A novel polarization splitter based on three-core photonic crystal fibers

A novel polarization splitter based on photonic crystal fibers(PCFs) with three cores of high birefringence is proposed.The 45o linearly polarized light is launched into a core.After a coupling length(about 1500 μm),the xand y-polarized light beams are separated into different cores.When the light is launched into another core,the xand y-polarized light from different cores can be obtained and the degree of separation can be also adjusted.The polarization splitter is highly flexible and adjustable.The lengt...     

基于液体选择填充光子晶体光纤的波分解复用器研究

设计了一种基于液体选择填充三芯光子晶体光纤的1.31/1.55um波分解复用器。中间为缺失一个空气孔的普通二氧化硅纤芯,左右两纤芯填充了不同折射率的液体材料。根据光纤的消逝场耦合的模式理论,不对称相邻波导存在波长相关耦合。不同填充折射率的两纤芯与中间纤芯分别耦合,构成两个不同响应波长的光滤波器。通过选择合适光纤长度,可实现不同波长光的分离。采用全矢量有限元法分析了光纤的传输特性,讨论了填充不同折射率液体时波导间的模式耦合,得到了其匹配波长与耦合长度。基于光束传播法仿真发现,长度为4.88 mm的光纤能实现1.31/1.55 um波长光的解复用。     

An efficient approach for calculating the dispersions of photonic-crystal fibers: design of the nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion

A novel and efficient approach is proposed to calculate the dispersions of the guided modes of the photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs). Based on the vector boundary-element method (VBEM), the surface integral equations for the first and second derivatives of the propagation constants with respect to the wavelength are explicitly derived. Compared with the three-point finite-difference approach, which needs to solve and search three effective indexes near the interested wavelength, this approach can determine the dispersions of the PCFs by only solving one effective index at this wavelength based on the derived formulations. This novel approach saves over 60% computing time without losing the accuracy. Based on this approach, a novel four-ring PCF is designed by optimizing only three geometrical parameters to achieve the nearly zero ultra-flattened dispersion property. Compared with previously presented dispersion-flattened PCFs, the design procedure for the four-ring structure could be more efficient and easier because relatively lesser parameters need to be optimized.     

Large-solid-core square-lattice photonic crystal fibers

A large-solid-core fiber design comprised by omitting nine air-holes at the center of square-lattice photonic crystal is investigated for the constant air-hole diameter and for the constant pitch length of air-holes. The fiber characteristics are calculated for both structures, and the results are compared. In the calculations, the plane-wave expansion method is used for effective indices, and we utilized the step-index fiber and Gaussian mode profile approximations for obtaining the effective V-number and the effective mode area respectively.     

Single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fibers

A new structure of single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed and analyzed by using a full-vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly matched layers. From the numerical results it is confirmed that the proposed fiber is low-loss SPSM-PCF within the wavelengths ranging from 1.48 to 1.6 /spl mu/m, where only the slow-axis mode exists and the confinement loss is less than 0.1 dB/km.     

光子晶体光纤研究

光子晶体光纤以其灵活的结构设计和高非线性、平坦色散、高双折射等独特光学特性吸引了越来越多的关注.简单介绍了光子晶体光纤的分类,导光机理,详细讨论了其相关光学特性,最后介绍了光子晶体光纤的研究进展.     

Design of photonic crystal fibers for dispersion-related applications

A general procedure for design of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with desirable dispersion properties is presented. The design model is based on the combination of a rigorous vector mode solver and a scaling transformation for the dispersion properties of the PCFs. In comparison with the conventional design method, the new design procedure is more efficient and can be readily automated for the purpose of design optimization. Several applications of the design procedure, e.g., the design optimization for dispersion shifted fibers, dispersion flattened fibers, and dispersion compensation fibers, are demonstrated and discussed.     

光子晶体光纤的传输性能

文章首先提出了石英玻璃单模光纤在高速率、大容量和远距离光纤通信中应用时存在的问题,然后在介绍光子晶体光纤的结构特点、导光机理的基础上,简要地阐述了光子晶体光纤的研究历史和最新研究成果;最后综述了光子晶体光纤的衰减、色散和非线性效应等传输性能.     

Numerical modeling of photonic crystal fibers

Recent progress on numerical modeling methods for photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) such as the effective index approach, basis-function expansion approach, and numerical approach is described. An index-guiding PCF with an array of air holes surrounding the silica core region has special characteristics compared with conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs). Using a full modal vector model, the fundamental characteristics of PCFs such as cutoff wavelength, confinement loss, modal birefringence, and chromatic dispersion are numerically investigated.     

Highly birefringent index-guiding photonic crystal fibers

Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) offer new possibilities of realizing highly birefringent fibers due to a higher intrinsic index contrast compared to conventional fibers. In this letter, we analyze theoretically the levels of birefringence that can be expected using relatively simple PCF designs. While extremely high degrees of birefringence may be obtained for the fibers, we demonstrate that careful design with respect to multimode behavior must be performed. We further discuss the cutoff properties of birefringent PCFs and present experimental results in agreement with theoretical predictions on both single- and multimode behavior and on levels of birefringence     

光子晶体光纤数值孔径测试的一种新方法

应用光谱仪测量光子晶体光纤(PCF)的数值孔径(NA),不仅克服了传统法只能测量几个固定波长下NA的局限性,还可以对PCF与波长有关的模场面积、截止波长等参数进行研究。实验测量结果与理论计算值进行了比较,取得了满意结果。由测得的NA计算PCF的模场面积,与多极法模拟结果一致性较好。给出了NA与截止波长的关系。     

空芯光子晶体光纤导波模式特性分析

采用平面波展开法研究了空芯光子晶体光纤(HC-PCF)的导波模式特性。结果表明,在包层带隙范围内,当导波模的纵向相位传播常数 满足一定条件时,才能在HC-PCF纤芯中形成稳定的基模传输;并且,纤芯基模的模场分布与光波长有关,当光波长位于纤芯基模传输曲线中央时,光波能量被很好地约束在纤芯中,而当光波长位于纤芯基模传输曲线的上下边沿时,光波能量将向包层中漏泄。     

掺铒光子晶体光纤非线性的研究

为了研究光子晶体光纤的纤芯中掺稀土离子Er3+后对其非线性系数的影响,采用全矢量等效折射率模型的方法,通过对空气孔半径r、空气孔间距Λ、等效纤芯的折射率n和空气填充率等结构参量的调节,对非线性系数随这些参量的变化进行了数值计算和讨论,得到了结构参量对非线性的影响及其变化规律。结果表明,在光子晶体光纤的纤芯中掺稀土离子Er3+,可以提高光子晶体光纤的非线性;通过调节结构参量,可以灵活地调整掺铒光子晶体光纤的非线性,从而能够得到更具实用价值的光子晶体光纤。     

Numerical aperture of single-mode photonic crystal fibers

We consider the problem of radiation into free space from the end-facet of a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF). We calculate the numerical aperture NA = sin /spl theta/ from the half-divergence angle /spl theta/ /spl sim/ tan/sup -1/ (/spl lambda///spl pi//spl omega/) with /spl pi//spl omega//sup 2/ being the effective area of the mode in the PCF. For the fiber first presented by Knight et al. (1996), we find a NA /spl sim/ 0.07 which compares to standard fiber technology. We also study the effect of different hole sizes and demonstrate that the PCF technology provides a large freedom for NA engineering. Comparing to experiments we find good agreement.     

Polarization-dependent coupling in twin-core photonic crystal fibers

The polarization dependence of light coupling in photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with sixfold symmetric dual cores and highly birefringent dual cores are numerically investigated. The characteristics of PCF-based couplers, such as coupling length, extinction ratio and form birefringence, are examined as functions of the air-hole size and pitch. The silica bridges between air holes take an important role in the energy transfer across the two cores. We believe that the mechanism of light coupling in PCF-based couplers is different from that of conventional waveguide couplers. The polarization dependent coupling can be reduced by adjusting the air holes around the cores of PCFs. On the other hand, the polarization dependent coupling can be enhanced by introducing high birefringence in the two cores.     

Experimental investigation of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with five photonic band-gaps

The hollow-core photonic crystal fibers(HC-PCFs) with integrity structure have been fabricated with an improved twice stack-and-draw technique.The transmission spectrum shows that five photonic band-gaps within 450-1100 nm have been obtained.And the green light transmission in the HC-PCFs has been observed remarkably.     

Experimental investigation of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers with five photonic band-gaps

The hollow-core photonic crystal fibers （HC-PCFs） with integrity structure have been fabricated with an improved twice stack-and-draw technique. The transmission spectrum shows that five photonic band-gaps within 450-1100 nm have been obtained.And the green fight transmission in the HC-PCFs has been observed remarkably.     

A novel highly negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber

Based on the full-vector finite element method,a novel structure of highly negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber with the central index dip in the low germanium doped core is proposed.The highly negative dispersion can be obtained at the wavelength of 1.55 μm by adjusting the pitch,the air-hole diameter in the third ring,the germanium doped concentration and the influence of central index dip.     

光子晶体光纤的色散特性分析

为了探讨靠近纤芯区域的第1层、第2层和第3层空气孔的直径对光子晶体光纤色散特性的影响,采用有限元法进行了理论分析.结果表明,适当调节第1层、第2层和第3层空气孔的直径,可以使零色散点在1100nm-1800nm之间的任何位置上移动.还可以设计在1270nm～1800nm较宽的波长范围内接近零色散的色散平坦光子晶体光纤.这一结果对光子晶体光纤的设计具有重要的作用.