic energy and energy security

The results of analytical investigations of the dynamics of world energy consumption, which were performed on the basis of a mathematical analysis of series of statistical data on the consumption of primary energy in the world, are presented. The main trends characteristic for the present stage of development of world energy production are determined. It is shown that for any forecasts new energy sources and, first and foremost, atomic energy, will have to be put into active use in the near future. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 101, No. 4, pp. 247–254, October, 2006.     

Measurement of mean excitation energy by energy loss

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Roles of nuclear energy in Japan's future energy systems

The roles of nuclear energy in Japan's future energy systems were analyzed from the viewpoint of securing stable energy supply and reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. The MARKAL model, developed in the Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP) of the IEA, was used for establishing several energy scenarios with different assumptions on the availability of nuclear energy, natural gas, and a CO₂ disposal option. Nuclear energy was assumed to apply for synthetic fuel production as well as for conventional electric power generation. By comparing the CO₂ emission and system costs between these energy scenarios, following results were obtained. Without nuclear energy, the CO₂ emissions will hardly be reduced because of substantial increases in coal utilization. CO₂ disposal will be effective in reducing the emissions, however at much higher costs than the case with nuclear energy. The expansion of natural gas imports, if alone, will not reduce the emissions at enough low levels.     

Requirements for nuclear energy in the 21st century nuclear energy as a sustainable energy source

Nuclear energy must compete against other energy technologies in the 21st century. It must be economical and it must be proven that it fulfills the conditions for sutainability. This means that the requirements of — no short term depletion of resources — extremely low emission of noxious or radioactive substances to the environment — extremely low release of radioactivity from a nuclear plant in case of the most severe accidents and — the present very long term problem of high active waste must be transformed into a few hundred years problem through destruction of plutonium, transmutation of the minor actinides and the most important very long lived fission products.     

Direct energy generation and energy conservation in radiation shielding facilities

In this paper, the experimental and theoretical calculation of direct heat generation from the penetration of 6.20 MeV photons energy through double layer combinations of concrete (Al), steel (Fe) and lead (Pb) shields is described. The results are displayed in curves to show the distribution of heat generation in the shield thickness. The results show good agreement between the measured and calculated values and show also that the heat generation has its maximum value in the first layer of the shield thickness.     

能源的需求与核能的未来

石油和天然气可维持人类对能源需要的时间是暂短的,煤储量虽较为丰富,但对环境的污染严重.核能是相对干净的能源,但现有的裂变核能源主要是消耗占天然铀中0.72%的235U,受到铀资源不足的严重制约.聚变能作为能源的利用,还有相当的距离.利用平衡燃料成分反应堆的概念,设计一种可充分利用铀、钍资源,处理高放废物,又可防核扩散的新型快堆的可能途径.介绍了国外类似研究工作的进展和动态.     

Calculation of proton energy losses in the intermediate energy region

Various binary encounter theories for calculation of proton stopping powers are analysed. It is shown that the influence of the Pauli principle on each electron shell contribution becomes important if the projectile velocity v₁ is of the same order as the considered electron orbital velocity v₂. For projectile velocities much greater and much lower than the electron orbital velocity its influence may be neglected. Furthermore, the effect of electron velocity distribution on the stopping power calculations is considered.     

Thermionic energy transformers

The question of direct transformation of nuclear energy into electricity by thermionic methods is discussed. A comparison is made of the properties of various materials, containing fissionable matter, and at the same time having good thermoemissive properties. Results are given of transformation experiments in the active zone of a reactor. The experiments have shown that in the course of operation, a transformer filled with inert gas is converted into a cesium plasma diode. This eliminates the necessity of introducing cesium vapor into the transformer. In addition, it becomes possible to pump out the gases during operation, which prolongs the useful life and improves the thermionic properties of the transformer.