多元水泥基系统的性能预测及优化设计

以水泥-硅灰-粉煤灰三元净浆系统的抗压强度为例,研究了单纯形-格子设计方法在水泥基复合材料性能预测领域中的应用,并从统计学的角度,采用F检验方法分析了如何得到一个合理的性能预测回归方程,此外,本工作还研究了最优化理论在水泥基复合材料配合比设计领域中的应用,研究结果表明：（1）采用单纯形-格子设计方法得到的三阶回归模型能够很好地预测混合材掺量不大于30%的水泥-硅灰-粉煤灰三元净浆系统中任意配合比点各龄期的抗压强度值;（2）通过对兼有上=下界约束的非线性规划问题的求解,得到了各龄期最优抗压强度所在点的配合比及最优强度值;（3）单纯形-格子设计方法与最优化理论为水泥基复合材料的性能预测以及性能优化的理论研究注入了新的活力。     

亚硝酸乙酯-乙醇-水三元体系汽液平衡的测定与关联

报道了一种测定汽液平衡的实验装置,在15.0℃～30.0℃的温度范围内测定了低压下亚硝酸乙酯──乙醇──水三元体系汽液平衡数据．并用NRTL方程进行了关联,计算值与实验值吻合较好．     

CFC混合替代物的汽液平衡研究

自行安装并调试了一套用汽液双循环法测定加压下的汽液平衡数据的实验装置。通过对设备的测温、测压及相平衡测定系统进行调试、校核,表明该装置测定的汽液平衡数据是可靠的。用本实验装置分别测定了HCFC22+HCFC142b二元体系在313.15K、322.80K和328.15K三个温度下的汽液平衡实验数据;HCFC22+HFC152a二元体系在313.15K和328.15K两个温度下的汽液平衡实验数据;HCFC22+HFC152a+HCFC142b三元体系在313.15K、323.15K、328.15K和338.15K四个温度下的汽液平衡实验数据。最后,用Peng-Robinson状态方程对实验数据进行了成功的关联。     

混合物料组分的碎裂参数特性

借助于分批磨碎动力学模型,研究了两组分混合物料组分的碎裂参数特性。结果表明：某一组分无论是单独磨碎还是作为混合物料的一个组分参与磨碎,其碎裂分布函数是相同的,和单独磨碎时的相比,该组分的碎裂速率函数由于分间的相互作用而发生变化,但动力学行为仍是线性的;另一组分则由于碎裂速率函数的变化其动力学行为表现为非线性,初步分析了这些相互作用产生的机理,并对非线性模型作了准线性处理。     

水-二甲基甲酰胺-甲酸体系汽液相平衡的研究

用改进的Rose釜测定了水-N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）在101.33kPa、13.33kPa下的二元及水──DMF──甲酸在101.33kPa下的三元等压汽液相平衡数据．并对水──DMF汽液相平衡数据进行了关联,得出了相应的UNIQUAC,NRTL和Wilson模型参数．用Wilson模型推算了所测的三元汽液相平衡实验数据．结果令人满意．     

从混合溶剂中电解质活度系数推算汽液平衡

建立了由混合溶剂中电解质活度系数推算汽液平衡的数值计算方法。在电解质活度系数测定的盐浓度范围内,NaBr(1)-H_2O(2)-MeOH(3)和HCI(1)-H_2O(2)-MeOH(3)两体系在101.3kPa下的汽液平衡计算结果与文献值平均绝对偏差分别为:汽相摩尔分率|Dy_3|=0.025,平衡温度DT=0.40K和Dy_3=0.020,DT=0.76K,对前一体系还能正确地推测出交叉的盐效应规律。     

熔盐混合物的过量焓关联

基于熔盐混合物与含醇溶液的某些相似性,将含醇溶液的过量焓方程推广到熔盐混合物.该方程由物理和化学作用两部分贡献组成,具有良好的灵活性和通用性,对149种熔盐混合物的过量焓计算结果表明,与实验值的平均绝对误差为0.29%,最大误差不超过1.8%.     

EVALUATION OF THE ORIGINAL AND THE EXTENDED CORRESPONDING STATES PRINCIPLE FOR REFRIGERANTS

The corresponding states and extended corresponding states principles have been evaluated for refrigerants. In the two corresponding states techniques the Riedel and Wagner vapour pressure correlations have been used to express the vapour pressure for the reference fluids. As reference fluids CFC12 and HFC134a have been used. These two fluids cover the acentric factor interval wherein refrigerants are found. Parameters have been estimated for CFC12 and HFC134a according to the Reidel and Wagner vapour pressure correlations used in the extended corresponding states principle. Experimental vapour pressure data for CFC12 and HFC134a have been used to estimate parameters according to Riedel and Wagner used in the hypothetical fluid and deviation function used in the corresponding states principle.

The Riedel and Wagner correlations are of equal accuracy in vapour pressure calculations. The results from the corresponding states and extended corresponding states principle are comparable due to the conformity between the Riedel and Wagner correlation, but improved results are obtained in comparison with the Lee-Kesler vapour pressure correlation in acentric factor interval studied.     

VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA FOR MIXTURES OF TOLUENE AND POLYSTYRENE WITH DIFFERENT MOLECULAR WEIGHTS

An experimental system for measuring the VLE of polymer solutions based on the staticvapor-pressure method has been established,VLE data for mixtures of toluene and polystyrene withdifferent molecular weight covering a wide range from 2.98×10~3 to 3.84×10~6 were obtained at 35℃.The reduced pressure p/p°versus weight fraction W plot is found to be independent on the molecularweight of the polymer within the experimental error.Calculated activity coefficients are also independenton the molecular weight.However,for the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter x,not only a strongconcentration dependence is observed,but also the molecular weight of the polymer exerts definiteinfluence.Generally,the parameter x slightly increases as the molecular weight of the polymer decreasesespecially when the molecular weight is low.The dependence of the parameter x on the molecularweight can be neglected when the molecular weight of polymer is greater than 1.00×10~4.     

THE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF ETHANOL-WATER MIXTURE IN THE PRESENCE OF BENZYLTRIETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE SALT AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

The phase transfer catalysis reaction is gaining more and more attention in chemical industry. Usually, the chemicals used as phase transfer catalyst are organic salts. Unfortunately, the effect of an organic salt on the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of a mixture has hardly been reported in literature. In this study, the effect of the benzyltriethylammonium chloride organic salt on the VLE of ethanol-water mixture was obtained experimentally. It is observed that this organic salt can shift and even break away the azeotrope of ethanol -water mixture as an inorganic salt does. The experimental data were correlated with the models or Tan (1987, 1990) and Ohe (1991). The results were not satisfactory probably due to the complicated interactions among ions and molecules and the big different particle sizes or ion, solvent molecule, and salt molecule.

The vapor pressures of benzyltriethylammonium chloride-ethanol mixtures needed in this study for determining solvent-salt interaction parameters in the correlation model were also measured and regressed by the Patil model (1990).     

丙烯──甲醇──水三元体系汽液相平衡测定

用静态平衡釜法测定了丙烯-水-甲醇三元物系在30～60℃温度,0.3～0.9MPa压力下,其中甲醇-水比例为9:1、8:2、7:3时的汽液平衡数据,用UNIQUAC-RK模型方程对汽液平衡数据进行了关联,求得各模型参数,所得结果令人满意。     

含镁橄榄石镁质中间包干式料的性能

以电熔镁砂和镁橄榄石为主要原料制成中间包干式料,样品在不同温度下进行了热处理.通过常温物理性能测试和光学显微结构观察,研究了镁橄榄右原料的种类、添加量及复合无机结合剂的添加量对于式料性能的影响.结果表明:以镁橄榄石牛料为骨料的样晶的常温物理性能优于以镁橄榄石熟料为骨料的样晶的:镁橄榄石生料的适宜添加量为15%左右:采用3.0%Na2SiO3·9H2O,2.0%Na2SiO3·5H2O和1.0%MgSO4·7H2O结合的样品经200℃烘烤后的抗压强度大干4.5MPa,1550℃热处理3h后的抗压强度可达17.9MPa;采用静态坩埚法埘样品进行渣蚀实验,发现熔渣对于式料 的侵蚀以渗透为主,渗透深度约为8mm.     

氨合成回路的相平衡计算

根据化工热力学理论 ,应用改进的R K状态方程和VanLaar型活度系数方程 ,在前人工作的基础上建立H2 N2 CH4 Ar NH3 五元体系的气、液相平衡数学模型 ,完成其程序设计 ,计算该体系在不同条件下的气、液相平衡常数K值和气、液相组成 ,取得满意的结果。     

OPTIMIZATION OF DRYING SCHEDULES ADAPTED FOR A MIXTURE OF BOARDS WITH DISTRIBUTION OF SAPWOOD AND HEARTWOOD

ABSTRACT

A distributed optimization model for wood drying with several different boards simultaneously is presented. Optimization is performed with a gradient-based program. During optimization, convex subproblems are created and transformed to the dual problem and solved. Arbitrary outtakes and board dimensions are possible, as well as different material data and distribution of sapwood and heartwood. It is also possible to optimize drying schedules where drying of boards with variations in environmental conditions is simulated. A two-dimensional orthotropic drying model is used in the moisture transport and structural analysis, where the variation in radial and tangential directions are considered. The influence of temperature and moisture content on material data and mechanical properties is also taken into account. The drying schedules achieved are optimized to minimize drying time for a representative mixture of boards. A numerical example is presented where the drying schedule is optimized for two boards with different outtakes and distributions of sapwood and heartwood. Optimization is performed with two computers in a network. Drying starts from the fibre saturation point in these simulations.     

立方型状态方程含过量自由焓模型的新混合规则

提出了在参考压力下将过量自由焓(g~E)模型引入状态方程的修正Huron-Vidal混合规则,由g~E模型确定状态方程中混合物的参数,以SRK方程和Wilson模型为例,取大气压为参考压力,计算了16个体系50组汽液平衡,结果表明本文建议的混合规则可直接使用现有文献报道的常压g~E模型参数由立方型状态方程预测常压汽液平衡,并对直接外推预测高压汽液平衡作了尝试.     

OPTIMIZATION OF DRYING SCHEDULES ADAPTED FOR A MIXTURE OF BOARDS WITH DISTRIBUTION OF SAPWOOD AND HEARTWOOD

A distributed optimization model for wood drying with several different boards simultaneously is presented. Optimization is performed with a gradient-based program. During optimization, convex subproblems are created and transformed to the dual problem and solved. Arbitrary outtakes and board dimensions are possible, as well as different material data and distribution of sapwood and heartwood. It is also possible to optimize drying schedules where drying of boards with variations in environmental conditions is simulated. A two-dimensional orthotropic drying model is used in the moisture transport and structural analysis, where the variation in radial and tangential directions are considered. The influence of temperature and moisture content on material data and mechanical properties is also taken into account. The drying schedules achieved are optimized to minimize drying time for a representative mixture of boards. A numerical example is presented where the drying schedule is optimized for two boards with different outtakes and distributions of sapwood and heartwood. Optimization is performed with two computers in a network. Drying starts from the fibre saturation point in these simulations.     

火力发电厂最佳配煤指标和配煤方案的确定

在对动力配煤意义分析的基础上，系统地研究了发电用煤的质量要求，并介绍了利用系统工程的最优化原理求解发电厂最佳配煤方案的基本方法与应用结果。     

用Ha′la限制式结合γ~∞数据推算多元汽液平衡

提出了一种把Wilson方程参数间关系——Ha′la限制式和无限稀释活度系数相关联,用以估算三元系汽液平衡的方法。用汽液色谱测定挥发性溶质在不挥发性溶剂及混合溶剂中无限稀释活度系数,与Ha′la限制式相结合预测三元系汽液平衡,同文献位相比较:从Dortmund数据库的汽液平衡数据中选取了13组同时具有三元系和二元系汽液平衡数据的体系,用拟合和无限稀释活度系数及Ha′la限制式结合的方法求取Wilson参数,进而预测汽液平衡,与文献值相比较;又在三元系的三个二元系之间用同样办法进行相互推算;又利用两个二元系和三元系的一点数据进行预测;所得结果均较满意。为证明所用方法的可靠性,并对预测误差的置信度上限作了相应的估算。