CeO2和La2O3对高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧过程的影响

在模拟高炉喷吹的条件下,对添加CeO2 和La2O3的混合煤粉进行了燃烧试验,考察了稀土氧化物对高炉喷吹煤粉燃烧过程的影响,并探讨了其助燃作用机理.     

纳米La3+-Eu3+共掺杂CeO2基固溶体的合成及微结构表征

采用水热法合成La3+、Eu3+共掺杂纳米Ce1-x(La0.5Eu0.5)x O2-δ固溶体。利用X射线衍射技术(XRD)表征样品的相结构,并对固溶体的晶胞参数进行拟合。通过拉曼光谱及紫外可见漫反射光谱表征其电子跃迁性能及掺杂效应。XRD结果表明,双离子掺杂固溶限不小于x=0.30,样品晶粒尺寸小于20 nm,晶胞参数随着掺杂量的升高而逐渐增大。Raman光谱F2g振动峰的逐渐宽化及向低波数方向移动。紫外漫反射光谱表明,随着掺杂量的增大,固溶体能隙先蓝移后红移。     

La3+掺杂对LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2结构和电化学性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备添加了La3+的LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料, 通过XPS、X射线分析仪、扫描电镜、电化学工作站、电池充放电测试系统详细地探讨了不同添加量的La3+对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果显示, 与无添加的LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂正极材料比较, 添加了La3+的材料一次颗粒尺寸更大, 球形度更好且材料的电极R_sf+R_ct阻抗均显示有所降低; 当添加x=0.01时, 材料的大电流循环稳定性得到了较大提升, 1 C条件下经过100次循环后, 添加La3+材料容量保持率为75.81 %, 而未添加材料容量保持率只有49.57 %; 添加了La3+材料制得的电池在0.5、1、5 C倍率下的放电比容量也要明显高于无添加材料。      

Catalytic Reduction of SO2 on CeO2-La2O3 Rare Earth Mixed Compounds

Adding rare earth oxide CeO2 with variable valences to La2O3 formed a mixture of rare earth oxides. By means of dipping CeO2, La2O3 and their mixture, whose carriers were all γ-Al2O3, were used as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO. The activation process of this catalyst and the impact of temperature and reactant concentration on the activation process were investigated. Using X-ray diffraction, the structure characteristics of catalyst before and after reaction were analyzed to reveal the change of phase structure. The result shows that the rare earth oxide mixtures composing of CeO2 and La2O3, as the catalyst for the reduction of SO2 by CO, diminish activation temperature 50～100℃ less and have higher activity than a single oxide CeO2 or La2O3. The reason possibl is that La2O3 goes into in the lattice of CeO2 to form solid phase complex CeO2-La2O3 and increases the capability of CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst to store oxygen, which supplies the redox of CeO2 reaction with a better condition. At the same time, elemental sulfur formed in the redox reaction impels La203 to be transformed to activation phase La2O2S in a lower temperature, which can be explained with the synergism between redox reaction and COS intermediate mechanism reaction.     

La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La3+掺杂的TiO2光催化剂(La/Ti原子比分别为1/100,2/100,3/100,4/100和5/100)。用比表面(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,La3+掺杂量为4%(La/Ti原子比)时所制备的TiO2具有最高电子-空穴分离效应。以甲基橙为模拟偶氮染料对所制备光催化剂的脱色性能进行考察,光催化脱色结果显示La3+掺杂量为4%时所制备的TiO2具有最高的光催化活性。     

CeO2对Ti基RuO2-SnO2涂层阳极电催化性能的影响

采用热分解法制备了掺杂CeO2的Ti基RuO2-SnO2涂层阳极,通过开路电位测试、循环伏安测试以及交流阻抗测试研究了所制备涂层阳极的电催化性能,并用扫描电镜观察了涂层阳极的表面形貌。结果表明,在涂层阳极中掺杂CeO2可以提高涂层阳极的电催化活性,CeO2的最佳掺杂量为0.4(摩尔分数)。涂层阳极电催化性能提高的原因在于掺杂的CeO2可以提高涂层的有效活性表面积。     

等离子喷涂CeO2改性La2Zr2O7纳米热障涂层高温性能研究

研究了不同Ce掺杂量对La2Zr2O7相结构稳定性的影响,确定了Ce原子掺杂量为5.45％的CeO2改性La2Zr2O7涂层（CLZ）.研究了采用大气等离子喷涂制备的涂层与原始粉末化学成分计量比偏离情况.经共沉淀制粉、喷雾干燥团聚造粒、大气等离子喷涂制备了Ce原子掺杂量为5.45％的新型纳米CLZ热障涂层,研究了涂层的长期组织结构稳定性、抗热震性以及失效机制.结果表明,CLZ涂层具有良好的长期组织结构稳定性,涂层在1150℃下热震循环寿命达到26次.涂层失效主要以层状撕裂为主.陶瓷层和粘结层热膨胀不匹配、粘结层发生氧化可能是导致CLZ涂层热震失效的主要原因.     

水热法制备La掺杂WO3及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法在不使用任何添加剂的情况下制备了La掺杂WO₃光催化剂材料。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试仪(BET)对所制备材料的物理和化学性质进行了表征。XRD结果表明La掺杂WO₃具有斜方相结构。随着La掺杂量的增加,XRD图谱向低角度移动,表明La成功地掺入WO₃晶格中。通过XRD图谱和UV-Vis光谱可以发现,La掺杂WO₃样品的平均晶体尺寸和带隙能相比未掺杂WO₃的有所减小。SEM研究表明,掺杂和未掺杂的WO₃样品均由纳米颗粒团聚而成,且有很多纳米级孔结构。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标污染物研究了La掺杂WO₃样品的光催化活性。结果表明,掺杂(1%,质量分数)La的WO₃光催化活性明显高于纯WO₃的活性。     

CeO2对Fe2O3压团焙烧行为及强度的影响

在 Fe2 O3试剂中添加CeO2制成压团试样,对其进行预热及焙烧,利用 X射线衍射、DSC和 SEM相结合的方法,研究CeO2含量对试样抗压强度的影响机理。结果表明,在975℃预热压团中形成了Ce-Fe-O 固溶体,使Fe2 O3晶粒间的连接增强,预热压团强度增大;在1250℃焙烧压团中Ce-Fe-O 固溶体发生了脱溶和分解,析出的高熔点氧化物CeO2存在于 Fe2 O3晶粒间,阻碍了 Fe2 O3晶粒之间的连晶生长,使焙烧压团的强度随 CeO2含量增多而降低。     

La2O3-Mo阴极材料中La2O3稳定性研究

本文采用高温光电子能谱方法对La2O3-Mo阴极及碳化La2O3-Mo阴极材料表面La2O3的化学稳定性进行了研究.实验结果表明,La2O6并不具备文献报道的极好的化学稳定性.材料中的La2O3在高温、真空条件下,其部分晶格氧发生分离.La2O3可以被Mo2C还原成单质La.单质La的结合能高于La2O3的结合能.实验证实单质La3d5/2的结合能为835.96eV,并首次给出La3d3/2的结合能实验数值为852.23eV.     

掺杂氧化铈钡钨阴极的结构和发射性能的研究

采用CeO2与钨粉机械混合,制备了满足大功率微波器件要求的高性能掺杂CeO2钡钨阴极,利用扫描电镜、压汞仪等测试手段分析了阴极的微观结构.用水冷阳极二极管检测了阴极的发射性能.研究表明,掺杂CeO2钡钨阴极孔径分布较窄,为0.4～3.6um,平均孔径为2um.在阳极正常工作温度1050。C下,掺杂CeO2钡钨阴极的直流发射电流密度和脉冲发射电流密度分别为6.33,17.48A·cm-2,明显优于传统钡钨阴极,满足大功率微波器件要求.     

稀土固体超强酸S2O82-/Sb2O3/La3+的制备及催化性能研究

以SbCl3为原料经醇化水解制得Sb2O3前体氧化物,通过浸渍一定量的(NH4)2S2O8和掺杂La(NO3)3制备了一种新型催化剂S2O82-/Sb2O3/La3+.以催化合成乙酸苄酯为探针反应,考察了不同制备条件对催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,1.5 mol/L的(NH4)2S2O8和2.71% La(NO3)3混合溶液浸渍锑前体氧化物,经110℃烘干后,于500℃焙烧3h所得催化剂(SSL2.71-3-500)活性较好.同时,考察了催化剂的稳定性以及对不同酯化反应的作用规律.用Hammett,IR,DTA/TGA,XRD等手段对催化剂进行了表征.     

Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Sm2O3 Doped CeO2 Reinforced Ti3AlC2 Nano Composite

The fabrication process of Sm2O3 doped CeO2 reinforced Ti3AlC2 nano composites including the nano particle dispersion process by a hetero-coagulation process was developed using in-situ synthesis and densification process of Ti3AlC2. The effects of Sm2O2 doped CeO2 nano particles on mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 were investigated. It was found that the presence of 20SDC nano particles in Ti3AlC2 was very effective to improve the mechanical properties of Ti3AlC2 without spoiling the unique characteristics of Ti3AlC2temary carbide.     

镧、银离子掺杂对TiO_2光催化活性的影响

以钛酸四丁酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯的TiO2纳米粒子和掺杂镧、银离子并且浓度分别为2%,5%的TiO2纳米粒子。利用XRD和UV-VIS对其进行表征,且在日光条件下,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察了纯的TiO2纳米粒子及不同镧、银离子掺杂浓度下的TiO2纳米粒子光催化活性。结果表明,在掺杂镧、银离子后,TiO2的本征吸收光谱比未经掺杂的出现不同程度的红移,在氧化剂的协同作用下使得甲基橙的降解效率有明显提高。     

铽在硫氧化镧基质中的光致发光

采用高温固相反应法制备了La2O2S∶Tb3+、La2O2S∶Tb3+,RE3+(RE=Dy,Gd,Ce,Sm)荧光粉样品并进行了相关表征。结果表明,合成样品的晶体结构与La2O2S相同,为六方晶系;荧光粉颗粒的形貌多为长方形片状;发射光谱由494 nm、545 nm、587 nm、622 nm的一系列锐发射峰组成。研究发现Tb3+的掺杂浓度对样品主发射峰545 nm的发光强度影响很大,且在摩尔分数x(Tb3+)=0.02时达到最强。稀土离子Dy3+、Gd3+对La2O2S∶Tb3+荧光粉的发光有明显的敏化作用。     

液-液掺杂Mo-La2O3板材的室温力学性能

采用液-液掺杂、粉末冶金的方法制备出Mo-La2O3板坯并轧制成板材,经不同温度退火后进行室温拉伸测试,并利用SEM和EDS等检测手段对其断口形貌、氧化镧含量及分布进行了分析.结果表明:Mo-La2O3板材的延伸率始终高于纯钼板;随着氧化镧含量的增加,Mo-La2O3板材的室温抗拉强度显著提高;而随退火温度的升高,Mo-La2O3板材的断口形貌由韧窝形转变为解理形;氧化镧均匀分布于晶内和晶界,大大降低了晶界上杂质的浓度,抑制了显微空穴和微孔的长大,从而提高了钼板的强度和韧性.     

CeO2-Co3O4 Catalysts for CO Oxidation

CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation were prepared by a co-precipitation method. In combination with the characterization methods of N2 adsorption/desorption, XRD, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and FT-IR, the influence of the cerium content on the catalytic performance of CeO2-Co3O4 was investigated. The results indicate that the prepared CeO2-Co3O4 catalysts exhibit a better activity than that of pure CeO2 or pure Co3O4. The catalyst with the Ce/Co atomic ratio 1 ： 16 exhibits the best activity, which converts 77% of CO at room temperature and completely oxidizes CO at 45 ℃.     

Effect of Gd2O3 and La2O3 on BaTiO3 -Based Ceramics

The addition of rare-earth oxides Gd2O3 and La2O3 to BaTiO3-based ceramics can restrain the growth of grain size, which obtained small grain size below 1 μm and high density. The dielectric constant at room temperature increased and the curve of ε-T was flattened which illustrated that the ferroelectricity of BaTiO3-based ceramics was weakened. In addition, it is illustrated that Gd2O3 leads to chemical nonhomogeneous property, i.e. core-shell structure and La2 O3 leads to chemical homogenous property, which take different effects on capacitance- temperature characteristic.