Guided properties and applications of photonic bandgap fibers

The authors have reviewed some of their recent studies on photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs). PBGFs that confine light in the core by the photonic bandgap effect of cladding have potential applications in various photonic devices. In this paper, the guided properties and tuned mechanics of anti-resonant PBGFs are theoretically illustrated. The special coupling properties in multi-core PBGFs, such as decoupling and resonant coupling effect,are then introduced. Finally, fiber Bragg grating inscribed in all-solid PBGFs is theoretically and experimentally studied, and special resonant characteristics are also observed.     

PBF在1550nm传输波段受径向压力的影响研究

为了研究光子带隙光纤在1550nm波长下受径向压力的影响,采用有限元法做仿真计算进行了定量研究,并通过搭建实验系统对比分析了实测与仿真计算结果的差异。结果表明,限制损耗随径向压力变化的灵敏度为0.00067（dB/km）/（N/m）,归一化分界面场强F参量随径向压力的变化率为0.6810-6/（N/m）,折射率随径向压力的变化率为1.010-8/（N/m）。该研究为光子带隙光纤在光纤传感领域的应用提供了一种实验分析途径。     

正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤色散的研究

为了研究正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤色散特性,基于全矢量有限元法,对其色散特性进行了数值模拟.通过改变正方形栅格全固态光子晶体光纤的结构参量,分析比较了它们的色散特点,并通过改进结构得出一种零散波长在1.55μm的四方栅格全固态光子带隙光纤.结果表明,四方栅格全固态光子带隙光纤色散具有3个零色散点,其零色散波长随高折射率棒直径d的增大而向长波方向移动,其色散平坦程度随棒间距Λ的减少而变得更加平坦.这为全固态光子晶体光纤的设计和制作提供了理论依据.     

四方格子全固光子带隙光纤带隙特性研究

基于平面波展开法,对四方格子全固光子带隙光纤带隙随结构的变化特性进行了数值模拟,并与具有相同结构参数三角格子全固光子带隙光纤进行了比较,数值结果表明带隙的位置由高折射率棒的结构参数决定,而与高折射率棒的排列方式和棒之间的间距无关,这一结果与反谐振效应非常吻合。最后对理想和实际拉制出的四方格子的全固态光子带隙光纤的带隙进行了比较,得出了在设计光纤时,应利用较低的带隙的结论。     

全固态带隙结构光子晶体光纤中非线性过程的数值模拟

全同态带隙结构光子晶体光纤能够同时提供大模场面积和可控色散特性,为高功率下的非线性传输过程提供了一种新的介质,尤其在构成全光纤色散补偿和高功率孤子传输器件方面具有重要的应用价值.利用改进的广义非线性薛定谔方程数值模拟了全固态带隙结构光子晶体光纤中的非线性过程,分析了这种光纤中由于带隙特性和色散特性的共同作用,对飞秒激光非线性传输过程的影响,其中最明显的效应就是带隙特性对孤子自频移有很强的抑制作用.进一步详细讨论了入射脉冲峰值功率、带隙宽度以及带隙中心位置对非线性传输过程的影响.     

1550nm处空芯光子晶体光纤带隙结构的研究

文章利用全矢量平面波法分析了二维三角结构空芯光子晶体光纤平面内和平面外存在的光子带隙的结构图.重点分析了课题组拉制的空芯光子晶体光纤,计算出了存在光子带隙的波长范围,发现在1550nm的光纤通讯窗口也存在光子带隙.通过理论计算这种光纤,发现随着包层的空气填充率、包层与空气孔两介质的相对折射率差的增大,带隙宽度也将随之增大.最后,说明了如何制备宽带隙的光子晶体光纤.     

光子带隙型光子晶体光纤温度传感特性分析

为了提高光子带隙型光子晶体光纤的温度灵敏度,提出了在纤芯环上并入高折射率液体圆柱的新结构,并利用全矢量有限元法对提出的结构进行了仿真,得到了温度对光纤有效折射率、纤芯能量和有效模面积等传输特性的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,光纤的有效折射率和有效模面积会减小,纤芯能量会增加,且零群速率色散点向短波长方向移动,尤其在短波长条件下光纤传输特性随温度变化趋势更加明显。该研究提高了光子带隙型光子晶体光纤传输特性的温度灵敏度,使其更加适合于温度传感方面的应用。     

Switchable-multi-wavelength fiber laser based on dual-core all-solid photonic bandgap fiber

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a switchable multi-wavelength fiber laser based on a dual-core all-solid photonic bandgap fiber (PBGF) comb-like filter. The transmission properties of the dual-core all-solid PBGF are theoretically and experimentally investigated. Then the fiber ring laser based on the PBGF is realized and its wavelength-selective mechanisms are studied. By adjusting the polarization controller (PC), the number and location of the laser wavelength can be tunable.     

High power ytterbium fiber lasers at extremely long wavelengths by photonic bandgap fiber technology

Yb-doped fiber laser operating at the long-wavelength edge (1150–1200 nm) of the broad gain spectrum has been investigated for yellow-orange sources. Power scaling in this region has been recently achieved by Yb-doped solid-core photonic bandgap fibers, in which the Yb gain profile is engineered by the sharp-cut, bandpass distributed filtering and therefore amplified spontaneous emission in the high-gain region (1030–1100 nm) is strictly inhibited. We have recently demonstrated amplification with as high as 167 W output power and 61% slope efficiency at 1178 nm. The novel gain profiling technique by photonic bandgap fibers can be extended to other rare-earth doped fibers.     

基于全固光子带隙光纤的传感器的特性研究

为了实现对基于全固光子带隙光纤（AS-PBF）的传感器的特性研究,采用了双锥型模式干涉仪的结构,使用熔接机在一根AS-PBF上间隔一段距离制作两个锥形光纤,制备出一种基于双锥型模式干涉的特种光纤传感器。与传统单模光纤或折射率传导的光子晶体不同,AS-PBF的纤芯有效折射率较低,而包层有效折射率较高。通过理论分析和实验验证,测量研究了这种光纤结构对温度和轴向应力的响应。实验结果表明,温度灵敏度和轴向应力灵敏度分别为~63pm/oC和~-1.74nm/ N。与长周期光栅、布拉格光栅相比,基于全固带隙光纤的双锥型模式干涉传感器具有制备简单、结构紧凑等优势,在光纤传感领域具有广泛的应用前景。     

Large-solid-core square-lattice photonic crystal fibers

A large-solid-core fiber design comprised by omitting nine air-holes at the center of square-lattice photonic crystal is investigated for the constant air-hole diameter and for the constant pitch length of air-holes. The fiber characteristics are calculated for both structures, and the results are compared. In the calculations, the plane-wave expansion method is used for effective indices, and we utilized the step-index fiber and Gaussian mode profile approximations for obtaining the effective V-number and the effective mode area respectively.     

空芯光子晶体光纤损耗的研究

为了研究反共振纤芯壁对空芯光子晶体光纤限制损耗和散射损耗的影响,利用全矢量有限元法对所设计的具有不同纤芯壁和纤芯半径的空芯光子晶体光纤进行仿真,得到了3种纤芯壁在不同纤芯半径时的有效折射率、限制损耗和芯内功率分数随波长变化的曲线。由数值模拟结果可知,纤芯壁采用T=3的环形反共振层和椭圆反共振层设计时,限制损耗降低了约两个数量级,芯内功率分数在通信波段提高了13%。结果表明,这两种设计可以有效降低空芯光子晶体光纤的限制损耗和散射损耗。     

光子晶体光纤包层折射率变化对光子带隙的影响

改变带隙效应光子晶体光纤横向的周期性介质的折射率,并通过数值计算(平面波方法)来模拟其对光子带隙的影响,进而分析了其对实现中心缺陷导光的影响.     

基于多谐振耦合的异质包层全固光子带隙光纤的研究进展

针对人们对特种光纤的不断增长需求,介绍了基于多谐振耦合机理的异质包层(HC)结构全固光子带隙光纤(AS-PBGF)的工作原理,以及该种结构光纤在实现大模场面积、单模运转和低弯曲损耗等特性的优势.从无源光纤和有源光纤角度分类,着重总结并分析了近些年国际上相关课题组对此种结构光纤的研究报道与进展.最后,展望了基于多谐振耦合...     

Photonic bandgap fibre oscillators and amplifiers

In the search for ever higher output power or energy from fibre oscillators or amplifiers a nowadays mature technology relies on enlarging the fibre mode area. Broadening of the core diameter, all other things being equal, inevitably yields a multimode fibre, thereby dramatically limiting the device usefulness. Various strategies have been deployed to design and manufacture single transverse mode fibre oscillators and amplifiers, among which making use of the so-called photonic bandgap effect to restrict the modal population seems promising. Helped by efficient and reliable numerical tools the design of large mode area singlemode photonic bandgap fibres is presented. Two fibres with 20-μm and 40-μm core diameter, both of them heavily doped with Yb³⁺ ions, have been fabricated by the widespread modified chemical vapour deposition process and are shown to behave properly when used as the core element of either continuous wave oscillators or femtosecond amplifiers. Good output beam quality (M² parameter spanning from 1.12 to 1.5 for the set of fibres studied) and high slope efficiency of 80% in cw oscillation regime are demonstrated. Furthermore the 40-μm core diameter fibre is shown to be resilient to tight bending down to 7.5-cm radius. The stack-and-draw process makes it easy to tailor the outer cladding so that a large numerical aperture can be reached. Subsequently, from this air-clad fibre, 500 fs 47 W pulses at 35 MHz are obtained from a two-stage chirped pulse amplification system.     

空芯光子带隙光纤在甲烷检测中的应用

以多段级联的空芯光子带隙光纤(PBF)作为气体传感探头,以谐波检测技术作为信号处理方法,构建了一种新型全光纤甲烷监测系统。分析了甲烷在空芯内的扩散特性,实现了传感气室的优化设计。实验结果证实了该传感头用于甲烷检测的可行性。     

Analysis on photonic crystal fibers with circular air holes in elliptical configuration

In this paper, two novel structures of photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) containing elliptical rings of circular air holes are presented. The circular air holes in both structures are arranged in seven elliptical rings, but the number of holes in each ring is different for these structures. Moreover, air hole diameter and hole-to-hole pitch are altered along the distance from the center of the fiber’s cross section. Properties, such as birefringence and confinement loss, of these structures with different numbers of air hole rings are numerically analyzed by using the multipole method. Numerical results show that a high birefringence of 1.626 × 10⁻³ can be reached at the wavelength of 1.55 μm, and a low confinement loss on the order of 10⁻⁸ dB/m can be achieved at the same wavelength. Furthermore, it is also found that elliptic ratio obviously affects birefringence and confinement loss, but the number of air hole rings has little impact on birefringence.     

多模光纤带宽的计算与优化

文章对多模光纤的带宽进行了理论分析,并进行仿真计算和优化,找出了不同工作波长下多模光纤最优折射率指数(gopt),同时对50/125μm新一代多模光纤的带宽进行了分析.     

光子带隙光纤准直器回波损耗研究

研究了一种光子带隙光纤准直器。为了降低回波对光源的干扰,通常光纤准直器的回波损耗不应低于60 dB。由于带隙光纤端面没有反射,因此满足这一条件的带隙光纤准直器GRIN透镜入射面的倾斜角与普通光纤准直器不同。从高斯光束通过光学系统的一般模型出发,利用矩阵光学和高斯光束耦合理论,推导了光线传输矩阵。结合实际应用中光纤及GRIN透镜的参数,仿真分析了尾纤与GRIN透镜之间的间距及GRIN透镜的参数对准直器回波损耗的影响。结果表明,镀有增透膜时,当光子带隙光纤准直器的GRIN透镜入射面倾角等于3时,回波损耗大于60 dB。研究结果对进行光子带隙光纤准直器的设计具有指导意义。     

高阻抗表面光子带隙结构过孔研究

高阻抗表面结构是一种典型的二维光子晶体结构,在微波领域有着广泛的应用前景。针对高阻抗表面光子带隙结构的过孔尺寸对其带隙频率的影响进行了研究,使用数值分析方法证明了金属化过孔的电感是不能忽略的。因此,通过在高阻抗表面的带隙频率计算公式中引入过孔电感的计算,完善了频率计算公式,利用修正后的公式可以对高阻抗表面结构进行精确设计。