冠突散囊菌发酵制备燕麦面酱工艺研究

以燕麦为原料,采用冠突散囊菌（Eurotium cristatum）发酵燕麦制备燕麦面酱。利用单因素试验及感官分析的方法分析冠突散囊菌发酵时间、盐水腌制浓度、腌制温度、腌制时间对燕麦面酱品质的影响来确定发酵工艺参数。结果表明,冠突散囊菌发酵燕麦制备燕麦面酱的最优发酵工艺条件为在28 ℃条件下,冠突散囊菌发酵燕麦时间5 d,采用浓度8%盐水与发酵燕麦坯混合,在温度45 ℃保温25 d,经细磨制得燕麦面酱。该优化条件下,所得燕麦面酱中还原糖含量为22.14%,氨基酸态氮含量为0.38 g/100 g,多酚含量为4.154 mg/g,并且多酚含量约为原料燕麦的6倍,感官评分为92.9分。     

顶空-固相微萃取两种传统面酱挥发性成分的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气-质联用(GC-MS)技术,对2种传统面酱(M1和M2)中的挥发性成分进行提取、分析。从M1中鉴定出53种挥发性化合物,占色谱流出峰总面积的77.408%,包括醛类6种,酯类5种,酸类14种,烃类2种,醇类2种,杂环类化合物12种,酮类2种,其他化合物10种。从M2中鉴定出48种挥发性化合物,占色谱流出峰总面积的64.455%,包括醛类6种,酯类8种,酸类6种,烃类4种,醇类5种,杂环类化合物9种,酮类4种,其他化合物6种。     

传统酱类自然发酵的发酵动态分析

以传统酱类的发酵过程为考察对象,研究传统酱类自然发酵过程中的菌相变化规律,测定不同发酵阶段的菌相种类及比例,为研制合适的酱类人工接种发酵剂打基础.     

银杏面酱传统加工技术的研究

以感官评分为指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验,研究了新型面酱产品—银杏面酱的传统加工工艺。实验结果表明:采用面粉银杏粉料比为6∶4(m∶m),制曲中期品温控制在34～36℃,发酵时采用盐水浓度为14°Be,盐水用量为曲料的1∶3(m∶m),在55℃进行保温发酵,生产出的银杏面酱感官品质较好,且各项理化指标符合国家部颁标准。     

传统酱类自然发酵的微生物学分析

以传统酱类的发酵过程为考察对象，研究传统酱类自然发酵过程中的菌相变化规律，测定不同发酵阶段的菌相种类及比例，为研制合适的酱类人工接种发酵剂打基础。     

Olfactometric characterization of aroma active compounds in fermented fish paste in comparison with fish sauce,fermented soy paste and sauce products

Aroma active compounds in commercial fermented fish meat paste product (fish miso), fermented soy paste (soy miso), fish sauce and soy sauces were characterized by using a dynamic headspace method for volatile isolation and GC olfactometry for odor perception. A total of 123 volatile compounds consisting mainly of aldehydes, alcohols, esters, ketones, furans, sulfur and nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatics and acids were consistently identified. A major 16 odor-active compounds were distinguished to contribute as key aroma compounds for the miso and sauce products. Olfactometric and sensory findings clearly differentiated miso products with caramelic, fruity aroma notes, whereas fish sauce products were characterized by ammoniacal, fishy, nutty and cheesy odor note. Soy sauce products, however, were dominated by nutty and cheese aroma. Use of koji for fish miso production was found effective to enhance sweet aroma to the product with a reduction of nutty, meaty and rancid nuance. Principal component analysis employed for statistical interpretations clearly elucidated the relationship among different types of fermented products.     

传统发酵豆酱中产脂肪酶菌株的筛选

脂肪酶属于羧基酯水解酶类,能将甘油三酯逐步地水解成甘油和脂肪酸。该研究从东北三省传统的家庭自制豆酱上获得纯培养真菌389株,通过三丁酸甘油酯平板法初筛获得具有脂肪酶活性的菌株41株,其中青霉属的真菌27株、曲霉5株、毛霉3株、犁头霉2株、酵母菌1株、镰孢菌2株、帚霉菌1株。结果表明,青霉属的真菌无论从数量还是酶活都高于其他属的真菌,其中橘灰青霉（Penicillium aurantiogriseum）数量最多。在分离到的菌株中,毛霉属的卷枝毛霉（Mucor circinelloides）酶活最高,是具有生物催化潜力的功能菌株。     

传统发酵豆酱中产蛋白酶菌株的筛选

该研究从东三省各地采集家庭自制豆酱254份,通过分离培养,获得纯培养真菌菌株389株。采用脱脂牛奶平板初筛获得具有蛋白酶活性的菌株31株,其中曲霉属真菌12株、青霉5株、毛霉4株、镰孢菌3株、帚霉1株、芽枝孢3株、犁头霉1株、红曲2株。通过发酵复筛提取其粗酶液,用福林酚法测定粗酶液的蛋白酶活性,筛选出了两株具有较高蛋白酶活性的米曲霉。     

生物技术应用于传统甜面酱生产工艺的探讨

对利用生物酶制剂发酵生产甜面酱工艺进行了研究.分析了新工艺与传统工艺生产出甜面酱产品的呈味成分,结果表明,将生物酶制剂应用于传统甜面酱生产,产品质量接近天然工艺,生产周期缩短,有利于机械化生产.     

传统发酵豆酱的养分变化分析

研究传统发酵豆酱发酵过程中的养分变化规律,从而为传统发酵豆酱的工业化生产控制奠定理论基础。以北方传统自然发酵豆酱为研究对象,应用国标法,测定了发酵不同阶段的水分、pH值、总酸、还原糖、氨基酸态氮、脂肪的变化。结果表明:在自然发酵过程中,14%含盐量的豆酱和8%含盐量的豆酱的养分变化情况大致一样,水分变化在64%和72%上下波动;pH值变化都是下降的;总酸含量变化都是上升的,发酵后期趋于平缓;氨基酸态氮含量变化都是逐渐增加,但最后又略有下降;还原糖含量变化都是前2周下降,2～4周急剧上升,4～5周急剧下降,5～7周略有下降;脂肪含量变化都是下降的,但前2周缓慢下降,2～7周急剧下降后趋于平缓。14%含盐量的豆酱与8%含盐量的豆酱相比水分含量低、pH高、总酸含量低、氨基酸态氮含量低、脂肪含量高。     

芝麻香型机械化和手工工艺酒醅发酵过程中的糖与糖苷

采用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)作为衍生剂,结合气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术研究了机械化和手工工艺酒醅中的糖类化合物(糖、糖苷和糖醇)在发酵过程中的变化。研究结果表明,酒醅发酵过程中,糖总量呈下降趋势,糖醇总含量呈上升趋势,糖苷呈现先上升再下降趋势。手工酒醅中葡萄糖、糖苷、糖醇含量均明显高于机械化酒醅,但机械化酒醅中阿拉伯糖含量比手工酒醅高;2种工艺酒醅中的二糖含量差异不明显。     

功能性甜面酱--麦饭石甜面酱的制作技术

在传统的制酱工艺中用麦饭石盐水代替普通盐水制成甜面酱，使其在原有酱的调味功能上增加了保健功能。     

宝泉大豆酱及农家酱香气成分的比较分析

目的 比较分析宝泉大豆酱和农家酱香气成分的差异。方法 利用顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术,对成品宝泉大豆酱及农家酱的香气成分进行分析,并利用内标法计算各组份含量。结果 在宝泉大豆酱中和农家酱中共检出42种香气成分,含量分别为939.19ng/g、251.41ng/g,其中20种香气成分为其共有的。宝泉大豆酱中主要的酯和醇为亚油酸乙酯(387.05ng/g)、棕榈酸乙酯(207.46ng/g)和苯乙醇(25.05ng/g);农家酱中主要为亚油酸乙酯(87.80ng/g)、油酸乙酯(41.21ng/g)、2,3-丁二醇(14.19ng/g),这些醇酯类化合物种类和含量的不同,造成了这两种大豆酱的香气存在较大的差异。结论 综合气质和感官评价结果表明,宝泉大豆酱的香气品质较优于农家酱,更符合东北人对大豆酱的要求。     

不同菌种发酵制备蚕豆酱的研究

本试验研究米曲霉、黑曲霉、黑根霉、高大毛霉4种不同单一菌种分别发酵制得的蚕豆酱中蛋白酶、淀粉酶活力及主要成分、酱色OD420nm值等指标在不同发酵时期的变化,并对发酵42d的蚕豆酱进行感官评价。结果表明,米曲霉的中性及碱性蛋白酶活力较其他三种菌强,分别高达546.84U和188.79U。米曲霉发酵的蚕豆酱氨基酸态氮含量最高,可达1.381 g/100g,根霉、黑曲霉次之,毛霉最少。米曲霉和黑曲霉制得酱的颜色深,酱色OD420nm值高,另两种霉制得酱的颜色较浅。米曲霉发酵制得蚕豆酱在色泽、气味和口感上都达到一级标准,是制作蚕豆酱的良好发酵菌种。     

传统发酵面团的菌相分析

对传统发酵面团的主要微生物菌群进行了分析,分离得到12株酵母菌,3株乳酸菌,16株醋酸菌,并对分离菌种进行了形态观察,生理生化反应实验,对菌种进行了初步鉴定。所得酵母菌主要为酵母属酵母,汉逊酵母属及毕赤氏酵母;乳酸菌主要为有嗜热链球菌,德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种及一种未知乳杆菌;醋酸菌主要为醋化醋杆菌,巴氏醋杆菌,汉氏醋杆菌及液化醋杆菌。     

伊犁牧区传统发酵乳制品中产香酵母菌的分离及香气成分分析

从新疆伊犁传统发酵乳品中筛选出8株具有优良产香能力的酵母菌,通过对其产醇能力、产酸能力、生长曲线的测定,最终得到2株产香酵母。经26S r DNA鉴定,Yt1鉴定为酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、Yb5为马克思克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces marxianus)。采用气-质联用技术(GC-MS)分析这2株酵母麦芽汁发酵液的挥发性成分,结果表明,这2株酵母菌的麦芽汁发酵液中主要挥发性成分为醇类和酯类,种类和组成差异较大。最终筛选出2株产生挥发性成分较多的酵母菌Yt1和Yb5,对这2株酵母进行耐盐性、耐酸性发酵适应性试验,结果表明这2株不同属的酵母具有良好耐酸性、Yb5的耐盐性较好。     

Urinary isoflavone excretion in Korean adults: comparisons of fermented soybean paste and unfermented soy flour

BACKGROUND: This study compared the 24 h urinary excretion of isoflavone algycones after the consumption of fermented soybean paste or unfermented soy flour in a population of healthy Koreans (four males and five females). An equivalent amount (20 mg) of total isoflavone was consumed as either 52 g of soybean paste or 12.2 g of soy flour in a randomised, crossover trial consisting of two single‐time‐point feedings and having 3 day run‐in and washout periods between feedings. RESULTS: Analysis of starting materials indicated that daidzein (1.4%) and genistein (1.4%) constituted a smaller proportion of the total isoflavones in soy flour as compared with soybean paste (55.3% daidzein and 45.7% genistein). Free and glycosidic forms of isoflavones differed significantly between the two soy products. Levels of β‐glycosides as well as total glycosides (β‐glycosides, malonyl and acetyl forms) were two‐fold higher in soy flour as compared with soybean paste. Malonyl forms predominated in soy flour. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of soybean paste resulted in significantly higher urinary excretion of both daidzein and genistein as compared with soy flour (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

传统甜面酱种曲中优势菌种的分离及初步鉴定

为进一步提高传统甜面酱的质量,本研究从不同地区采集传统甜面酱种曲,利用稀释平板法从曲样中分离获得14株优势霉菌,并对所分离霉菌进行菌落形态观察,采用湿室培养法结合显微镜观察进行初步鉴定.鉴定结果为曲霉科黑曲霉6株;曲霉科米曲霉7株;根霉1株.再把分离所得14株形态不同的霉菌分为三组,分别与实验室的菌株D(沪酿3.042)、C(黑曲霉属)和E(根霉属)进行分类比较其蛋白酶和糖化酶活力,实验结果表明8株霉菌表现出较高的酶活力,可考虑作为生产甜面酱的理想制曲菌种.     

Isolation of halophilic lactic acid bacteria from traditional Chinese fermented soybean paste and assessment of the isolates for industrial potential

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Chinese fermented soybean paste were isolated and identified. A total of 61 LAB were selectively obtained from 32 homemade Chinese soybean pastes. The isolated LAB were divided into two groups by their salt tolerance, 28 halophilic LAB and 33 non-halophilic LAB. Phenotypic analysis showed that these LAB belonged to four genera and 13 species. Tetragenococcus halophilus was the predominant species in the identified strains. Four species of LAB were firstly isolated from fermented soybean food product, Lactobacillus panis, Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacillus vaccinostercus and Lactobacillus collinoides. T. halophilus T5 showed vigorous growth and fast acidification in high salt concentration. The volatile compounds of mixed microorganism soybean paste with T. halophilus T5, Zygosaccharomyces and Torulopsis candida, during the different fermentation stage were higher in number than those of normal soybean paste at same processing procedure.