中能重离子在位置灵敏CsI(T1)探测器中能损与光输出响应的关系

描述了一种双维位置灵敏CsI(T1)探测器的结构及其读出系统,用中能次级束研究其能损与光输出关系.使用Bp+(△E-TOF)方法鉴别次级束,刻度了CsI(T1)探测器位置信号的线性,并用其光输出与入射粒子的A、Z关系刻度其能量.结果表明,CsI(T1)探测器输出信号的ADC读出与QDC读出(即其光输出)有很好的线性关系.     

CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器读出电路设计

介绍了配置于新型γ能谱仪的CsI(Tl)闪烁探测器的读出电路设计。输入缓冲级采用折叠嵌位电路,改善了系统频率特性并提高了输入阻抗;放大级采用自举电路,改善了系统动态性能并提高了开环增益;输出级采用电流源负载电路,改善了输出信号的线性度并增强了系统的稳定性。实验表明:读出电路噪声为51.08 f C+1.97 f C/p F,时间漂移为0.112%,探头对137Cs源γ射线的输出信号信噪比可达23:1,能量分辨率可达4.98%。     

CsI(Tl)探测器对带电粒子能量响应的入射位置依赖关系

在放射性核束物理的实验研究中,通常采用CsI(Tl)探测器对反应产物中的带电粒子进行总能量测量.使用GEANT4软件对CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器能量响应通进行了蒙特卡罗模拟,在考虑了晶体外表面包覆材料反射率、耦合光敏二极管面积、射程等影响因素后,重点研究了CsI(Tl)闪烁体探测器对带电粒子能量响应的入射位置依赖关系....     

自制CsI(Tl)晶体的能量测量性能

本文介绍了近代物理研究所自行生长的CsI(Tl)晶体用于γ射线及重离子能量测量的结果。测量662keVγ射线时得到好于10%的能量分辨(采用光电倍增管读出),同时光输出可达到同类型晶体的130%;测量能量为30MeV/u左右的重离子时得到好于2%的能量分辨(采用光二极管读出)。     

自制CsI(Tl)晶体的光输出非均匀性

实验测试了中国科学院近代物理研究所制备的9根大尺寸闪烁晶体样品(40mm×40mm×300mm)的光输出及其非均匀性。使用了多种光反射材料和包装方法对样品进行包装,对其光输出及其非均匀性进行测试。对实验数据进行分析,确定了大尺寸晶体的最佳读出端和包装方法。在测试中,所有CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体样品的光输出非均匀性均好于7%,部分样品可达到2%左右。结合本次实验结果,对影响CsI(Tl)晶体光输出非均匀性的因素进行了简要分析。     

CSR外靶实验终端中CsI（Tl）晶体的测试

为测量重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL-CSR）的外靶实验终端上不同能量的γ射线,一种用于探测γ射线的高能量分辨的探测装置正在中国科学院近代物理研究所建设,该探测器由中国科学院近代物理研究所自行生长的铊激活的碘化铯CsI（Tl）晶体组成。与日本Hamamatsu公司生产的S8664-1010型雪崩光二极管（APD）耦合,测试其光输出的非均匀性和能量分辨,从测试结果给出了所需CsI（Tl）晶体合格的标准。目前已完成该γ探测球计划的六分之一,所提供的晶体合格率达94%以上。     

半导体探测器的厚度确定及CsI(Tl)的刻度

根据核反应过程中发射带电粒子在硅半导体中的最大能量沉积,利用带电粒子在硅半导体中的阻止本领曲线,同时实现半导体探测器的厚度确定及与之组合的CsI(Tl）的刻度。     

非真空坩埚下降法生长CsI(Tl)晶体的闪烁性能

研究了用非真空铂坩埚下降法生长的CsI(Tl)晶体的在紫外和γ射线激发下的光致发光和光衰减特征,探索了CsI(Tl)晶体的发光强度和发光不均匀性与Tl离子含量和分布之间的关系以及改善晶体发光均匀性的措施.并对CsI(Tl)晶体在γ射线辐照下光输出随积分时间和辐照剂量的变化做了分析和讨论.实验表明,用这种方法所生长的CsI(Tl)晶体的发射波长、衰减时间和辐照硬度与其他方法生长的同类晶体相同.     

CsI（Tl）晶体发光均匀性对能量线性和分辨率的影响及修正方法的研究

本文研究了CsI（TL）晶体发光输出不均匀性对能量分辨率以及能量线性的影响,并在假设晶体均匀性已知情况下探讨了修正能量分辨率和线性的可行性。     

高温气冷堆球流检测系统中CsI(Tl)探测器温度影响研究

为保证球床式高温气冷堆（PB-HTGR）球流检测系统投影数据获取过程中输出信号的稳定性,需对探测模块输出暗电流的稳定性进行分析。本文随机选取了2组CsI(Tl)探测器模块作为研究对象,并专门设计了温度及暗电流的控制和测量装置,分析了模块暗电流的输出特性及其控制要求。实验结果表明：各探测单元输出暗电流随温度的变化呈近似指数变化,且室温下温度波动±2 ℃时第32路单元的暗电流波动达8 pA。因此需对探测系统进行温度控制,同时分析实验数据并结合暗电流稳定性的控制要求,提出检测系统的最佳温控范围为（18~22） ℃,对应的温控精度为（±0.92~±0.21） ℃。     

Radiation damage in undoped CsI and CsI (Tl)

Radiation damage in undoped CsI and CsI(Tl) crystals using ⁶⁰ Co gamma radiation for doses up to ~4.2×10⁶ has been studied. Samples from various manufacturers were measured, ranging in size from 2.54-cm-long cylinders to a 30-cm-long block. Measurements were made on the change in optical transmission and scintillation light output as a function of dose. Although some samples showed a small change in transmission, a significant change in light output was observed for all samples. Recovery from damage was also studied as a function of time and exposure to UV light. A short-lived phosphorescence was observed in undoped CsI, similar to the phosphorescence seen in CsI(Tl)     

大面积位置灵敏中低能中子谱仪的时间刻度系统的研究

在利用飞行时间法测量中子位置和能量的大面积位置灵敏中子谱仪的研制过程中,提出了利用“绝对时间差”刻度的方法来测量各个电子学的相对时间,系统研究了对光电倍增管时间分辨影响的因素,其中包括光源的种类、光源的发光时间等,并得到使光电倍增管的时间分辨达到最佳60ps的实验条件。     

The Response of CsI(Tl) to Energy Degraded Fission Fragments

The scintillation response of a CsI(Tl) crystal to energy degraded fission fragments derived from a 252Cf spontaneous fission source has been measured over the energy ranges 34-51 MeV (heavy fragment) and 42-74 MeV (light fragment). The response to ?-ray induced electrons and to ?-particles was also measured for comparison purposes. The results indicate that the scintillation response for these particles is a monotonically decreasing function of specific energy loss.     

The Fluorescent Decay of CsI(Tl) Excited by Charged Particles

The fluorescence from a CsI(0.08% Tl) scintillator excited by charged particles which come to a stop within the scintillator has been measured for alpha particles, deuterons, and protons. In the region 0.1 to 0.6 microseconds after its initial rise, the fluorescent decay can be accurately described by a simple exponential. The characteristic time for this exponential decay has been measured at several energies up to 28.7 MeV for a particles and 7.2 MeV for protons. We have found a linear relationship between this decay time and the logarithm of the particle energy, ? = k ln E + ?o, where k and ?o are constants which are characteristic of the type of stopping particle.     

Scintillation Characteristics of Thin NaI(Tl) and CsI (Tl) Layers Fabricated by Vacuum Deposition

The scintillation characteristics of thin vacuum-deposited layers of NaI (Tl) and CsI (Tl) were investigated. Scintillation layers with thicknesses ranging from 0.2 to 20 mg/cm2 were evaluated as detectors with 6- and 22-keV x rays. In this energy region they were found to be comparable in performance to the thicker, commercially available NaI (Tl) and CsI (Tl) scintillation crystals. Fabrication methods, scintillator evaluation techniques, and applications in selective low-energy x-ray detection will be reported.     

Toward real-time digital pulse process algorithms for CsI(Tl) detector array at external target facility in HIRFL-CSR

A fully digital data acquisition system based on a field-programmable gate array(FPGA) was developed for a CsI(Tl) array at the external target facility(ETF) in the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL). To process the CsI(Tl) signals generated by γ-rays and light-charged ions, a scheme for digital pulse processing algorithms is proposed. Every step in the algorithms was benchmarked using standard γ and α sources. The scheme, which included a moving average filter, baseline restoration, ...     

Channeling of low energy light and heavy ions in single-wall nanotubes

The Monte Carlo simulation program has been used to study low energy channeling in the single-wall nanotube and its rope, in comparisons between beam sizes and between light (He) and heavy (Ar) ions. The simulation mainly shows that the critical angle Ψ_C = 48 E^−1/2 (E is incident energy) for the He (light) ion channeling but Ψ_C = 18 E^−1/2 for the Ar (heavy) ion channeling, in the (17,0) zigzag single-wall nanotube. Thus, it might be found in the simulation that Ψ_C strongly depends on the ion mass.