羟丙基淀粉合成过程取代度变化规律的研究

基于环氧丙烷的用量、反应时间和NaOH的用量对羟丙基淀粉合成过程产物取代度的变化趋势,建立了预测羟丙基淀粉取代度变化规律的数学经验模型,即DS=k1tk2ln(k3DN+1).结果表明:在本实验条件下,羟丙基淀粉取代度的实验值和模型预测值之间的相关系数(R2)为0.981 7,这说明该模型可以很好地预测合成羟丙基淀粉过程中取代度的变化规律.     

制备季铵型阳离子变性淀粉的方法及取代度的测定

介绍了季铵型阳离子变性淀粉黏度及其热稳定特性,以及阳离子淀粉与原甘薯淀粉黏度的变化,确定了制备阳离子淀粉的最佳反应条件为:控制反应体系的pH值为11,反应时间为5h,醚化剂用量为淀粉投料量的25%,反应温度为50℃。     

高取代度羧甲基淀粉的制备研究

研究了在非均相体系中,以玉米淀粉为原料,采用分步加碱法制备高取代度羧甲基淀粉的方法.经单因素试验,选取反应温度、反应时间、碱用量、甲醇浓度、液固比、一氯乙酸(一氯乙酸钠)用量等进行响应面试验,并得出获得高取代度羧甲基淀粉(CMS)的最佳实验条件为:nNaOH/nAGU(碱化时)为0.73,nClCH<,2COOH/nAGU为1.16,nNaOH/nAGU(醚化时)为0.27,反应温度为61℃,反应时间为3.2h,vCH<,3OH/wAGU为2.63,甲醇浓度为76.3%.经反应,制得的羧甲基淀粉的取代度0.482,粘度(浓度为2%)为21760mp·s.产品经红外光谱分析验证为羧甲基淀粉.     

高取代度柠檬酸酯淀粉制备研究

柠檬酸酯淀粉是一种具有抗性作用酯化变性淀粉,在国外广泛应用于面包、饼干及其它食品中,以改善食品品质。该研究以玉米淀粉为原料,采用酯化变性方法,在干法条件下制备高取代度柠檬酸酯淀粉,探讨反应时间、反应温度、pH值、柠檬酸浓度对淀粉酯化过程影响;并获得高取代度柠檬酸酯淀粉最佳实验条件为:反应时间7．4h、反应温度140℃、pH为2．51、柠檬酸浓度为43．16％,样品最高取代度可达0．1776。     

辐照作用对羟丙基玉米淀粉取代度的影响

γ-射线辐照技术是一种新型的物理加工处理方法,目前将辐照技术用于淀粉改性的研究是一新热点。为此以玉米淀粉为原料,考察了辐照剂量、淀粉乳浓度、环氧丙烷用量、NaOH用量、Na2SO4用量、反应温度和反应时间对其羟丙基化的影响,并通过正交实验获得了辐照法制备羟丙基玉米淀粉的最优工艺条件为:辐照剂量为7 kGy、环氧丙烷用量12%、淀粉浓度为45%、NaOH用量为1.0%,在该条件下于45℃反应8 h制备的羟丙基玉米淀粉的摩尔取代度(MS)为0.27。     

Determination of degree of substitution of carboxymethyl starch by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares

The degree of substitution (DS) markedly affects the properties of carboxymethyl starch (CMS). The conventional methods for the DS determination are time-consuming and not environment friendly. Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares (PLS) regression is applied to determine the DS of CMS in the present study. Calibration models with direct titration as the reference method were optimised by cross validation. A PLS regression model with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9593 and root-mean-square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 0.0141 was obtained in the spectral range from 500 to 4000 cm⁻¹. The prediction set gave a coefficient of determination (R²) and root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.9368 and 0.0228, respectively. The results obtained in this study indicate that FT-MIR spectroscopy can be used as an easy, rapid, and novel tool to quantitatively predict the DS of CMS.     

一种快速准确测定羧甲基淀粉取代度的方法

传统的络合滴定法测定羧甲基淀粉取代度(DS)时,存在耗时长,稳定性差,高取代度羧甲基淀粉测定效果差等问题。本文采用将过量CuSO4溶液加入pH6.0～7.0的变性淀粉溶液中,生成羧甲基淀粉铜沉淀,过滤除去沉淀,再调节pH至7.5～8.0后,采用1-2-吡啶偶氮-2-萘酚(PAN)为指示剂,用EDTA标准溶液滴定过量的Cu2 的方法来测定羧甲基淀粉的DS。该法简便快速,准确可靠,稳定性好,可适用于羧甲基淀粉工业简便快速的检测。     

淀粉基脂肪替代品--低取代度硬脂酸淀粉酯的制备工艺研究

采用干法制备低取代度硬脂酸淀粉酯,主要用于脂肪替代品。通过对温度、反应时间、硬脂酸添加量、加水量、加酸量等的研究,期望找到最优的工艺条件。     

Production and physicochemical properties of resistant starch from hydrolysed wrinkled pea starch

The content and physicochemical properties of resistant starches (RS) from wrinkled pea starch obtained by different molecular mass reduction processes were evaluated. Native and gelatinised starches were submitted to acid hydrolysis (2 m HCl for 2.5 h) or enzymic hydrolysis (pullulanase, 40 U g^?1 for 10 h), followed by hydrothermal treatment (autoclaving at 121 °C for 30 min), refrigeration (4 °C for 24 h) and lyophilisation. Native starch showed RS and total dietary fibre contents of 39.8% and 14.3%, respectively, while processed ones showed values from 38.5% to 54.6% and from 22.9% to 37.1%, respectively. From these, the highest contents were among acid‐modified starches. Processed starches showed endotherms between 144 and 166 °C, owing to the amylose retrogradation. Native and processed starches showed low viscosity, which is inversely proportional to the RS concentration in samples. The heat treatment promoted an increase in the water absorption index. The pea starch is a good source for obtaining resistant starch by acid hydrolysis.     

高取代度阳离子淀粉在印染废水处理中的应用

 采用半干法合成出高取代度(DS=0.4)的阳离子淀粉,其反应效率88.89%。应用实验结果表明,在室温下,当高取代度阳离子淀粉的加入量在200～300 mg/L,印染废水的pH值为11时,该阳离子淀粉对实际印染废水的脱色率能够达到78%,COD去除率能达到90%。     

取代度对醋酸酯变性淀粉及新鲜湿面品质的影响

研究了不同取代度对醋酸酯变性淀粉理化特性包括淀粉糊化特性和淀粉糊透光率以及对新鲜湿面品质的影响。结果表明,引入乙酰基后,随着取代度的升高,糊化温度相应降低,产生峰值黏度所对应的时间也降低,淀粉糊透明度增加,加工成湿面的弹性明显提高,硬度、咀嚼度、内聚性以及回复性降低。     

高取代度羧甲基小麦淀粉制备工艺的优化及表征

摘 要：以小麦淀粉为原料,以氯乙酸作为醚化剂,采用两次加碱法制备了高取代度的羧甲基小麦淀粉。以4.05g淀粉为基准,采用正交实验对反应条件进行了优化,得到的最佳工艺条件为：水用量6mL,无水乙醇用量60mL,氯乙酸与淀粉摩尔比1.4,氢氧化钠与氯乙酸摩尔比1.8,碱化用氢氧化钠百分比70%,碱化温度35～40℃,碱化时间0.5～1h,醚化温度50～55℃,醚化时间2～3h,在此条件下制得了取代度高达1.21的羧甲基小麦淀粉。     

Laminar flow cleaning of gelatinised,partially hydrolysed starch

The cleanability of food contact materials is, among others, determined by the physico-chemical properties of the soiling material. In the current study, starch of different origin was gelatinised and partially hydrolysed with diastase. The degree of hydrolysis was determined as the reducing capacity in terms of dextrose equivalents, and by the changes in apparent viscosity and surface tension. After spreading the starch paste on electropolished stainless steel coupons and subsequent drying, the removal was studied with a laboratory flow cell. These cleaning tests revealed a higher cleaning effectivity for smaller dextrins, which can be attributed to corresponding changes in solubility. Furthermore, the addition of commercially available diastase to demineralised water increased the cleaning effectivity of starch and dextrin soils at 25 °C. The results indicate that smaller starch breakdown products require reduced energy for removal so that cleaning processes can be adequately adjusted.     

酸碱电导滴定法测定N-十二烷基壳聚糖取代度

本文利用NaOH标准溶液滴定溶解于过量HCl溶液中的N-十二烷基壳聚糖样品,研究了酸碱滴定中N-十二烷基壳聚糖溶液电导率值的变化,通过测定电导率值,计算烷基壳聚糖的取代度。该方法的相对标准偏差为1.37%,改变测试条件,取代度值无显著性差异（p>0.05）。该方法具有操作简便、准确可靠、重复性好等优点。      

水相中高取代度低黏度羧甲基淀粉的制备

羧甲基淀粉(CMS)是一种阴离子淀粉醚,广泛应用于医药、食品、纺织、石油钻探等领域。以玉米淀粉为原料,采用酸化-醚化复合变性的方法在水相中制备高取代度低黏度羧甲基淀粉(CMS),探讨了酸化时间、液固比、NaOH用量、ClCH2COOH用量、醚化反应时间、反应温度对羧甲基化过程的影响,研究发现,对原淀粉进行酸化,可以在不增加其它反应试剂用量的基础上提高产物的取代度(DS),但是酸化时间不应过长。同时得到了其他单因素变化时各自对产物取代度的变化趋势,为进一步优化反应条件提供了依据。     

机械活化协同微波法制备高取代度柠檬酸酯淀粉

在微波辐射条件下,以不同机械活化时间的木薯淀粉为原料,柠檬酸为酯化剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂制备柠檬酸酯淀粉。以取代度和反应效率为指标,分别探讨机械活化时间、微波功率、微波辐射时间、淀粉含水量、柠檬酸用量及氢氧化钠用量对木薯淀粉柠檬酸酯化反应的影响,并对影响因素进行了正交优化。结果表明,木薯淀粉经机械活化后,对微波功率、微波辐射时间、酯化剂用量、催化剂用量、淀粉含水量的依赖性明显降低,取代度和反应效率均为原木薯淀粉的2倍多。通过正交试验确定了制备柠檬酸酯淀粉的最佳工艺条件:微波功率800 W、微波辐射5.0 min、淀粉含水量35%、柠檬酸质量分数50%、氢氧化钠质量分数6%,所得产品的取代度为0.399 8,反应效率为88.84%。并采用红外光谱和X-射线衍射对木薯淀粉、活化淀粉及高取代度柠檬酸酯淀粉进行了表征。     

高直链淀粉微波制备高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的研究

以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂.浓硫酸为催化剂,利用微波辐射技术合成高取代度的醋酸酯淀粉.通过正交实验确定了高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的最佳合成工艺为:绝干高直链玉米淀粉20g,醋酸酐70mL.浓硫酸用量0.4mL,辐射时间6min,辐射功率600W,制得取代度为1.4428的醋酸酯淀粉.并对高取代度醋酸酯淀粉的特性粘度和溶解性等性质进行了测定分析.     

Synthesis and in vitro digestion of resistant starch type III from enzymatically hydrolysed cassava starch

Resistant starch type III (RS III) was synthesised from cassava starch by autoclaving followed by debranching with pullulanase, at varied concentrations (0.4–12 U g^?1) and times (2–8 h), and recrystallisation (?18 to 90 °C for 1–16 h). The highest RS III yield (22 g/100 g) was obtained at an enzyme concentration of 4 U g^?1 after 8 h incubation, followed by recrystallisation at 25 °C for 16 h. Varying the recrystallisation conditions indicated that higher RS III yields (30–35 g/100 g) could be obtained at 90 °C within 2 h. Thinning cassava starch using α‐amylase prior to debranching using pullulanase did not further increase the RS III content. In vitro digestion data showed that whereas 44% RS III was digested after 6 h, the corresponding value for cassava starch was 89%.     

Structural and rheological properties of potato starch affected by degree of substitution by octenyl succinic anhydride

The objective of the present study was to investigate the structural and rheological properties of octenyl succinic anhydrate (OSA) modified potato starch. Potato starch was modified with different concentrations of OSA (0, 1, 3, and 5%, v/v). X-ray results suggested that OSA modification did not disrupt the crystallinity of the native starch, and esterification occurs primarily in the amorphous regions. The use of ¹H-NMR spectra confirmed the presence of methyl protons in substituted OSA groups, which interacted with the starch molecules. In steady shear rheological analysis, OSA modified starch pastes showed a pronounced shear thinning behavior (n = 0.47–0.54). The consistency index (K) and yield stress (σ_oc) values of OSA modified starch pastes were significantly lower than those of the native starch. Dynamic shear rheological tests indicated that OSA modified starch pastes had weak gel-like behavior with storage moduli (G’) higher than loss moduli (G’’). OSA potato starch pastes were more viscous as compared to the native potato starch paste, as evidenced by their higher tan δ values.     

Morphology and structural properties of high-amylose rice starch residues hydrolysed by amyloglucosidase

High-amylose starches are attracting considerable attention because of their potential health benefits and industrial uses. Enzyme hydrolysis of starch is involved in many biological and industrial processes. In this paper, starches were isolated from high-amylose transgenic rice (TRS) and its wild type rice, Te-qing (TQ). The morphological and structural changes of starch residues following Aspergillus niger amyloglucosidase (AAG) hydrolysis were investigated. AAG hydrolysed TQ starch from the granule surface, and TRS starch from the granule interior. During AAG hydrolysis, the content of amorphous structure increased, the contents of ordered structure and single helix decreased, and gelatinisation enthalpy decreased in TQ and TRS starch residues. The A-type polymorph of TRS C-type starch was hydrolysed faster than the B-type polymorph. The short-range ordered structure and B-type polymorph in the peripheral region of the subgranule and the surrounding band of TRS starch increased the resistance of TRS starch to AAG hydrolysis.